2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第91期

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1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The speaker announced that the President would convene his top aides for the regular meeting but he didnt （ ）the time and place.问题1选项A.designateB.denoteC.manifestD.specify【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: designate “指定”；B: donate “捐赠”；C: manifest “证明，显示”；D: ; specify “详

2、细说明”。句意：发言人声称总统将召集他的高级副官举行定期会议，但是他并没有详细说明时间和地点。结合句意可知D为正确答案。2. 单选题You dont have to install this radio in your new car, its an（ ）extra.问题1选项A.excessiveB.optionalC.additionalD.arbitrary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析题。A选项 excessive “过多的，过分的，额外的”；B选项 optional “可选择的，随意的”；C选项 additional “另外的，附加的，额外的”；D选项 arbitrary “任意的

3、，武断的，独裁的”。句意：你不一定非得在新车上安装收音机，它是可选的配件。结合此处语义，B选项正确。3. 单选题He had（ ）to be here at ten oclock, but because of a traffic accident, he didnt show up until midnight.问题1选项A.overtakenB.undertakenC.guaranteedD.warranted【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: overtake “赶上”；B: undertake “承担”；C: guarantee “保证”；D: warrant “担保”。句意：他

4、承诺十一点到这里，但是由于出了车祸，他直到午夜才出现。结合句意，答案为选项C。4. 单选题The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally（ ）because of the bad weather.问题1选项A.set offB.broke offC.worn offD.called off【答案】D【解析】考查词组。A: set off “出发；（使）开始” ；B: broke off “突然停止”；C: worn off“磨损”；D: called off“取消”。句意：原定于上星期五举行的运动会，由于天

5、气不好，最终取消。结合语境，可知D为正确答案。5. 单选题The man to whom we handed the forms pointed out that they had not been（ ）filled in.问题1选项A.consequentlyB.regularC.comprehensivelyD.properly【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A: consequently “因此”；B: regular “常规的”；C: comprehensively “包括地”；D: properly “恰当地；合适地”。句意：我们把表格交给那人，那人指出表格填得不合适。因此D符合

6、题意。6. 单选题The mayor is a woman with great and（ ）,therefore deserves our political and financial support.问题1选项A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 intention “意图，目的”；B选项 instinct “本能，天性”；C选项 integrity “正直，完整”；D选项 intensity “剧烈，强度”。句意：市长是一位十分正直的女性，所以值得我们给予政治和经济上的支持。A，B和D项不与wi

7、th搭配，结合句意，C选项正确。7. 单选题Cheques have largely replaced money as a means of exchange, for they are widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very（1）for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite（2）in themselves. A shop-keeper always runs a certain

8、（3）when he accepts, a cheque and he is quite（4）, his rights if,（5）, he refuses to do so.People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called（6）. An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant（7）. He went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a la

9、rge（8）of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces.After examining several trays, he（9）to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay（10）cheque. The assistant said that this was quite（11）, but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manag

10、ers office.The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with（12）the same name had presented them with a（13）cheque not long ago. He told my friend that the police would arrive（14）any moment and he had better stay（15）he wanted to get into serious trouble.（16）, the police arrived on after

11、wards. They apologized to my friend for the（17）and asked him to（18）a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The note（19）.“I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.”（20），my friends handwriting was quite unlike the thieves.问题1选项A.complicate

12、dB.trivialC.bearableD.convenient问题2选项A.valuelessB.invaluableC.valuableD.indefinite问题3选项A.dangerB.changeC.riskD.opportunity问题4选项A.withinB.beyondC.withoutD.out of问题5选项A.in generalB.at the leastC.on occasionD.in short问题6选项A.in difficultyB.in doubtC.in earnestD.in question问题7选项A.accidentB.experienceC.ev

13、entD.incident问题8选项A.amountB.stockC.numberD.store问题9选项A.consideredB.thoughtC.conceivedD.decided问题10选项A.byB.inC.withD.through问题11选项A.in orderB.in needC.in useD.in common问题12选项A.largelyB.mostlyC.exactlyD.extremely问题13选项A.worthB.worthyC.worthwhileD.worthless问题14选项A.forB.atC.untilD.during问题15选项A.whetherB

