2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第10期

《2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第10期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第10期（59页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题His testimony is of no _ to the case.问题1选项A.relevanceB.relationC.substanceD.connection【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. relevance 相关性 B. relation 关系C. substance 根据 D. connection 关联【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】原句句意为“他的证词与此案没有_”，根据选项推测，原句想表达的是“没有关系；不相关”，即他的证词与这个案件不相关，对这个案件没有帮助，A选项rel

2、evance“相关性”，最符合要求。某物与某一情境的相关性（relevance）是指它对该情境的重要性或意义。【干扰项排除】B选项relation“关系”，侧重于指两者之间的关系，比如艺术与生活之间的关系；C选项substance“根据”，不符合原句语义衔接；D选项connection“关联”，与relation相似，侧重于指两者之间的关系。【句意】他的证词与此案并不相关。2. 单选题No one in the _ apartment was awaked by their quarrelling sounds.问题1选项A.approachedB.distantC.neighborD.adj

3、acent【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. approached 临近（过去式或过去分词） B. distant 远的C. neighbor 邻居 n. D. adjacent 相邻的【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接与近义词辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“_公寓里没有人被他们的争吵声吵醒。”按照语义和选项推测，争吵声吵醒的应该是临近公寓的人，该处所填词应该是一个形容词，修饰公寓。D选项adjacent“相邻的”符合要求。【干扰项排除】A选项approached“临近（过去式或过去分词）”，动词，不做定语修饰“公寓”；B选项distant“远的”，不符合语义衔接；C选项neighbor“邻居”，名词，

4、不能直接修饰公寓。【句意】他们的吵闹声没有吵醒隔壁公寓的人。3. 单选题Reforming the Social Security retirement program is an issue of enormous practical importance. Yet it remains the missing piece in American policy analysis. At a time when the Congress and the Administration are considering ways to reform welfare, Medicare, Medica

5、id, and the income tax, elected officials are still unwilling to confront the serious problems of our Social Security system. Eventually, however, its deteriorating financial condition will force major reforms. Whether those reforms are good or bad, whether they deal with the basic economic problems

6、 of the system or merely protect the solvency of existing institutional arrangements will depend in part on whether we, as economists, provide the appropriate intellectual framework for analyzing reform alternatives.Major policy changes that affect the public at large can only happen in our democrac

7、y, when there is widespread public support for the new direction of policy. In the field of economics, the views of the media, of other private-sector opinion leaders, and of politicians and their advisers, depend very much on their perception of what economists believe feasible and correct. Fundame

8、ntal policy reforms in a complex area like social security also require the development of technical expertise, both in and out of government, about the options for change and their likely consequences. Fortunately, an expanding group of economists is now thinking and writing about social security r

9、eform. My remarks today greatly benefit from what they have written and from my conversations with many of them.I began to do my research on the effects of Social Security reform nearly 25 years ago (Feldstein, 1974, 1975). A central concept in my analysis of Social Security has been the notion of “

10、Social Security wealth”, which I defined as the present actuarial value of the Social Security benefits to which the current adult population will be entitled at age 65 (or are already entitled to if they are older than 65) minus the present actuarial value of the Social Security taxes that they wil

11、l pay before reaching that age. Social Security wealth has now grown to about $11 trillion or more than 1.5 times GDP. Since this is equivalent to more than $50, 000 for every adult in the country, the value of Social Security wealth substantially exceeds all other assets for the vast majority of Am

12、erican households. In the aggregate, Social Security wealth exceeds three-fourths of all private financial wealth, as conventionally measured.Social Security wealth is of course not real wealth but only a claim on current and future taxpayers. Instead of labeling this key magnitude “Social Security

13、wealth”, I could have called it the nations “Social Security liability”. Like ordinary government debt, Social Security wealth has the power to crowd out private capital accumulation, and Social Security wealth will continue to grow as long as our current system remains unchanged displacing an ever

