2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第77期

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1、2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Mos

2、t fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course

3、, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in c

4、ase our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as

5、 outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War II, the

6、y dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you l

7、ike or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumsta

8、nces and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a nightclub. However, you need never feel de

9、pressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that no one else does either!1. In the opening paragraph, the author thinks that people are（ ）.2. Fashion magazines and TV advertisement seem to link fashion to（ ）.3. According to the author, causes of fashions are

10、（ ）.4. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ）.5. The last paragraph most probably denotes that（ ）.问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearancetB.concerned about appearance in old agetC.far from neglecting what is in fashiontD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashiont问题2选项A.

11、confidence in lifetB.personal dresstC.individual hair styletD.personal futuret问题3选项A.uniformtB.variedtC.unknowntD.inexplicablet问题4选项A.uniformitytB.formalitytC.informalitytD.diversityt问题5选项A.care about appearance in formal situationstB.fashion in formal and informal situationstC.ignoring appearance i

12、n informal situationstD.ignoring appearance in all situations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题干意思是“在第一段中，作者认为人是”。根据题干定位到第一段，Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are（我们中很少有人能满足于接受自己本来的样子）可知A项“对自己的外表感到满意”错误；How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we

13、are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life.（在我们十几岁或二十出头的时候，我们比生命中的任何时候都更担心我们的外表以及我们在别人眼中的形象）可知，人们在年轻的时候最关注外表，故B项“老年时关心外表”表述不准确；few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion（也很少有人有足够的勇气忽视流行趋势）可知，C项“远远没有忽视什么是时尚”正确，而D项“不愿跟随时尚潮流”正好与原文相反。因此，该题选择C项正确。第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“时尚杂志和

14、电视广告似乎把时尚和联系了起来”。根据文章第二段第二句If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment.（他们告诉我们，如果我们这样做，我们就能自信地认识新朋友，从容自信地应对各种情况）可知，时尚杂志和电视广告把时尚和自信联系在了一起，故A项“生活中的自信”正确。B项“个人服装”和C项“个人发型”是属于时尚的具体方面，不符合题意；D项“个人的未来”属于无中生有。

15、因此，该题选择A项正确。第3题:细节事实题。题干意思是“根据作者的观点，时尚的原因是”。根据文章第三段第一句What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion.（是什么导致了时尚的变化？有时，便利、实际需要或仅仅是一个有影响力的人的幻想就可以建立一种时尚），由此可知导致时尚的原因有很多种，所以B项“多种多样”符合题意。A项“统一”、C项“未知”和D项“令人费解”

16、均不符合。因此，该题选择B项正确。第4题:推理判断题。题干意思是“当今社会更加自由和容易，因为它强调”。根据第五段第二句Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（在合理的范围内，你可以穿你喜欢的衣服或做你喜欢的发型，而不是你应该的方式，因为这是时尚）可知，时尚就是自己可以穿自己喜欢的服装和发型，按照自己喜欢的方式来，由此可推断当今社会更加自由和容易是因为它强调非拘谨性，故C项“

17、不拘礼节”正确。B项“拘谨性”与原文相反；A项“均匀性”未提及；D项“多样性”，这是导致时尚的原因。因此，该题选择C项正确。第5题:推理判断题。题干意思是“最后一段很可能表示”。最后一段第一句提到At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，然后我们必须仔细选择我们的衣服），接着举了两个例子加以说明在一些正式的场合中应该选择合适的衣服，所以A项“在正式场合要注重仪表”符

18、合题意。B项“正式和非正式场合的时尚”，最后一段没有做出正式和非正式场合的对比；C项“在非正式场合忽视外表”，这是断章取义；D项“在任何情况下都忽视外表”与原文不符。因此，该题选择A项正确。2. 单选题What goes on in the mind of a one-year-old child is anyones guess.问题1选项A.unknownB.what anybody can guess?C.known to allD.nothing new【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。anyones guess表示“任何人的猜测”；A项unknown“不知道的”，B项what anyb

19、ody can guess?“大家能猜出什么？”，C项known to all“人尽皆知”，D项nothing new“屡见不鲜，了无新意”。句意：谁都不知道一个一岁的孩子在想什么。根据句意可知，anyones guess在句子中表示“谁也不知道”；故该题选择A项正确。3. 单选题A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can（ ）hundreds of different smells.问题1选项A.nominateB.dominateC.eliminateD.discriminate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项nominate

