2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷46

《2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷46》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷46（46页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题This（ ）was conducted to find out how many people prefer rice.问题1选项A.examinationB.surveyC.inspectionD.test【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。examination考试；survey调查；inspection检查；test试验。句意：这项调查是为了看看有多少人更喜欢米饭。选项B符合语境。2. 单选题I hear many parents complaining that their teenage children are

2、 rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instea

3、d of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one anothers hands for courage.They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up just by listening to the same record. Their reaso

4、n for thinking or acting in this way is that the crowd is doing it.It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisement what a t

5、eenager should have and be. And many of todays parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a greater barrier for theteenager who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to

6、listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you dont care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who res

7、pect you for whom you are. Thats the only kind of popularity that really counts.1.The main purpose of this passage is to tell（）.2.According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to be themselves, but, in fact, most of them（ ）.3.According to the passage, which of the following is

8、NOT true?4.The author thinks of advertisements as（）.5.During the teenage years, one should learn to（ ）.问题1选项A.readers how to be popular with people aroundB.teenagers how to learn to decide things for themselvesC.parents how to control and guide their childrenD.people how to understand and respect ea

9、ch other问题2选项A.have much difficulty understanding each otherB.lack confidenceC.dare not cope with problems single-handedD.are very much afraid of getting lost问题3选项A.There is no popularity that really counts.B.What many parents are doing is in fact hindering their children from finding their own path

10、s.C.It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates.D.Most teenagers are not actually rebelling.问题4选项A.originalB.influentialC.detrimentalD.authoritative问题5选项A.differ from others in as many ways as possibleB.get into the right season and become popularC.find ones real

11、selfD.rebel against parents and the popularity wave【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨归纳题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是鼓励青少年独立自主，选项B最能概括全文。2.细节推理题。根据第一段最后一句“Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one anothers hands for courage.”他们中的大多数人并没有勇气自己走出去，而是紧紧抓住彼此的手寻求勇气。选项C符合原文。3.细节判断题

12、。根据本文的最后两句“Popularity will come with the people who respect you for whom you are. Thats the only kind of popularity that really counts.”可知选项A错误。4.细节推理题。根据关键词“advertisements”定位到第三段第三句“These days every teenager can learn from the advertisement what a teenager should have and be.”现在每个青少年都可以从广告中学到一个青少年应

13、该拥有什么和成为什么。所以作者认为广告对青少年的影响是相当大的。选项B正确。detrimental不利的，有害的。5.细节推断题。根据最后一段“Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. ”可知作者是鼓励青少年找寻真正的自己。选项C符合原文。3. 单选题Yangtze River flows at a width of up to 2km and an average depth of between 6 and 15m through a large plain with many lakes. This area is ( ) to severe

14、 flooding and accumulation of river sediment.问题1选项A.objectB.particularC.subjectD.prone【答案】C【解析】句意：长江流经一个有许多湖泊的大平原，这个平原宽达2公里，平均深度在6至15米之间。这个地区经常发生严重的水灾和河流泥沙淤积。object to对反对；particular特别，尤其，不与to搭配；subject to使遭受；prone to有倾向的。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题There are not many teachers who are strong（ ） of traditional meth

15、ods in English teaching.问题1选项A.sponsorsB.contributorsC.advocatesD.performers【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。sponsor赞助商；contributor贡献者，参与者；advocate拥护者，提倡者；performer表演者，执行者。句意：坚决拥护传统的英语教学方法的老师并不是很多。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题It might be supposed that greater efficiency could be achieved if several people worked together to solve

16、a problem than if only one individual works on it.Although groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there are conflicts arising among members of a group. Problem solving needs the presence of an effective leader who not only provides direction, but also permit

17、s the orderly, constructive expression of different opinions; much of the leaders effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group.Although groups may reach a greater number of correct solutions, or may require less

18、 time to discover an answer, their efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone.In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the proba

19、bility that at least some better solutions will appear. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than a

20、competent individual does. Group members may contribute different resources to a solution that no individual can achieve alone. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single issue, as in making national economic or military policies under the governments. When only one among sever

21、al solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher probability of identifying the right one than does an individual alone.1.In a group, problem solving needs（ ）.2.According to the author, it is easier for groups to reach（ ） .3.The author thinks that unrestricted suggestions