14、larger stock of capital.The $11 trillion Social Security liability is three times as large as the official national debt. Although I certainly welcome the current political efforts to shrink future budget deficits, it is worth noting that, even if the traditional deficit is eliminated in the year 20

15、02, so that the national debt is then no longer increasing, the national debt in the form of the Social Security liability is likely to increase that year by about $300 billion.Looking further into the future, the aggregate Social Security liability will grow as the population expands, as it becomes

16、 relatively older, and as income rises. Government actuaries predict that, under existing law, the tax rate required to pay each years Social Security benefit will rise over the next 50 years from the present level of slightly less than 12 percent to more than 18 percent, and perhaps to as much as 2

17、3 percent.1. The deterioration financial condition referred to was caused by _.2. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “alternatives” refers to _.3. According to the author, major policy changes can only happen in _.4. In paragraph three, the name and the dates between parentheses _

18、.5. The definition of Social Security wealth _.6. Rather than wealth, this key magnitude may be construed as a liability because _.问题1选项A.a poor economic approach to the Social Security retirement programB.the reform of welfare in the Social Security retirement programC.major policy changes in the S

19、ocial Security retirement programD.government debt in the Social Security retirement program问题2选项A.coursesB.thoughtsC.peopleD.occasions问题3选项A.social security wealth in the United StatesB.democratic countriesC.a country where and when opinion upholds changeD.all of the above问题4选项A.are a question of p

20、ersonal styleB.represent vital new informationC.identity the authorD.refer to a different author问题5选项A.applies to the benefits payable before age 65B.does not apply to benefits after age 65C.includes the present actuarial value paid before age 65D.was formulated two and a half decade ago问题6选项A.it ha

21、s now grown to $11 trillionB.it is equivalent to more than $50,000 for every adult in the countryC.it grows steadily through the accumulation of private capitalD.it is a debt to be paid【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D第6题:D【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The deterioration financial condition referred to was caused by _.

22、文中提到的财务状况恶化是由_造成的。A. a poor economic approach to the Social Security retirement program A. 社会保障退休计划的糟糕的经济方法B. the reform of welfare in the Social Security retirement program B. 社会保障退休计划中的福利改革C. major policy changes in the Social Security retirement program C. 社会保障退休计划中的重大政策变化D. government debt in th

23、e Social Security retirement program D. 社会保障退休计划中的政府债务【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词deterioration financial condition定位到原文第1段第4句，该句提到“其日益恶化的财政状况（its deteriorating financial condition）最终（Eventually）将迫使其进行重大改革（major reforms）。”由此可知，后文介绍的应该是财政状况恶化的结果改革，因此，导致财政状况恶化的原因应该去前文中找。前一句提到“当国会和政府正在考虑如何改革社会福利、医疗保险、医

24、疗补助和所得税时，官员们仍然不愿意面对我们社会保障体系的严重问题。”由此可知，在讨论制定社会保障计划时，政府官员们的方法不当，不愿意处理社会保障体系中的严重问题，由此最终导致需要进行改革。A选项“制定社会保障退休计划的糟糕的经济方法”最符合原文。【干扰项排除】B选项“社会保障退休计划中的福利改革”，根据【解题思路】可知，“改革”是“财政状况恶化”的结果，而本题询问的是“财政状况恶化”的原因，该选项属于因果倒置；C选项“社会保障退休计划中的重大政策变化”，“重大政策变化”可定位到原文第2段第1句，该句提到“只有当新的政策方向得到公众的广泛支持时，才能发生影响广大公众的重大政策变化”，与本题无关；

25、D选项“社会保障退休计划中的政府债务”，“政府债务”是原文第4-6段的内容，根据原文可知，与本题无关。第2题:【选项释义】In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “alternatives” refers to _. 第一段的最后一句中“alternatives”指的是_。A. courses A. 课程；路线B. thoughts B. 想法；看法C. people C. 人民D. occasions D. 重大场合【答案】D【考查点】词汇推理题【解题思路】根据题干关键词the first paragraph和the las