20、“推荐，提名”，B项dominate“控制，支配”，C项eliminate“消除，排除”，D项discriminate“歧视，区别”。根据关键词sensitive nose（敏感的鼻子）和different smells（不同的气味）可知，只有D项符合。句意：一个法国人拥有异常灵敏的鼻子，可以辨别数百种不同的气味。因此，该题选择D项正确。4. 单选题The court held the parents accountable for the minor childs acts of violence.问题1选项A.responsible forB.indifferent toC.despera

21、te forD.involved in【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。accountable for表示“负责，对应负责任”；A项responsible for“对负责任”，B项indifferent to“对冷漠”，C项desperate for“渴望”，D项involved in“涉及，包含”。句意：法院要求父母对未成年孩子的暴力行为负责。根据句意可知A项正确。5. 单选题Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.问题1选项A.abundantB.controver

22、sialC.conduciveD.convincing【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。substantial表示“大量的，实质的”；A项abundant“丰富的，充裕的”，B项controversial“有争议的，有争论的”，C项conducive“有益的，有助于的”，D项convincing“令人信服的”。句意：科学家们已经取得了足以消除我们对转基因食品恐惧的重大发现。根据前面的findings（发现）可知只有D项的意思与划线部分的意思相近，所以D项正确。6. 单选题A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best（ ）the soils on his

23、 farm.问题1选项A.accustomed toB.committed toC.applied toD.suited to【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A项accustom to“习惯于”，B项commit to“把投入，交付”，C项apply to“适用于，应用于”，D项suit to“适合于”。句意：农民必须了解最适合他农场土壤的作物种类。四个选项中，只有suit to最合适；因此，该题D项正确。7. 单选题Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.问题1选项A.accessingB.cutt

24、ingC.elevatingD.altering【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。slash表示“猛砍，削减”；A项access“进入，使用”，B项cut“切断”，C项elevate“提升，举起”，D项alter“改变，更改”。句意：这些古董市场的顾客很擅长砍价。根据句意可知B项正确。8. 单选题Strangely enough, an old man（ ）me and introduced himself, who turned out to be a friend of my fathers.问题1选项A.stood up toB.walked up toC.lived up toD.add

25、ed up to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A项stand up to“经得起，抵抗”，B项walk up to“走近，走向”，C项live up to“不辜负，做到”，D项add up to“合计达，总共达”；根据空格前后关键词an old man（老人）和introduce himself（介绍他自己）可推断，空格部分表示“向我走进”。句意：奇怪的是，一个老人走到我面前并做了自我介绍，原来是我父亲的朋友。因此，该题选择B项正确。9. 单选题If you hold on to a winning attitude, youll make a greater effort and also

26、 create positive momentum.问题1选项A.influenceB.strengthC.outlookD.consequence【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。momentum表示“动量，动力”；A项influence“影响”，B项strength“力量，力气”，C项outlook“展望，态度，观点”，D项consequence“结果”。句意：如果你坚持一种必胜的态度，你就会做出更大的努力，也会创造积极的势头。根据句意可知B项正确。10. 单选题There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when a previous r

27、ecord or performance is surpassed.问题1选项A.exceeded tB.matched tC.maintained tD.announced【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。surpass表示“超越，胜过”；A项exceed“超过”，B项match“相配，比得上”，C项maintain“维持，主张”，D项announce“宣布”。句意：在奥运会上，当以前的记录或成绩被超越时，总是令人激动不已。根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。11. 单选题These ancient ruins are the only memory left of a mighty king.问

28、题1选项A.greedyB.powerfulC.sternD.hasty【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。mighty表示“有力的，强有力的”；A项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”，B项powerful“有力的”，C项stern“严厉的，坚定的”，D项hasty“轻率的，匆忙的”。句意：这些古老的废墟是一个强大的国王仅存的记忆。根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。12. 翻译题中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。一方面是生产规模在不断扩大，消耗更多的能源；另一方面是缺少能高效利用能源的生产设备。这迫使我们思考如何为后人留下足够的环境空间以使他们实现他们的愿望。【答案】答：The limited

29、 natural resources on which Chinas sustainable development depends are declining sharply. On the one hand, the expanding scale of production leads to increased consumption of energy. On the other hand, the production facilities which using energy efficiently are lacking. This forces us to think abou