22、 can bring about（ ）.4.It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in（ ）.5.According to the author, which of the following statement is TRUE?问题1选项A.the presence of an effective leaderB.the best way to collect resourcesC.everyone to work harderD.more funds问题2选项A.mistakes they w

23、ant to makeB.the place which they want to goC.the place where they want to restD.a greater number of correct solutions问题3选项A.some troubleB.some better solutionsC.some more timeD.some more effort问题4选项A.discussing directionsB.correcting mistakesC.dealing with national problemsD.finding a problem问题5选项A

24、.A group of people may solve problems more effectively than an individual.B.The efficiency of a group is worst in the world.C.A group will not be efficient in dealing with national policies.D.Effective leaders often solve the problems themselves.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Pro

25、blem solving needs the presence of an effective leader . of different opinions.”解决问题需要一个有效的领导者，他不仅提供解决问题的方向，而且允许有序地、建设性地表达不同意见。选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第三段可知，团队可能会更容易找到很多解决问题的正确方案。选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第五段第二句“Group members may contribute different resources to a solution that no individual can achieve alone.”。

26、选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第三句“Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single issue, as in making national economic or military policies under the governments.”有时，社会需求可能需要就一个问题达成集体协议，例如在政府领导下制定国家经济或军事政策。由此推断，在处理国家问题时，团队将会更有效率，选项C符合原文。5.细节判断题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要强调的是团队合作而不是个人能力，所以只有选项A正确，其他选项均不

27、正确。6. 单选题Have you ever felt your life go into slow motion as you realize something bad is happening? You might have just knocked over a wine glass or noticed a car hurtling towards you, for example. Now scientists have measured exactly how much these attention-grabbing events slow down our perceptio

28、n of the world around us.Another example of the world appearing to slow down is when you are hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end. If your attention wanders while youre waiting, then suddenly switches back, you will probably hear what seems like a longer than usual si

29、lence before hearing the dialing tone again. For you, time will have momentarily slowed.To see how our perception of time changes when something new happens, Vincent Walsh and his colleagues put headphones on volunteers and played eight beeps to their right ears. The gap between each beep was exactl

30、y 1 second, except for the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps, which the scientists could make shorter or longer. They altered the length of this gap until the volunteers estimated it was the same length as the other gaps. The researchers found that, on average, people judge a second slightly sh

31、ort, at 955 milliseconds.In the second part of the experiment, the first four beeps were played to the subjects right ear, but the other four were then played to their left. Again, the volunteers were asked to estimate when the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps was the same as the others. This

32、time they judged a second to be even shorter as 825 milliseconds long.Perceiving a second to be much shorter than it is makes you feel as though the world has gone into slow motion, since less happens in that slice of time. Walsh thinks the effect could have evolved to give us a fraction more time t

33、o react to potentially threatening events.Last year, Kieran Yarrow, a British psychologist found a similar effect with vision. When you glance at a clock, the first second will seem longer than it really is.Yarrows results showed that time appear to slow down by a similar amount as Walsh found. Prev

34、ious studies have shown that cooling the body slows down our perception of time while warming it up has the opposite effect.1.After you noticed a car hurtling towards you, you might feel that（ ） .2.According to the passage, hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end, you mi

35、ght（ ）.3.Vincent Walsh and his colleagues did the experiment in order to（ ）.4.What have Vincent and his colleagues found through the experiment?5.From the passage we can infer that when we are hot, well feel time（ ）.问题1选项A.the world around you had slowed downB.something bad was going to happenC.life

36、 had suddenly become meaninglessD.peoples life was so fragile问题2选项A.have a high concentration of mind.B.feel very annoyed at the people on the other endC.feel time is somehow slowed downD.be unable to hear the dialing tone问题3选项A.see which ear is more sensitive to beepsB.find out the relationship bet

37、ween time and lifeC.study how time changes at the 4 and 5h beepsD.observe how peoples perception of time changes问题4选项A.The left ear of people is more sensitive than the right one.B.People judge a second to be slightly shorter than it really is.C.Research subjects are less accurate than researchers i

38、n judging a second.D.Normally a second is in fact either 955 milliseconds or 825 milliseconds.问题5选项A.runs fasterB.stops all togetherC.runs slowerD.reverses its direction【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.根据第一段的最后一句“Now scientists have measured exactly how much these attention-grabbing events slow do

