2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷82

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1、2022年考博英语-湖南农业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The Indians see little（ ）for success and become frustrated, because they usually go to inferior school and often cannot adjust to life in the city.问题1选项A.instinctB.propositionC.priorityD.prospect【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“直觉”；B选项“命题，主题”；C选项“优先权”；D选项“前途，预期”。句意：印第安人似

2、乎只有一点点对成功（）而且变得沮丧，因为他们通常去教学质量不好的学校而且不能适应城市生活。从关键词go to inferior school and often cannot adjust to life in the city可知，印第安人成功希望不是很大，所以答案选D。2. 不定项选择题Some accept their fate. Others try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enfo

3、rcement is represented by a computer-driven camera that has immortalized your violation on filmas is the case at hundreds of intersections in more than 100 cities around the U.S.its hard to talk your way out of a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doi

4、ng last week when a superior court judge rules that pictures taken by the so-called red-light cameras were unreliable and therefore unacceptable.The first U.S. Court decision to reject all the traffic violations caught on cameras; the ruling by Judge Ronald Styn has fueled debate over the growing us

5、e of the devices. Police departments swear, and studies indicate, that the robot cameras deter people from speeding and running red lights. A Lou Harris poll set for release this week finds that 69% of Americans support their use. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposals to implement them, a

6、nd opponentsranging from House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties Unionargue that the cameras violate privacy and place profit above public safety.Part of the problem is that virtually all the devices in place are operated by private firms that handle everything from installi

7、ng the machinery to identifying violationsoften with minimal police oversightand have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The companies get paid as much as $70 a ticket, and the total revenue is hardly chump change. San Diego has got in $15.9 million last year and Washington $12.8 m

8、illion. “Its all about money,” says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer, Washingtons executive assistant chief of police. “We have reduced fatalities. If some company is making money off that that is American way.”Critics counter that there must be other, less int

9、rusive ways to make intersections safer, such as lengthening the yellow light and adding turn lanes. “I object to this fixation we have with cameras and electronically gathered information,” says Ban. “It places too much confidence in technology.” That confidence, as Washington residents have learne

10、d, can be misplaced. The city removed one camera last May that had generated more than 19,000 tickets at a particularly confusing intersection. In San Diego, faulty sensors made drivers appear to be going faster than they really were. The city suspended the system in July.Another concern is privacy.

11、 While systems in Washington, Maryland and North Carolina photograph nothing but the rear of the car, others in Arizona, California and Colorado take a picture of the drivers seat as wella bit of electronic monitoring that could land straying spouses in trouble a lot more serious than a traffic viol

12、ation.In Europe, where robot cameras are deployed by the thousands and are even less popular than they are here, resentful drivers have started to take matters into their own hands, seeking out hidden cameras and knocking them over with their cars.1. It is mainly indicated in the first paragraph tha

13、t _.2. The court decision last week _.3. Opponents arguments against cameras include all the following EXCEPT _.4. Police department believes that _.5. The phrase “chump change” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _.6. According to the passage, Bob Barr _.7. The writers attitude towards

14、robot cameras can be best expressed as _.8. Some drivers in European countries _.问题1选项A.most people respond intensively when caught in traffic offenseB.motorists can be wrongly accused by police officersC.speeders cannot defend themselves before red-light camerasD.computer-driven cameras sometimes d

15、o tell lies问题2选项A.triggered a dispute over the use of robot camerasB.excused few camera-caught violators from punishmentC.found fewer red-light camera supporters in AmericaD.deterred some states from implementing camera devices问题3选项A.they intrude into peoples privacyB.they give priority to the pursu

16、it of profitC.they are operated by private firmsD.they are under the supervision of police问题4选项A.robot cameras should not be operated by private firmsB.robot cameras are effective in maintaining traffic orderC.speeding is the major cause of traffic fatalitiesD.companies operating cameras should not

17、pursue money问题5选项A.trivialB.moderateC.enormousD.indefinite问题6选项A.is the majority leader in the House of RepresentativesB.is strongly against the American way of making moneyC.lacks confidence in modern technologyD.doubts the authenticity of electronically gathered information问题7选项A.positiveB.negativ

18、eC.indifferentD.uncertain问题8选项A.strongly supported the use of red-light camerasB.destroy thousands of the robot camerasC.take the initiative in the use of robot camerasD.take drastic measures with robot cameras【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D第8题:D【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干提到第一段话暗示什么。文章第一段第一句话说Some acce

