2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷18

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1、2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Theyve lifted a two-year-long economic（ ）on the country.问题1选项A.enclosureB.restrictionC.blockadeD.prohibition【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项enclosure“围墙，围场”；B选项restriction“限制，约束”；C选项blockade“包围，封锁”；D选项prohibition“禁止，禁令”。economic常和blockade搭配，意思是“经济封锁”。句意：他们解除了对该国长达两年的经济封锁。由

2、选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。2. 单选题The United Nations（ ）much to world peace and order.问题1选项A.has attributedB.have attributedC.has contributedD.have contributed【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。attributeto“把归因”，contributeto“对作贡献”。表示国家、地名等专用名词做主语时，后面谓语用单数形式，句意：联合国为世界和平与秩序做出了巨大贡献。所以本题的正确答案是C选项。3. 翻译题Translate the following text in

3、to English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.互联网是20世纪最重大的科技发明之一，将深刻地影响人类社会文明进程。目前，全世界网民数量达到30亿，普及率达到40%，全球范围内实现了网络互联、信息互通，世界真正变成了地球村。本次大会回应了国际社会的关切，对于推动全球互联网均衡、安全、可持续发展，更好发挥互联网在世界经济社会发展中的重要作用，促进各国人民共享互联网发展成果，增进人类福祉，具有十分重要的意义。【答案】The Internet, one of the most important scientific and techno

4、logical inventions of the 20th century, will have a profound impact on the progress of human civilization. At present, the number of Internet users around the world has reached 3 billion, and the Internet popularity rate has reached 40%. Internet connectivity and information exchange have been achie

5、ved around the world and the world has truly become a global village. This conference responds to the concerns of the international community and is of great significance for promoting the balance, secure and sustainable development of the global Internet, giving full play to the important role of t

6、he Internet in the worlds economic and social development, enabling people of all countries to share the fruits of Internet development and improving the well-being of mankind.4. 单选题What type of automobile would you buy（ ）?问题1选项A.if you have free choice to choose the cars available todayB.If you are

7、 free to choose among all the cars available todayC.If all cars available was free to be chosen by youD.If you were free to choose among all the cars available today【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据题干主句What type of automobile would you buy，得知if引导的条件状语从句要用虚拟语气。主语谓语形式是would+动词原形，句子是对现在的虚拟。If条件状语从句应该用动词的过去式(be动词用were

8、而不用was)，所以D选项符合题意。句意：如果你可以在所有的汽车中自由选择，你会买什么类型的汽车？因此，本题的正确选项是D选项。5. 单选题All the parts of the washing machine are（ ）, so that it is very convenient to replace them.问题1选项A.normalizedB.standardizedC.mechanizedD.modernized【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项normalize“正常化，常规化，规格化”；B选项standardize “标准化，使标准化”；C选项mechanize“使机械

9、化，机械化”；D选项modernize“使现代化”，句意：这台洗衣机的所有零件都标准化了，所以要更换它们很方便。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。6. 单选题There seemed little hope that the explorer,（ ）by his guide, would find his way through the jungle.问题1选项A.having been desertedB.having desertedC.to have been desertedD.to be deserted【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词desert和主语explorer是被

10、动关系，B选项having desert“抛弃”表示主动，所以B选项排除，C选项to have been deserted 和D选项to be deserted都表示“将要被抛弃”，A选项having been deserted相当于who had been deserted，用来修饰explorer，表示现在已经被抛弃。句意：那位探险家被向导遗弃后，要找到穿过丛林的路似乎没有什么希望了。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。7. 单选题（ ）, the girl ran out of the room.问题1选项A.Having tears in her eyes and turned sudd

11、enlyB.With a sudden turn, tearful eyesC.With tears in her eyes and suddenly turningD.Turning suddenly, with tears in her eyes【答案】D【解析】考查伴随状语，女孩应该是先转身然后再跑出房间，B、C选项都是伴随状语，B选项应该还有and连接才是对的，应该改为with a sudden turn and tearful eyes，C选项应该改为with tears in her eyes and a sudden turn。综上所述，D选项正确。8. 单选题My boss o

12、rdered that the legal documents（ ）to him before lunch.问题1选项A.be sentB.were sentC.were to be sentD.must be sent【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。表示“建议，要求，命令”有关的单词+that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句谓语动词要虚拟语气，其形式是should+动词原形（should可以省略）。另外，文件和送达的关系应该是被动，所以要用到被动语态。句意：我的老板要求在午饭前把法律文件交给他。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。9. 单选题It is（ ）to expect an adult rea

13、ction from a child.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.effectiveC.irrationalD.farcical【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prospective“未来的，预期的”；B选项effective“有效的，实际的”；C选项irrational“不合理的”；D选项farcical“滑稽的，闹剧的，引人发笑的”。句意：指望一个孩子做出成年人的反应是不合理的。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。10. 单选题She must have been pretty（ ）to fall for such an old trick.问题1选项A.intere