39、wn our perception of the world around us.”科学家们精确地测量了这些引人注目的事件在多大程度上减慢了我们对周围世界的感知。选项A符合原文。2.根据第二段的内容可知，当你在等待电话另一端的人接电话的时候，你会觉得时间暂时慢了下来。选项C正确。3.根据第三段的第一句“To see how our perception of time changes when something new happens, Vincent Walsh and his colleagues put headphoneson volunteers and played eight

40、beeps to their right ears.”Vincent Walsh和他的同事们做实验是为了了解当新事物发生时，我们对时间的感知是如何变化的。选项D符合原文。4.Vincent和同事们做的实验，两个部分都得出一个结论，那就是人们认为一秒钟的时间比实际时间要短。选项B正确。5.根据最后一段的最后一句“Previous studies have shown that cooling the body slows down our perception of time while warming it up has the opposite effect.”以前的研究表明，给身体降温会减

41、缓我们对时间的感知，而给身体升温则会产生相反的效果，也就是会加快我们对时间的感知，认为时间比实际时间要快。选项A正确。7. 单选题It was difficult to build a power station in the deep valley, but it（ ）as we had hoped.问题1选项A.came offB.went offC.brought outD.made out【答案】A【解析】came off 举行，成功；went off爆炸，离去；brought out 出版，生产；made out理解，辨认出。句意：在深谷里建发电站是困难的，但正如我们所希望的那样成功

42、了。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they（1 ）. Yet, all living things still show the（2） of aging, which will eventually（3） death. Aging is not a disease, (but) as a person passes maturity, the cells of the

43、body and the （4） they form do not function as well as they （5） in childhood and teenage years.The body provides less （6） against disease and is more（7） to have accident. A number of related causes may （8） aging. Some cells of the body have a (fairly) long life, but they are not （9）when they die. As

44、a person ages, （10） of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. （11） body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the （12） cells may not be as workable or as capable（13） growth as those of a young person. Another （14）in aging may be changes within the cells（15）. Some of the protei

45、n chemicals in cells are known （16） with age and become less elastic. This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and （17）. This is also the reason why old people （18）in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store a

46、nd （19） information that the cells need. Aging may affect this （20） and change the information carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.问题1选项A.wouldB.be used toC.used toD.used问题2选项A.functionB.effectC.affectD.sign问题3选项A.lead inB.give inC.run intoD.result in问题4选项A.handsB

47、.feetC.heartD.organs问题5选项A.doB.has doneC.didD.had done问题6选项A.energyB.protectionC.vigorD.power问题7选项A.likelyB.probableC.possibleD.alike问题8选项A.attend toB.contribute toC.add toD.devote to问题9选项A.replacedB.rebornC.recoveredD.surrendered问题10选项A.a numberB.the amountC.the numberD.most问题11选项A.The othersB.Othe

48、rsC.AnotherD.Other问题12选项A.oldB.leftC.newD.other问题13选项A.toB.forC.ofD.in问题14选项A.factorB.effectC.reasonD.element问题15选项A.for themselvesB.of themselvesC.themselvesD.on their own问题16选项A.changeB.to have changedC.to changeD.to being changed问题17选项A.hang looseB.hangs looselyC.is hanging looselyD.is hanging lo

49、ose问题18选项A.increaseB.shrinkC.lengthenD.decrease问题19选项A.pass awayB.pass byC.pass offD.pass on问题20选项A.improvementB.processionC.approachD.process【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:C第13题:C第14题:A第15题:C第16题:C第17题:A第18题:B第19题:D第20题:D【解析】（1）根据句意：现在人们比以前活得更久。选C表示过去，以前，符合句意。be u

50、sed to习惯于，不符合句意；选项D中的不定式to不可省略。（2）名词词义辨析。function功能；effect影响，效果，作用；affect影响，为动词，填在此处不合适；sign迹象，描述静态的事物。根据上下文：所有的生物仍然表现出老化的影响。选项B符合原文语境。（3）动词词组辨析。lead in 引入，导入；give in屈服，让步；run into陷入；result in导致，结果是，根据句意：最终导致死亡，选项D符合原文。（4）上下文语义。根据上文提到的cell可知填空处入应为organ （器官），选项D符合原文。其他选项都是具体的器官。（5）语法知识。根据原文可知，为了避免重复，