19、pt their fate.（一些人接受了命运（被抓到真实的或者虚假的交通违规要罚款的命运），根据关键词some可知，A选项“大部分人被抓到交通违规之后反应很强烈”错误；B选项“摩托车司机可能会被警察错误地指控了”文中没有提及；C选项“超速者在被红灯摄像头抓到后不能为自己辩护”错误，第一段这个例子就是说300名驾车者在被红灯摄像头抓到违规，起诉交警部门后胜诉了，所以说超速者是可以为自己辩护的；第一段最后一句话pictures taken by the so-called red-light cameras were unreliable and therefore unacceptable （

20、所谓的“红灯摄像头”拍摄的照片不可靠，因此不可接受），这就是说D选项“红路灯会说谎”正确。第2题:推理判断题。句意指法院的决定产生了什么样的影响。我们定位到第二段第一句话the ruling by Judge Ronald Styn has fueled debate over the growing use of the devices.（法官Ronald Styn这项决定更加激发了关于增加使用该设备的决定），从fueled这个词可知并不是这项判决引起的讨论，而是讨论本身就存在，判决加重了讨论，A选项“引发了关于是否使用摄像头的讨论”错误；B选项“判决赦免了少部分闯红灯被抓者的处罚”；C选项

21、“判决发现支持红灯摄像头的人更少”，这两项文中都没有提及；定位到第二段第三句话A Lou Harris poll set for release this week finds that 69% of Americans support their use. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposals to implement them（Lou Harris将于本周发布的民意调查显示，69%的美国人支持使用该设备。但是，至少有7个州打回了关于安装这些设备的提案），所以D选项“阻止了一些州安装摄像头”正确。第3题:事实细节题。由题干关键词“O

22、pponents”（反对者），我们定位到文章第二段倒数第三行opponentsargue that the cameras violate privacy and place profit above public safety.（反对者认为这些摄像头侵犯了隐私，而且把盈利置于公共安全之上），所以A、B可以排除；再定位到第三段第一句Part of the problem is that virtually all the devices in place are operated by private firms that handle everything from installing t

23、he machinery to identifying violationsoften with minimal police oversightand have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can.（部分问题在于，几乎所有的设备都是由私人公司操作的，他们负责从安装机器到识别违规行为的所有事情通常是在最少的警察监督下并有尽可能多地吸引司机的动机。），这里可知C选项“摄像头确实是私人公司安装的”排除；从关键词minimal可知D选项“摄像头是在警察的监控之下的”是错误的，所以答案选D。第4题:事实细节题。根据关键词police

24、department believes我们定位到文章第二段第二句：Police departments swear, and studies indicate, that the robot cameras deter people from speeding and running red lights.（警察部门发誓，研究表明，机器人摄像头可以阻止人们超速和闯红灯。）第三段最后两句话Not so, insists Terrance Gainer, Washingtons executive assistant chief of police. “We have reduced fatali

25、ties.”（但事实并非如此，华盛顿警察局执行助理局长特伦斯盖纳（Terrance Gainer）坚持认为。“我们减少了死亡人数。”）这两句可以看出交警部门认为摄像头维持了交通秩序，所以选B选项“摄像头有效地维持了交通秩序”。A选项“摄像头不应该由私人公司运营”，D选项“公司运营摄像头的目的不应该赚钱”，这两个都不是交警部门的看法，C选项“超速是交通致死事故的主要原因”，文章没有提及。第5题:词汇推断题。A选项“细微的”；B选项“普遍的”；C选项“巨大的”D选项“无限的”。根据题干定位到“chump change”所在的句子，即第三段第二句话“The companies get paid as

26、 much as $ 70 a ticket, and the total revenue is hardly chump change.（该公司每张罚单能够收到多达70美元的罚款，因而该公司总收入相当可观）”，我们根据后面的第三段三四句San Diego has got in $15.9 million last year and Washington $12.8 million. “Its all about money,” says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic.（圣地亚哥去年入账1590万美元，华盛顿入账1280万美元。“这一切都是关于钱

27、，”国会议员鲍勃巴尔如是说，他是主要的批评者。），从这句可以看出，华盛顿和圣地亚哥收到的交通罚款数量巨大，不然不会受到来自国会议员的批评。由此推测，答案选A。第6题:判断推理题。根据题干中的人名定位到文中提到该人物的地方，即第三段第四句“Its all about money”, says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic.（“这一切都是关于钱”国会议员鲍勃巴尔如是说，他是主要的批评者。）所以选B选项“鲍勃巴尔强烈反对美国特殊赚钱方式”。A选项“鲍勃巴尔是众议院的领导者”不符合文意，鲍勃巴尔是安装摄像头的主要的反对者但是不是众议院的领导者，排除A；C