30、t how to leave enough environmental space for future generations to realize their aspirations.13. 单选题Some teenagers are so crazy about video games as to play them many hours（ ）, if possible.问题1选项A.on purposeB.on handC.on creditD.on end【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A项on purpose“有目的地，故意地”，B项on hand“在手边，即将发生”，C项on c

31、redit“赊账”，D项on end“连续地，竖着”。空格前面提到“有些青少年对电子游戏如此着迷，以至于玩了好几个小时”，由此可知空格部分表示“时间上持续地，连续地”。句意：一些青少年对电子游戏如此着迷，如果可能的话，他们会连续玩上几个小时。因此，该题选择D项正确。14. 单选题Their claims to damages have not been convincingly（ ）.问题1选项A.refutedB.overwhelmedC.depressedD.intimidated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项refute“反驳，驳斥”，B项overwhelm“淹没，压倒”，C项de

32、press“压抑，使沮丧”，D项intimidate“恐吓，威胁”。根据句子意思“他们对损害赔偿的要求还没有被令人信服地（ ）”可知，空格部分填入refute表示“驳倒”最符合句意。句意：他们提出的损害赔偿要求没有被有说服力地驳倒。因此，该题选择A项正确。15. 单选题A membership card（ ）the holder to use the clubs facilities for a period of twelve months.问题1选项A.approvesB.authorizesC.rectifiesD.endows【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项approve“同意，赞

33、成”，B项authorize“授权，认可”，C项rectify“纠正，改正”，D项endow“赋予，捐赠”。根据句子关键词membership card（会员卡）可知，空格部分表示“授权”，只有B项符合。句意：持卡人有权使用俱乐部的设施12个月。因此，该题选择B项正确。16. 问答题In dealing with a student who is acting aggressively toward his classmates, you want to send a strong message that aggressive behavior will not be tolerated i

34、n your classroom. In addition, you want to help him develop more appropriate ways of settling disputes with his peers.If two elementary school students are engaged in a fight, use a strong loud voice to stop it. If that doesnt work, you might say something odd (“Look up! The ceiling is falling!”) to

35、 divert their attention. If they still dont stop and you cant separate them, send a student to the office to get help. If a crowd of children is gathering, insist that they move away or sit down, perhaps clapping your hands to get their attention: (1) After the incident is over, meet with the combat

36、ants together so they can give you their versions of what happened and you can help them resolve any lingering problems. Also notify the parents.Speak in a firm, no-nonsense manner to stop a students aggressive behavior: use physical restraint as a last resort. When responding to the student, pay at

37、tention to your verbal as well as non-verbal language. Even if he is yelling at you, stay calm. Allow him to express what he is upset about without interrupting him and then acknowledge his feelings. Avoid crossing your arms, pointing a finger or making threats: (2) any of those actions could intens

38、ify his anger and stiffen his resistance.You might conclude that a students aggressive behavior warrants separating him from the rest of the class, either to send him a strong message that what he did merits a serious consequence or to protect the other students. You can do that by giving him a time

39、 out in class or by sending him to the office.Although he might expect you to react (3) punitively, surprise him by reacting supportively. Express your confidence that he can resolve problems without being hurtful to his peers. Tell him that you think he must be upset about something to lose control

40、 as he did and you want to understand what might be bothering him. If he does open up to you, listen attentively without interrupting. (4) Speaking in a calm voice, tell him that you understand why he was upset, but stress that he has to find a way to express his anger with words rather than with hi

41、s hands.You dont want to force an aggressive student to say he is sorry because that might fuel his anger, however, you do want to strongly encourage him to make amends with the student he hit. (5) If he is willing to do that, it will help soothe hurt feelings and avoid future conflicts.【答案】答：1.You

42、need to chat with combatants engaged in the fight soon afterwards, to know the detailed description of incidents and help to reconcile the both side, and inform their parents.2.Any critical speech and activity will intensify aggressive students anger and stiffen his resistance.3.involving punishment

43、4.Speaking to him calmly to tell your understanding about his upset, you stress that he should learn to express intense emotion with words rather than with fighting ways.5.Once an aggressive student is willing to say sorry without instruction, it will help sooth others hurt feeling and avoid future

44、conflicts.【解析】1.原文句意是：事件结束后，与打架的双方学生见面，让他们告诉你发生了什么，帮助他们化解相互之间的矛盾，同时还要通知家长。通过分析原文句子，该句的意思是两层：一是在打架后和学生谈话并了解情况，二是通知家长。故该句子可以改写为You need to chat with combatants engaged in the fight soon afterwards, to know the detailed description of incidents and help to reconcile the both side, and inform their pare