51、这里用助动词代替function，根据“in childhood and teenage years.”可知时态应该为一般过去式，所以选项C正确。（6）上下文语义。根据原文，身体为抵抗疾病提供的保护也更少，选项B符合句意。（7）固定搭配。be likely to意为：倾向于，很有可能。alike相似的，不符合句意。（8）动词词组辨析。attend to注意，照料，致力于；contribute to有助于，促成，导致；add to添加，增加；devote to贡献。根据句意：许多相关的原因可能会导致衰老。选项B符合句意。（9）上下文语义。根据下文“body cells die and are r

52、eplaced by new cells”可知，此处也应该填入replaced。句意：人体中有一些细胞寿命相当长，但它们死后不会被替换。（10）语法知识。the amount of+不可数名词，the number of+可数名词，cells为可数名词，所以选项B错误；a number of指许多，the number of表示数目，所以选项C符合原文。（11）代词用法。others和the others后不能接名词，首先排除；another后接单数名词，所以本题选D，表泛指。（12）上下文语义。根据上下文内容可知，这里指上句提到的新细胞，选项C符合原文。（13）固定搭配。be capable

53、 of为固定搭配，意为能够。（14）名词词义辨析。上文提及老年人体内的新细胞可能不像年轻人的细胞那样有效的生长。这是导致人衰老的一个因素；由此推断，这里指衰老的另一个因素可能是细胞本身的变化。选项A符合原文。（15）代词用法。根据句意可知这里指细胞本身，the cells的反身代词为themselves，所以选项C正确。（16）语法知识。be known to表示“为所知”，首先排除选项A；根据句意可知该句陈述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，所以选项C正确。（17）语法知识。hang在这里是用作系动词，后面须接一个形容词作表语。描述客观事实依然用一般现在时，所以本题选A。（18）动词词义辨析。

54、根据句意：这就是为什么老人的身高会收缩的原因，选项B符合句意。（19）动词词组辨析。pass away去世；pass by经过；pass off停止；pass on传递。根据原文文义可知，这里指传递信息。选项D符合语境。（20）名词词义辨析。原文句意：衰老可能会影响这一过程，改变携带信息的分子。选项D符合语境。9. 单选题They gained great influence by（ ）themselves to prominent city institutions.问题1选项A.detachingB.assigningC.dispatchingD.attaching【答案】D【解析】固定搭

55、配。detach通常与 from搭配，意为从分离，拆卸；assign to指定到，分配给；dispatch to调度，派遣；attach to依附，附属。句意：他们通过依附于著名的城市机构获得了巨大的影响力。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题As online computer systems become more popular, televisions and computers are increasingly ( ) . Such technologies combine the capabilities of computers, television etc., and greatl

56、y expand the services that can be provided.问题1选项A.separatedB.segregatedC.integratedD.intersected【答案】C【解析】separated分开，隔开；segregated隔离，分离； integrated结合； intersected分割。句意：随着在线计算机系统变得越来越流行，电视和计算机日益融合。这些技术结合了计算机、电视等的功能，极大地扩展了所能提供的服务。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题There are a variety of ways to think about the self. Two

57、of the most widely used terms are self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept generally refers to the totality of a complex, organized, and dynamic system of learned beliefs, attitudes and opinions that people hold about themselves, while self-esteem generally refers to how we feel about or how we va

58、lue ourselves. There is a great deal of research which shows that the self-concept is, perhaps, the basis for all motivated behavior. It is the self-concept that gives rise to possible selves, and it is possible selves that create the motivation for behavior. Self-concept is related to self-esteem i

59、n that people who have good self-esteem have a clear differentiated self-concept. When people know themselves, they can maximize outcomes because they know that what they can and cannot do. It would see, then, that one way to impact self-esteem is to obey the somewhat outworn cline of “Know theyself

60、.”There are several different components of self-concept: physical, academic, social and transpersonal. The physical aspect of self-concept relates to that which is concrete: what we look like, our sex, height, weight, and what kind of clothes we wear. Our academic self-concept relates to how well w

61、e do in school or how well we learn. The social self-concept describes how we relate to other people and the transpersonal self-concept describes how we relate to other supernatural or unknown on an emotional or spiritual level.Though self-reflection, people often come to view themselves in a new, more powerful way, and it is through this new, more power way of viewing the self that people can develop possible selves. We develop and maintain our self-concept by taking action and then reflecting on what we have done and what oth