14、stedB.gullibleC.enthusiasticD.shrewd【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项interested“感兴趣的”；B选项gullible“易受骗的，轻信的”；C选项enthusiastic“热情的”；D选项shrewd“精明的，狡猾的”。句意：她太容易上当受骗了，才落入这样的老圈套。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。11. 单选题Correct ideas are not（ ）in the mind, but come from social practice.问题1选项A.learnedB.friendlyC.impartedD.innate【答案】D【解

15、析】考查形容词辨析。A选项learned“博学的，有学问的”；B选项friendly“友好的，亲切的”；C选项imparted“给予的，授予的”；D选项innate“先天的，固有的”，句意：正确的思想不是头脑中固有的，而是来源于社会实践。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。12. 单选题What he said in the meeting（ ）everybody present.问题1选项A.repelledB.dismissedC.disposedD.eliminated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项repel“抵制，使厌恶”；B选项dismiss“解散，不予考虑”；C选项dis

16、pose“处理，处置”；D选项eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：他说的话令在场的所有人厌恶。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。13. 单选题An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately（ ）from Marathon to Athens.问题1选项A.distanceB.the distance isC.the distanceD.is the distance【答案】B【解析】考查同位语。approximately the distance from Marathon to Athens是26 miles

17、and 385 yards的同位语，因此C项“the distance”；为正确答案。这个距离特指从马拉松到雅典的距离，所以要加定冠词the，C正确，A排除。填入B，D选项逗号后面都是一个完整的句子，但是approximately是一个副词，不可以连接两个句子，故排除。句意：奥林匹克马拉松是26英里385码，距离大约是从马拉松到雅典。所以本题的正确答案是B选项。14. 单选题The ideal companion machine the computer would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be progra

18、mmed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be imitated as closely as possible, and the machine would appear to be charming, and easygoing. Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would

19、 remain slightly unpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intonate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and o

20、pinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know anothe

21、r. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful

22、, well-timed friendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer as far more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.An artificial relationship of this type would provide many of the benefits that people obtain from interpersonal friendships. The machine w

23、ould participate in interesting conversation that could continue from previous discussions. It would have a familiarity with the users life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computers own personality would be lively and impressive, and it would devel

24、op in response to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.1. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the ideal companion machine?2. The computer would develop friendships with humans in a (n)（ ）way.3. Which of the following a

25、spects is NOT mentioned when the passage discusses the benefits of artificial relationships?4. Throughout the passage, the author is （ ）in his attitude towards the computer.5. Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?问题1选项A.Active in communicationB.Attractive in personalityC.Enjoyabl

26、e in performanceD.Unpredictable in behaviour问题2选项A.quickB.unpredictableC.productiveD.inconspicuous问题3选项A.Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.B.Being sensitive to earlier contact.C.Being ready to learn about the persons life.D.Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.问题4选项A.favourabl

27、eB.criticalC.vagueD.hesitant问题5选项A.Artificial relationshipsB.How to form intimate relationshipsC.The affectionate machineD.Humans and computers【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：以下那个选项不是理想陪伴机器的特征？根据关键词“ideal companion machine”，可以定位到文章第一段，由第一段第三句话Its informal conversational style would make

28、interaction comfortable（它随意的谈话风格会让互动变得舒适），可知A选项“积极地沟通”，符合题意；由第一段最后一句话it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.（它有时会主动开展或改变话题，并有自己的个性。），可知B选项“个性有吸引力”，符合题意；由第一段第二句话Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyabl

29、e would be imitated as closely as possible, and the machine would appear to be charming, and easygoing.（机器会尽可能地模仿那些使与他人互动变得愉快的品质，迷人而又随和。），可知C选项“表现上使人愉悦”，符合题意。由第一段第三句话the machine would remain slightly unpredictable（机器行为可以预知），要注意限定词slightly“微小地”的使用。所以D选项“行为不可预知”，表述错误。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。2.事实细节题。题干：机器会以_的

30、方式发展和人类的友情。由题干定位到文章第二段第三句话The whole process would be accomplished in a subtle way to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely to produce irritation.（整个过程将以一种微妙的方式完成，以避免给人留下过分熟悉的印象而产生愤怒。），可知友谊建立的过程是一个细微的、难以察觉的过程，所以D选项“难以察觉的，不引人注意的”，符合题意。A选项“迅速的”，B选项“不可预测的”，C选项“富有成效的”，均不符合题意

31、。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。3.事实细节题。题干：当文章讨论人工关系的好处时，下面哪个方面没有提到?由题干定位到文章最后一段，由最后一段第二句话The machine would participate in interesting conversation that could continue from previous discussions.（机器会参与到一段有趣的对话中，接上之前的讨论），可知A选项“能接起一段有趣的对话”，是人工关系的好处之一；由最后一段倒数第二句话The computers own personality would be lively and impre