26、t sentence定位到原文最后一段最后一句，该句提到“这些改革是好是坏，是解决体系的基本经济问题，还是仅仅保护现有制度安排的偿付能力，将部分取决于我们，作为经济学家，是否提供适当的知识框架来分析_。”原词alternatives的本义为“可供替代的选择”，在这里应该指的是一些供选择的改革方案（reform alternatives）。D选项occasions可以指重大的社会事件或场合，reform occasions指的是“改革”这件事，与原文的语义最接近。【干扰项排除】A选项courses“课程；路线”、B选项thoughts“想法；看法”、C选项people“人民”完全不符合原文语义。

27、第3题:【选项释义】According to the author, major policy changes can only happen in _. 根据作者的观点，主要的政策变化只能发生在_。A. social security wealth in the United States A. 美国的社会保障财富B. democratic countries B. 民主国家C. a country where and when opinion upholds change C. 在一个舆论支持改变的国家D. all of the above D. 以上所有【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题【解

28、题思路】根据题干关键词major policy changes定位到原文第2段第一句，该句提到“在我们的民主体制中，只有在新的政策方向得到公众的广泛支持（public support）时，影响广大公众的重大政策变化（Major policy changes）才能发生（can only happen in our democracy）。”由此可知，只有当一个国家的民众支持政策变革时，重大的政策变化才能发生，C选项“在一个舆论支持改变的国家”最符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“美国的社会保障财富”，虽然本文的话题是社会保障，但是原文并没有说作者认为美国的重大政策只能发生在社会保障的财富领域，该选项属

29、于无中生有；B选项“民主国家”，如果选择了这个选项，应该是对原文in our democracy理解有误差，原文中，in our democracy应该是整个句子的状语，指在我们这个民主国家，重大的政策变化只能发生在什么时候，而不是说只能发生在我们这个民主国家，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“以上所有”，A、B选项都不满足，该项也不能选。第4题:【选项释义】In paragraph three, the name and the dates between parentheses _. 在第三段中，括号里的名字和日期_。A. are a question of personal style A.

30、是个人风格的问题B. represent vital new information B. 代表重要的新信息C. identity the author C. 标明作者的身份D. refer to a different author D. 指向一个不同的作者【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词In paragraph three定位到原文第3段。本段第一句提到“近25年前，我开始研究社会保障改革的影响（费尔德斯坦，1974，1975）。”在论文中，通常会使用括号中标明作者和日期的格式，来提示这是该作者该时间的研究。原文中括号里的名字和日期是为了表明关于社会保障改革的影响的

31、研究是费尔德斯坦在1974到1975年的著作。C选项“标明作者的身份”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“是个人风格的问题”，表述错误，这种做法是惯例；B选项“代表重要的新信息”，表述错误，原文中作者已经点明这是他自己25年前的研究，所以不属于新信息；D选项“指向一个不同的作者”，表述错误，是同一个作者。第5题:【选项释义】The definition of Social Security wealth _. 社会保障财富的定义_。A. applies to the benefits payable before age 65 A. 适用于65岁之前可支付的福利B. does not apply

32、 to benefits after age 65 B. 不适用于65岁之后的福利C. includes the present actuarial value paid before age 65 C. 包括65岁以前支付的精算现值D. was formulated two and a half decade ago D. 是25年前形成的【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词definition of Social Security wealth定位到原文第3段。本段第1句提到“差不多25年前（nearly 25 years ago），我开始研究社会保障改革的影响。”该段

33、第2句提到“在我对社会保障的分析中（in my analysis of Social Security），一个中心概念是社会保障财富，我把它定义为（which I defined as）社会保障福利的精算现值（the present actuarial value of the Social Security benefits）（现在的成年人在65岁时将有权享受或65岁以上的老年人已经享受了）减去（minus）他们在达到那个年龄之前支付的社会保障税的精算现值（the present actuarial value of the Social Security taxes）。”由此可知，关于“社