14、.ifC.otherwiseD.unless问题16选项A.ReallyB.Sure enoughC.CertainlyD.However问题17选项A.treatmentB.mannerC.inconvenienceD.behavior问题18选项A.write offB.write outC.copy outD.make out问题19选项A.readB.toldC.wroteD.informed问题20选项A.EspeciallyB.FortunatelyC.NaturallyD.Basically【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C第6题:D第7题:B第8题:B第

15、9题:D第10题:A第11题:A第12题:C第13题:D第14题:B第15题:D第16题:B第17题:C第18题:C第19题:A第20题:B【解析】1.考查逻辑词义搭配。complicated “复杂的”;trivial “碎的，无足轻重的”；bearable “可忍受的”; convenient “方便的”。 前文提及支票不受地域限制，因此，此处表达“支票对买者和卖者均很方便”，故正确答案为D。2.考查词义搭配。valueless “无价值的”；invaluable“无价的”； valuable “有价值的”; indefinite “不确定的；无限的”。从上下文来看，最符合语境句意的选项为

16、B。3.考查固定搭配。run a risk “冒风险”，因此正确选项为C。4.考查固定搭配。within ones right “有权；在某人的权限内”，因此正确选项为A。5.考查逻辑搭配。in general “ 一般来说 ”；at the least “至少 ”；on occasion “偶尔”；in short “总之”。 句意大概是： 如果他偶尔拒绝接受支票，他也是完全有权这样做的。从上下文来看，最符合语境句意的选项为C。6.考查固定搭配。call sth. in question “对表示怀疑”，因此正确选项为D。7.考查词义搭配。accident “事故”； experience“

17、经验”；event “重大事件”；incident “事件，事变”。 have an extremely unpleasant experience表示“有一次非常不愉快的经历”。因此最佳答案为B。8.考查词义搭配。keep a large stock of “备有大量的现货供应”，因此答案为B。9.考查词义搭配。decide后可接不定式，consider后接动名词，think后面不接不定式，conceive后不接不定式。结合语境和句意，答案为D。10.考查固定搭配。pay by cheque “用支票支付”，因此正确选项为A。11.考查固定搭配。be in order 符合程序；就绪”，因此

18、正确选项为A。12.考查副词。largely“主要地”； mostly “主要地；通常；多半地”； exactly“恰好地；正是；精确地；正确地”； extremely“非常，极其；极端地”。根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案。13.考查词义搭配。worthless表示“毫无价值的”。根据语篇意思，最佳选项为D。14.考查固定搭配。at any moment “即刻，随时”，因此正确选项为B。15.考查逻辑搭配。whether“是否；不论”； if“如果，是否”； otherwise“其他；如果不；然后；否则”； unless “除非；如果不”。本句句意：当他起身要走的时候经理告诉他，警察随时会来。

19、如果他不想招惹麻烦的话，最好在这儿待一会儿。根据语境，最佳答案为D。16.考查逻辑搭配。really “真正地，实在”； sure enough “果然，果然不出所料”；certainly “当然，肯定，确实”； however “然而”。根据语境，最佳答案为B。17.考查词义搭配。treatment “对待，处理”； manner “（做事情的）方法，方式”； inconvenience “不便，麻烦”； behavior “举止，品行”。根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案。18.考查词组。write off “报废，购销（债务）”； write out“开出（药方，支票等）”； copy out

20、“抄写”； make out“弄懂，辨认，开出（支票，药方）”。根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案。19.考查惯用搭配。read此处意为“上面写道”。根据语境及句意，A为最佳答案。20.考查逻辑搭配。Especially “特别；尤其；格外”； Fortunately “幸运地”； Naturally “自然地”； Basically “主要地，基本上”。本句大意：很幸运，我朋友的笔迹与诈骗犯的笔迹完全不同。联系上下文，最佳答案为B。8. 单选题The word “addiction” is often used loosely and wryly in conversation. People w

21、ill refer to themselves as “mystery book addicts” or “cookie addicts.” E.B. White writes of his annual surge of interest in gardening: “We are hooked and are making an attempt to kick the habit.” Yet nobody really believes that reading mysteries or ordering seeds by catalogue is serious enough to be