45、nts（你需要和打架同学交谈，了解事件的详情，帮助调解双方，并告知他们的父母）。2.原文句意是：任何这些行为都可能加剧他的愤怒和加强他的抵抗。根据原文可知原句中的those actions指的是上文所提到的行为，上文提到Even if he is yelling at you, stay calm.（即使他对你大喊大叫，你也要保持冷静）和Avoid crossing your arms, pointing a finger or making threats（避免交叉双臂，用手指或威胁），由此可知，those actions指的是言语和动作上的行为，所以该句可以扩充改写为Any critica

46、l speech and activity will intensify aggressive students anger and stiffen his resistance（任何批评性的言论和活动都会加剧好斗学生的愤怒，加强他们的反抗）。3.原文中这个词语的意思是“惩罚地”；整个句子的意思是：虽然他可能期望你的反应是惩罚性的，但让他惊讶的是你的反应是支持的。这里可以把punitively副词形式改写为非谓语动词形式involving punishment（设计惩罚）。4.原文句意是：用平静的声音告诉他，你理解他为什么难过，但强调他必须用语言来表达愤怒，而不是用手。原文的clam（冷静的）

47、可以改为副词，即calmly（冷静地）；anger（愤怒）可以换一种说法，即intense emotion（强烈的感情）；那么整个句子就是Speaking to him calmly to tell your understanding about his upset, you stress that he should learn to express intense emotion with words rather than with fighting ways（平静地和他说话，告诉他你理解他的难过，强调他应该学会用语言而不是用争斗的方式表达强烈的情感）。5.原文句意是：如果他愿意这样做

48、，这将有助于安抚受伤的感情，避免未来的冲突。这个句子我们要理解原句中that所指代的内容；原文最后一段第一句提到you do want to strongly encourage him to make amends with the student he hit.（你确实想要强烈鼓励他向他打过的学生赔罪），由此可知，that所指代的内容就是鼓励学生道歉；那么这个句子可以解释为Once an aggressive student is willing to say sorry without instruction, it will help sooth others hurt feeling

49、 and avoid future conflicts（一旦一个好斗的学生愿意在没有得到指导的情况下说对不起，这将有助于缓解他人受到的伤害，避免未来的冲突）。17. 单选题As（ ）China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.问题1选项A.in the light ofB.in the event ofC.in the case ofD.in the course of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A项in the l

50、ight of“根据，鉴于”，B项in the event of“万一，如果”，C项in the case of“在情况下，在方面”，D项in the course of“在过程中”；根据句子语意“就中国和其他新兴出口大国，加强反腐败活动的努力正在获得势头”可知，C项符合语境。句意：就中国和其他新兴出口大国方面来说，加强反腐败活动的努力正在获得势头。因此，该题选择C项正确。18. 单选题It was（ ）that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.问题1选项A.addictedB.allegedC.assaultedD.a

51、scribed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项addict“使沉迷，使上瘾”，B项allege“宣称，断言”，C项assault“攻击，袭击”，D项ascribe“归因于，归咎于”。根据后面的句子the restaurant discriminated against black customers（这家餐馆歧视黑人顾客），结合前面的it bethat句型，空格部分应该表示“据说，据宣称”。句意：据说那家餐馆歧视黑人顾客。故该题选择B项正确。19. 单选题We are（ ）faced with the necessary to recognize that having more peop

52、le implies a low standard of living.问题1选项A.readilyB.smoothlyC.inevitablyD.deliberately【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A项readily“容易地，乐意地”，B项smoothly“平稳地，平滑地”，C项inevitably“不可避免地”，D项deliberately“故意地”。根据关键词with the necessary to（有必要）可知，空格部分填入inevitably最合适。句意：我们不可避免地必须要认识到人越多生活水平越低。因此，该题选择C项正确。20. 单选题If a person talks ab

53、out his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of（ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A项persuasion“说服”，B项remedy“补救，解决办法”，C项encouragement“鼓励”，D项compromise“妥协，和解”。根据句子意思“如果一个人谈论他的缺点，他的听众可能会用（ ）的方式说些什么”，句子中有一个关键词weak points（弱点），可以推断有弱点的人希望听到别人的鼓励。句意：如果一个人谈论他的缺点，他的听众应该说一些鼓励的话。因此，该题选择C项正确。