34、会保障财富”的概念是作者在他25年前的一份研究中定义的。D选项“是25年前形成的”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“适用于65岁之前可支付的福利”，由【解题思路】可知，根据定义，65岁之前交税，65岁及65岁以上才可能有资格享受福利，该选项表述错误，属于偷换概念；B选项“不适用于65岁之后的福利”，表述错误，定义适用于65岁之后的福利，该选项属于曲解原文；C选项“包括65岁以前支付的精算现值”，表述错误，由【解题思路】可知，“社会保障财富”的定义为“65岁及65岁以后享受到的福利的精算现值减去这些人65岁以前交的税的精算现值”，它是一个差额，而不是单独的某一个精算现值，该选项属于曲解原文。第6

35、题:【选项释义】Rather than wealth, this key magnitude may be construed as a liability because _. 这个关键的量度可能被理解为负债而不是财富，因为_。A. it has now grown to $11 trillion A. 现在已经增长到11万亿美元了B. it is equivalent to more than $50,000 for every adult in the country B. 对这个国家的每个成年人来说相当于5万多美元C. it grows steadily through the acc

36、umulation of private capital C. 它通过私人资本的积累而稳步增长D. it is a debt to be paid D. 这是一笔需要偿还的债【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】本题询问的是为什么把它称之为“负债”而不是“财富”。根据题干关键词wealth、magnitude和liability定位到原文第4段第2句，该句提到“我本可以称其为国家的社会保障负债，而不是将其称为社会保障财富。”而作者说这句话的背景是，前一句提到“社会保障财富当然不是真正的财富（not real wealth），而只是（but only）对当前和未来纳税人的一种要求（a cla

37、im）。”由此可知，之所以把它称之为“负债”是因为它需要纳税人交税，相当于一笔要偿还的债务，D选项“这是一笔需要偿还的债”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“现在已经增长到11万亿美元了”，表述正确，但与本题无关；B选项“对这个国家的每个成年人来说相当于5万多美元”，表述正确，但与本题无关；C选项“它通过私人资本的积累而稳步增长”，表述错误，原文第4段最后一句提到“社会保障财富有能力将私人资本积累挤出。”由此可知，它并不是通过私人资本积累而增长的。4. 单选题To return German property to Germany is certainly just and _. However,

38、 to claim that the paintings of Rembrand and Vermeer are part of Germanys cultural heritage overstates the matter.问题1选项A.decentB.exhilaratingC.eruptiveD.combative【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. decent 体面的；正派的 B. exhilarating 令人高兴或兴奋的C. eruptive 爆发的 D. combative 好战的【答案】B【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配【解题思路】空格处所填的形容词修饰的是“把德国的财产还给

39、德国”这件事，能修饰这件事的是B选项exhilarating“令人高兴或兴奋的”。【干扰项排除】A选项decent指人正直的、正派的，或人的行为举止得体的、体面的，或某物像样的、体面的，与被修饰语搭配不当；C选项eruptive“爆发的”，与被修饰语搭配不当；D选项combative“好战的”，与被修饰语搭配不当。【句意】把德国的财产归还德国当然是公正的、令人高兴的。然而，声称伦勃朗（Rembrand）和维米尔（Vermeer）的画作是德国文化遗产的一部分，就言过其实了。5. 单选题Having written over 200 books Isaac Asimov is a very pro

40、lific writer.问题1选项A.loquaciousB.productiveC.capableD.well-known【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. loquacious 话多的 B. productive 多产的C. capable 有能力的 D. well-known 著名的【答案】B【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】划线词修饰的是writer“作家”，根据前文“写了200多本书”推测，本句表达的是他写了很多书，产出非常多，B选项productive“多产的”最符合原句语义衔接。原词prolific“多产的”。【干扰项排除】A选项loquacious“话多的”，不符合原句语义衔接；

41、C选项capable“有能力的”，没有B选项精确；D选项well-known“著名的”，没有B选项精确。【句意】艾萨克阿西莫夫（Isaac Asimov）是一位非常多产的作家，他写了200多本书。6. 单选题It is also believed that these steroids could be used to treat disorders such as acute anxiety and premenstrual syndrome.问题1选项A.enmityB.symptomC.adversityD.plaintiff【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. enmity 敌意 B.