28、选项“鲍勃巴尔对技术是否充满信心”，文中没有提及，排除；D选项“质疑电子收集信息的权威性”文中也没有提及。第7题:观点态度题。A选项“积极”；B选项“消极”；C选项“漠不关心”；D选项“不确定”。整篇文章作者只是比较客观地描述了一些现象，文章中没有明显的句子或者词语表现出作者的态度，所以对于作者的态度我们是不明确的，答案选D。第8题:事实细节题。根据题干的关键词“drivers in European countries”，我们定位到最后一段“In Europe, where robot cameras are deployed by the thousands and are even le

29、ss popular than they are here, resentful drivers have started to take matters into their own hands, seeking out hidden cameras and knocking them over with their cars.（在欧洲，部署了数以千计的摄像头并且这些摄像头甚至比在这里（美国）更不受欢迎，心怀不满的司机们已经开始采取行动，寻找隐藏的摄像头，并用汽车撞倒它们。）”，由此答案选D选项“采用极端的手段对付摄像头”，从最后一段可以看出，欧洲司机也不支持摄像头的安装，所以A选项“支持摄

30、像头的安装”错误；B选项“数以千计的摄像头被毁坏”，数以千计的摄像头是总数而不是被毁坏的数量，所以不选；C选项“欧洲首先使用摄像头”文章没有提及，所以排除。3. 单选题The manager gave one of the sales girls an accusing look for her（ ） attitude toward customers.问题1选项A.impartialB.mildC.hostileD.opposing【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“公正的”；B选项“温和的”；C选项“敌对的，敌意的”；D选项“反对的”。句意：经理训斥了其中一位女销售一顿，因为她对客户

31、的（）态度。如果女孩的态度好的话，经理就不会训斥她，所以答案排除A，B；D选项一般是处于对立的双方才会用的形容词，而顾客和客户的关系并不是对立的，而且这里形容的是态度，所以答案选C，恶意的态度。4. 单选题I must take this watch to be repaired; it（ ） over twenty minutes a day.问题1选项A.increasesB.progressesC.acceleratesD.gains【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项increases“增加”；B选项progresses“进步”；C选项accelerates“加速”；D选项gains

32、“获得，（钟表等）走快”。句意：我必须去把表修一修，这块表每天（）超过二十分钟。从句意可以看出表坏了，具体是因为每天多走20多分钟，这里符合题意的只有D选项，答案选D。5. 单选题_they were talking, the dawn came shining through the windows of the room.问题1选项A.WhileB.TillC.The momentD.Before【答案】A【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项While“当时候”；B选项Till“直到才”；C选项The moment“立刻，一就”；D选项Before“在之前”。句意：（）他们在交谈；曙光透过房间的窗

33、户照了进来。这里结合选项填的连词是“当时候”，所以排除B、D选项，答案选A；C选项不是连词不能连接两个句子，所以不选。6. 不定项选择题The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual

34、development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough

35、 people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of l

36、iving.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and rem

37、ains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterpartsa result of the training that U. S. workers received on the job.More recently, while

38、 examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industrys work.What is the real relationship between education and e

39、conomic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. After all, thats how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didnt have time to wonder much about any

40、thing besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanitys productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn

41、 afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that ma

42、y be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesnt constrain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isnt d

43、eveloping more quickly there than it is.1. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries _.2. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that _.3. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged _.4. According to t

44、he last paragraph, development of education _.问题1选项A.is conventionally downgradedB.is subjected to groundless doubtsC.has been overestimatedD.fallen victim of bias问题2选项A.the U.S workforce has a better educationB.the Japanese workforce is better disciplinedC.the U. S workforce is more organizedD.the

45、Japanese workforce is more productive问题3选项A.when people no longer went hungryB.when people had enough timeC.as a result of pressure on governmentD.prior to better ways of finding food问题4选项A.follows improved productivityB.results directly from competitive environmentsC.cannot afford political changes

46、D.does not depend on economic performance【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】第1题:作者意图题。题干：在第一段中作者认为在贫穷国家教育的重要性_？A选项“通常受到质疑”；B选项“遭受无端质疑”；C选项“被高估了”；D选项“是偏见的受害者”。根据题干定位到第一段第一、二、三句“在贫穷国家，正规教育与经济增长之间的关系被经济学家和政治家广泛误解。毫无疑问，这两个领域的进步对于这些社会和所有其他社会的社会、政治和智力发展是必要的；然而，传统观点认为，教育应该是促进穷国经济快速发展的最高优先事项之一，这是错误的。”从这里可以推测，作者认为教

47、育在贫穷国家中重要，但是并不是促进穷国经济快速发展的最高优先事项之一，即认为教育的重要性被高估了。答案选A。第2题:事实细节题。题干：日本和美国的劳动者最大的区别是什么。A选项“美国劳动力受教育程度更高”；B选项“日本劳动力更有纪律”；C选项“美国劳动者更有组织”；D选项“日本劳动力生产效率更高”。根据题干定位到第二段最后一句话Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their J