32、ssive, and it would develop in response to that of the user.（计算机本身个性活泼，令人印象深刻，它将根据用户的个性给予回应。），可知D选项“个性开朗、适应能力强”，符合题意；由最后一段第三句话It would have a familiarity with the users life as revealed in earlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored.（就像早期接触显示的那样，它对用户的生活有一种熟悉感，它也善解人意，幽默风趣。），可知C选项“

33、学习人类的日常生活”，表述正确，而B选项“对之前的接触敏感”，表达的意思不符合，属于对这句话的断章取义，所以B选项不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。4.观点态度题。题干：在全文中，作者对计算机的态度是_。从文章最后一句With features such as these, the machine might indeed become a very attractive social partner.（有了这些功能，这台机器可能真的会成为一个非常有吸引力的社交伙伴。），可以看出作者对计算机的态度是赞许的，文章中也多次使用了褒义形容词:ideal, friendly, enjoyabl

34、e, benefits, good-humored等等，所以本题应该选择A选项“赞许的”；B选项“批评的”，C选项“模糊的”，D选项“犹豫的”，都不是作者对计算机的态度。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。5.主旨大意题。题干：哪一个可能是这篇文章最合适的标题？文章第一段表明电脑是理想的陪伴机器，与它交流会感到幽默轻松，它还能有自己的观点和建议。第二段文中提到了电脑会以一种不令人察觉的方式使人类接受这段友情。第三段提到电脑的人类的关系有各种各样的好处。综合整篇文章，可见电脑和人之间的友情，所以C选项“深情的机器”，比较贴合题意；B选项“如何形成亲密的关系”，整篇文章都在描述机器人和人类的关系，而

35、B选项内容文章中没有涉及，所以排除。A选项“人工关系”和D选项“人类和电脑”，涉及的面广泛，文章没有全面说明。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。15. 单选题Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical（ ）.问题1选项A.obligationsB.regulationsC.observationsD.considerations【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项obligation“义务，债务”；B选项regulation“条例，规程”；

36、C选项observation“观察”；D选项consideration“考虑，注意事项”。句意：建筑虽然具有艺术性，但它也必须满足一些重要的实用性考虑。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。16. 单选题That was not the first time he（ ）us. I think its high time we（ ）strong actions against him.问题1选项A.betrayedtakeB.had betrayedtookC.has betrayedtookD.has betrayedtake【答案】B【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。当句子里有序数词first/s

37、econd/third.、副词only或最高级best/worst/most的时候，后面的定语从句要用完成时态。例如：It is one of the most interesting books Ive ever read(这是我看过的最有趣的书之一。)，因为that was not句子是过去时，这里应该用过去完成时：had betrayed。Its (high) time（是做的时候了），后面的句子要用谓语要用过去时或者should+动词原形，表示虚拟语气，所以这里要用took。句意：这已经不是他第一次背叛我们了，是我们采取强有力的行动对抗他的时候了。所以本题的正确答案是B选项。17. 单

38、选题Until then, his family（ ）from him for six years.问题1选项A.didnt hearB.hasnt been hearingC.hadnt heardD.hasnt heard【答案】C【解析】考查时态。题干中有关键的时间状语until then以及for six months提示谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时，表示过去已经发生的事情。句意：直到那时，他家里已经六个月没收到他的来信了。A选项 didn hear,一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,不能与时间状语for six months，A选项排除，

39、连用.B)hasn t been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C选项hasn t heard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。由选项意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C选项符合句意。18. 单选题If it（ ）tomorrow, the match would be put off.问题1选项A.were to rainB.was to rainC.was rainingD.had rained【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。If引导

40、条件状语从句，句子用虚拟语气。对将来情况的虚拟，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形，从句用if+主语+did/were to do/should do，所以本题应该选A选项“were to rain”，正确。19. 单选题The priest made the（ ）of the cross when he entered the church.问题1选项A.markB.signalC.signD.gesture【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项mark“标志，记号”；B选项signal“信号，暗号”；C选项sign“符号，记号，手势”；D选项gesture“姿

41、态，手势”。四个词中，只有sign可与“cross（十字）”搭配，the sign of the cross表示“一个十字符号”。例如：to consecrate with the sign of the cross（划十字祝福）。句意：当他进入教堂时神父画了个十字。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。20. 单选题The job of a student accommodation officer（ ）a great many visits to landladies.问题1选项A.concernsB.offersC.asksD.involves【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。考查动词辨析。A选项concern“关系到，涉及”，搭配是sth. concern sb.表示“某事关系到某人”；B选项offer“提供，给予”；C选项ask“询问，邀请”；D选项involve“包含，涉及”。句意：学生宿舍管理人员的工作包括经常拜访女房东。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。