42、symptom 症状C. adversity 逆境 D. plaintiff 原告【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】原句中划线词受premenstrual“经期前的”修饰，并且与acute anxiety“急性焦虑”并列；原词syndrome“综合症状”。因此，B选项symptom“症状”与原词最接近，最符合原句句意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原句句意。【句意】人们也认为，这些类固醇可以用于治疗急性焦虑和经前综合症等疾病。7. 翻译题国际间的礼品赠予已经成了文化的危险区域。各种文化中的禁忌都有所不同。要赠送他人得当的礼品就必须了解对方的文化。在某些文化中，适时赠予符合时尚的合适的

43、礼品，不仅会增进个人之间的关系，也能提高公司和个人的形象。合适的礼品可以表达对他人的尊重，同样也表现出公司和个人的形象，以及实现全球化的技能和实力。在人际关系十分重要的文化中，礼品反映公司的形象和意图。同时，潜在的合作伙伴可以进一步领会你以及你公司的想法和未来可能采取的行动。然而，赠予礼品的主要目的是，向接受者表示敬意，让他们感到愉快。如果把这一点牢记在心，你就不可能赠送他人不合适的礼品。你的礼品就更不可能会侮辱对方。国际间礼品赠予的基本经验是：你赠送的礼品最好是本国生产的。要特别细心，弄清礼品的生产产地，以避免对接受礼品的人造成任何无礼的后果。【答案】International gift-g

44、iving has become a dangerous zone of culture, and each culture has its own taboos. To give proper gifts to others, one must understand the culture of the receivers.In some cultures, giving the appropriate and fashionable gift timely, not only advances personal relationships, but can enhance the imag

45、e of the company and the individual. The right gift can show respect for others, and indicate the image of a company or an individual, as well as the skills and strength to achieve globalization. In a culture where relationships are important, gifts reflect a companys image and intentions. At the sa

46、me time, potential partners can gain insight into what you and your company are thinking and what you might do in the future. However, the main purpose of gift-giving is to show your honor to the recipients and make them feel happy. If you keep this in mind, it will be impossible for you to give oth

47、ers inappropriate gifts, let alone insulting gifts.The basic experience in international gift-giving is: your gift had better to be manufactured in your home country. Take special care to make sure where the gift was made so as not to cause any rudeness to the recipient.8. 单选题Pall phoned that becaus

48、e of an emergency he had to _ our appointment.问题1选项A.call forthB.call downC.call forD.call off【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. call forth 引起（某物）行动或存在 B. call down 招致C. call for 要求；需要 D. call off 取消【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】前文内容为“因为紧急情况”，空格处所在部分内容为“他不得不_我们的约会”，根据句意可得，因为紧急情况的出现，他和我们的约会不得不取消比较符合逻辑。因此，D选项call off“取消”符合原句语义衔

49、接。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】Pall打电话说，因为有紧急情况他不得不取消我们的约会。9. 单选题I must remember _ John that the garden needs watering.问题1选项A.remindedB.remindingC.to remindD.to be reminded of【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. reminded 提醒（过去分词） B. reminding 提醒（现在分词）C. to remind 提醒（不定式） D. to be reminded of 被提醒（不定式）【答案】C【考查点】非谓语动词【解题思