48、apanese counterparts（然而，研究显示，本田、尼桑和丰田在美国的工厂达到了日本同行的约95%的生产率）从这里可以知，虽然达到了95%，但是日本的生产率更高，答案选D。选项A错误；B、C选项文章没有提及。第3题:事实细节题。题干：作者举出我们的祖先的例子是为了显示教育出现 ？选项A“人们解决温饱之后”；B选项“人们有时间以后”；C选项“是政府部门施压的结果”；D选项“在找到更好的食物之前”。根据题干定位到第四段最后一句话Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time

49、 for other things.（只有当人类开始以更富有成效的方式获取食物时，才有时间做其他事情。）从这里可知，D错误，答案选A。第4题:推理判断题。题干：根据最后一段，教育的发展 ？A选项“随着提高的生产率而来”；B选项“直接来自竞争环境的结果”；C选项“无法承受政治变革”；D选项“不依赖于经济表现”。根据题干定位到最后一段第二句This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for the complex political systems

50、 required by advanced economic performance.（对于先进的经济表现所要求的复杂的政治制度来说，这种日益提高的教育水平可能是一个必要的，但不是一个充分的条件。）说明缺乏正规的教育并不能限制可以极大提高产量的世界劳动力的发展，而反之，对提高产量的限制能够解释为什么教育发展得没有那么快。由此可知，提高产量优先于发展教育，答案选A。7. 不定项选择题The Moon, which has undergone a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance. The

51、 moon may be divided into two major terrains: the maria (dark lowlands) and the terrace (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this

52、supposition was confirmed by missions to the Moon such as Surveyor and Apollo. One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters; the highlands are complet

53、ely covered by large craters (greater than 40-50km in diameter), while the craters of the maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the Moons craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.Most of the near side of the Moon was thoroughly mappe

54、d and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth-based telescopes can resolve objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the Moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that

55、the Moon is covered by a surface layer, or regolith, which overlies the solid rock of the Moon. Telescopic images permitted the cataloging of a bewildering array of land forms. Craters were studied for clues to their origin, the large circular maria were mapped. Wispy marks on the surface (known as

56、rays) emanating from certain craters were seen. Strange, sinuous features were observed in the maria. Although various land forms were catalogued, the majority of astronomers attention was fixed on craters and their origins.Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters chan

57、ges as they increase in size. Small craters with diameters of less than 10-15km have relatively simple shapes. They have rim crests that are elevated above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl-shaped interiors, and depths that are about one-fifth to one-sixth their diameters. The complexity of shap

58、e increases for larger craters.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. The underlined word “undergone” in Line 1 is closest in meaning to（ ）.3. According to the passage, the maria differ from the terrace mainly in terms of（ ）.4. According to the passage lunar researchers have focused mostly on（ ）

59、.5. The passage probably continues with a discussion of（ ）.问题1选项A.What astronomers learned from the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.B.Characteristics of the major terrains of the Moon.C.The origin of the Moons craters.D.Techniques used to catalogue the Moons land forms.问题2选项A.alteredB.substituted

60、C.experiencedD.preserved问题3选项A.ageB.manner of creationC.sizeD.composition问题4选项A.the possibility of finding water on the MoonB.the lunar regolithC.cataloging various land formationsD.craters and their origins问题5选项A.the reasons craters are difficult to studyB.the different shapesC.some features of lar

61、ge cratersD.some difference in the ways small and large craters were formed【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。A选项“天文学家从勘测者号和阿波罗号太空任务中学到了什么”；B选项“月球主要地形的特征”；C选项“月球陨石坑的起源”：D选项“用来记录月球地貌的技术”。根据题干定位到第一段第一句话The Moon, which has undergone a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking

62、 appearance.（月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观。）第二段倒数第一二句话Strange, sinuous features were observed in the maria. Although various land forms were catalogued, the majority of astronomers attention was fixed on craters and their origins.（在月海中观察到奇怪的、弯曲的特征。虽然有各种各样的地貌，但天文学家的注意力主要集中在陨石坑和它们的起源上。）从这里可以看出文章都是围绕着月球的地形地

63、貌展开的，所以答案选B；C选项只是提及没有具体展开讲，而且文章不止讲了月球上的陨石坑还有相当一部分内容是讲的月海（maria），所以不能选，A、D选项不符合题意。第2题:词义推测题。A选项“改变”；B选项“取代”；C选项“经历”；D选项“保存”。第一段第一句话The Moon, which has undergone a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance.（月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观）。从这句undergone的意思是经历，这个和选项C相近，所以答案选C。第3题:词义推测题。A选项“年龄”；B选项“创造的方式”；C选项“尺寸”；D选项“成分”。第一段第三四五句话observers that the two terrains might have different