22、 compared with addictions to heroin or alcohol. The word “addiction” is here used jokingly to denote a tendency to overindulge in some pleasurable activity.People often refer to being “hooked on TV.” Does this, too, fall into the lighthearted category of cookie eating and other pleasures that people

23、 pursue with usual intensity, or is there a kind of television viewing that falls into the more serious category of destructive addiction?When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug taking. And yet

24、 the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a “high” that normal life does not supply. It is only the inability to function without the addictive substance that is dismaying the dependence of the organism upon the certain experience and increasing inability to functi

25、on normally without it. Thus a person will take two or three drinks at the end of the day not merely for the pleasure drinking provides, but also because he “doesnt feel normal without them.An addict does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to experience it in order to function norma

26、lly. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life without it less than complete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, for under the spell of the addictive experience his life is peculiarly distorted. The addict craves an ex

27、perience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be temporarily stated, but soon it begins to crave again.Finally a serious addiction is distinguished from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements. A heroin addict, for instance, leads a damaged life: his i

28、ncreasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. Similarly an alcoholics life is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol.Let us consider television viewing in the light of the conditions that define

29、serious addictions.1.The essence of any serious addiction is（ ）.2.According to the passage, an addicts life is peculiarly distorted because（ ）.3.Serious addiction is different from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by the fact that（ ）.4.Which kind of addiction is not mentioned in the passage?5.Accordin

30、g to the author, the focus is usually put on（ ）.6.In the following paragraphs, the author will continue to discuss（ ）.问题1选项A.the inability to function without the addictive substanceB.a search for a high that normal life does not supplyC.the dependence of the organism upon a certain experienceD.the

31、dismay of not being able to function normally问题2选项A.he merely pursue a pleasurable experienceB.he need to experience it to function normallyC.he cant find pleasure in other potential pleasurable experiencesD.he begins to crave again问题3选项A.it has extremely serious consequences.B.it helps a person to

32、behave normally.C.it can make a person satisfied.D.it does not make life complete.问题4选项A.Heroin addictionB.Alcohol addictionC.Sports maniaD.TV Addiction问题5选项A.the pleasure of drinking and drug-taking.B.the negative aspects of doing such thingsC.an addicts distorted lifeD.the serious pursuit of pleas

33、ure问题6选项A.Addiction in generalB.Seriousness of drug abusingC.TV addictionD.The pleasure of watching TV【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “And yet the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a high that normal life does not supply.”，中文翻译为：然而任何严重的

34、上瘾的精髓都是一种对快乐的追求，一种平常生活中无法提供的对“过头”的探求。因此B选项：寻求一种正常生活不能提供的“过头”，为正确答案。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “An addict does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to experience it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life with

35、out it less than complete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, for under the spell of the addictive experience, his life is peculiarly distorted. The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be temporarily stated, but soon it be

36、gins to crave again.”，中文翻译为：上瘾者不仅仅是追求愉快的体验，而且需要体验它才能正常工作。他需要一遍又一遍地重复。这种特殊的经历会让没有它的生活变得不完整。其他潜在的愉快的经历不再可能，因为在上瘾的经历的魔力下，他的生活特别扭曲了。瘾君子渴望一种体验，但他从未真正得到满足。这种有机体可能暂时存在，但很快又开始渴望。可以得知D选项“他开始再次渴望”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中倒数第二段“Finally a serious addiction is distinguished from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by

37、its distinctly destructive elements.”，中文翻译为：最后，严重的成瘾与无害的快乐追求的区别在于其明显的破坏性因素。因此A项“它会带来极其严重的后果”符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据A, B项可以定位到文章第一段“.by catalogue is serious enough to be compared with addictions to heroin or alcohol.”，中文翻译为：对毒品的上瘾程度严重到可以与对海洛因或酒精的上瘾相提并论。根据D项可以定位到文章第二段“People often refer to being hooked on TV.