50、路】空格处前后语义为“我必须记得（remember）_约翰花园需要浇水”，选项的动词为“提醒”。根据语义，“提醒”的主语为“我”，应该使用主动语态；由花园需要浇水可知，这件事情还没有发生。Remember to do sth表示记得要做某事；remember doing sth表示记得做了某事。原句表达的是记得要做某事，所以应该使用Remember to do sth，C选项to remind“提醒（不定式）”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项reminded“提醒（过去分词）”，非谓语动词形式不符合要求；B选项reminding“提醒（现在分词）”，非谓语动词形式不符合要求；D选项to be r

51、eminded of“被提醒（不定式）”，语态不对。【句意】我必须记得提醒约翰花园需要浇水。10. 单选题The teacher didnt believe that Ted was annoying me until she saw him in the _ act of pulling my hair.问题1选项A.publicB.opponentC.overtD.oblique【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. public 公开的；大庭广众的 B. opponent 反对者 n.C. overt 公开的；公然的 D. oblique 隐晦的【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接与形容词辨析【解题

52、思路】空格处前后语义为“老师一直不相信Ted在烦我，直到她看见他_扯我的头发。”根据语义衔接可知，此处应该为C选项overt“公开的；公然的”符合语义要求，侧重于指行为不是偷偷做的。【干扰项排除】A选项public“公开的；大庭广众的”，侧重于指面向公众的；B选项opponent“反对者”，不符合原文语义衔接；D选项oblique“隐晦的”，不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】直到老师看见Ted公然扯我的头发时，她才相信他在烦我。11. 单选题Researchers have studied the poor as individuals, as families and households, as

53、 members of poor communities, neighborhoods and regions, as products of larger poverty creating structures. They have been analyzed as victims of crime and criminals, as members of minority cultures, as passive consumers of mass culture and active producers of a “counterculture”, as participants in

54、the informal economy, as inventions of survival strategies, as an economic burden and as a reserve army of laborto mention just some of the preoccupations of poverty research.The elites, who occupy the small upper stratum within the category of the non-poor, and their functions in the emergence and

55、reproduction of poverty are as interesting and important an object for poverty research as the poor themselves. The elites have images of the poor and of poverty which shape their decisions and actions. So far, little is known about those images, except as they are sketchily portrayed in popular ste

56、reotypes. The elites may well ignore or deny the external effects of their own actions (and omissions) upon the living conditions of the poor. Many social scientists may take a very different view. As poverty emerged and was reproduced, legal frameworks were created to contain the problems it caused

57、 with profound, and largely unknown, consequences for the poor themselves. In general, political, educational and social institutions tend to ignore or even damage the interests of the poor. In constructing a physical infrastructure for transport, industry, trade and tourism, the settlements of the

58、poor are often the first to suffer or to be left standing and exposed to pollution, noise and crowding.Most important are the economic functions of poverty, as, for lack of other options the poor are forced to perform activities considered degrading or unclean. The poor are more likely to buy second

59、-hand goods and leftover foodstuffs, thus prolonging their economic utility. They are likely to use the services of low-quality doctors, teachers and lawyers whom the non-poor shy away from. Poverty and the poor serve an important symbolic function, in reminding citizens of the lot that may befall t

60、hose who do not heed the values of thrift, diligence and cleanliness, and of the constant threat that the rough, the immoral and the violent represent for the rest of society.Physically, the poor and the non-poor are kept apart, through differential land use and ghettoization. Socially, they are sep

61、arated through differential participation in the labor market, the consumption economy, and in political, social and cultural institutions. Conceptually, they are divided through stereotyping and media clich. This separation is even more pronounced between the elites and the poor.1. According to the

62、 author, studying the elites also sheds light on poverty research because _.2. While social scientists are devoting much of their effort to poverty research, _.3. In the eyes of the society, _.4. The word “pronounced” in the last sentence of the passage probably means _.5. In the passage, the author

63、 is mainly concerned with _.问题1选项A.they are also members of the same society as the poorB.they play an important role in creating and reproducing povertyC.solution of the poverty problem is at their mercyD.they know the living conditions of the poor better than other groups问题2选项A.not enough legal frameworks have