38、”，中文翻译为：人们经常提到沉迷于电视。因此排除A，B，D三项，答案为C。5.细节事实题。通过题干定位到原文 “When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug taking.”，中文翻译：当我们考虑毒品或酒精上瘾时，我们经常关注其消极的方面，而忽略了饮酒或吸毒带来的快乐。选项B“这种事的消极方面”符合题意。6.推理判断题。根据原文尾段 “Let us

39、consider television viewing in the light of the conditions that define serious addictions.”，中文翻译：让我们根据定义严重上瘾的情况来考虑一下看电视这种情况吧！最佳答案为C选项。9. 单选题When the hostess received my compliment on her new car, she responded with great pleasure about how the car is a（ ）buy.问题1选项A.modestB.choiceC.superiorD.eloquent

40、【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: modest “谦虚的”；B: choice “精选的”；C: superior “优秀的，出众的”；D: eloquent “意味深长的”。句意：当女主人听到我对她新车的赞美，她高兴地对我讲起来这辆车是如何精心挑选的。结合此处句意，故B为正确答案。10. 单选题Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the（ ）governments policies.问题1选项A.economicalB.economyC.economicD.eco

41、nomics【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: economical “节俭的，经济的；经济实惠的”；B: economy “经济；节约”；C: economic “经济上的，经济学的”；D: economics “经济学”。句意：尽管史密斯博士不是一个经济学家，但是长期以来，对政府的经济上的政策来说，他是一个严厉的评论家。根据语境和句意可知C为正确答案。11. 单选题（ ）of this change is the appearance of the two books under review.问题1选项A.IndicativeB.SuggestiveC.SymptomaticD.

42、Expressive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: Indicative “象征的；指示的；表明的”；B: Suggestive “提示的；暗示的”；C: Symptomatic “有症状的；症候的”；D: Expressive “表示的，有表现力的”。 句意：审查中的这两本书的出现反映了这个变化。be indicative of “指示的；象征的；暗示的”,本句为表语前置，完全倒装。因此A最合适。12. 单选题We sincerely hope you will soon be（ ）to health.问题1选项A.restoredB.recoveredC.returnedD.r

43、enewed【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。restore （to） “恢复，恢复成（某个样子），及物动词，多用于被动语态，强调用外力来恢复原状”。句意：我们真诚地希望你们不久就能恢复健康。根据句意，A为正确答案。13. 单选题According to the geological theory put forward by a famous geologist at an academic conference newly held in England, the south of Iceland is（ ）to earthquakes.问题1选项A.disposedB.likelyC.li

44、ableD.inclined【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: disposed “有倾向的；打算做的”；B: likely “很可能的”；C: liable “易遭受的”；D: inclined “趋向于的”。句意：根据一位著名的地理学家在最近英国举行的学术会议上提出的地理理论，爱尔兰的南方有地震的可能性。结合句意，C为正确答案。14. 单选题Her professional ethics is now being questioned since she often（ ）her reports to suit the people she is speaking to.问题1选项A

45、.disfiguresB.deformsC.misshapesD.distorts【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A: disfigures “丑化”；B: deforms “使变形”；C: misshapes “变成畸形”；D: distorts “扭曲”。句意：她专业的伦理学现在正被质疑，因为她经常扭曲她的报告来迎合她交谈的人。根据句意，D符合题意。15. 单选题Under the present system, state enterprises must（ ）all profits to the government.问题1选项A.turn downB.turn toC.turn ou

46、tD.turn in【答案】D【解析】考查词组。A: turn down “减少；关小” ；B: turn to“求助于”；C: turn out “结果是；关掉”；D: turn in “上交；归还”。句意：在现行制度下，国有企业必须向政府上交全部利润。根据语境可知D为正确答案。16. 单选题He spoke so（ ）that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.问题1选项A.bluntlyB.convincinglyC.emphaticallyD.determinedly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析题。A选项 blun

47、tly “坦率地，率直地”；B选项 convincingly “使人信服地，有说服力地”；C选项 emphatically “坚决地，断然地”；D选项 determinedly “决然地，断然地”。句意：他讲得如此有说服力，以至于他的对手都被他的辩论所折服。结合此处句意，B选项正确。17. 单选题This countrys development of science was greatly undermined for large numbers of scientific（ ）were ejected from their motherland since the dictator cam

48、e into power.问题1选项A.galaxyB.eliteC.personnelD.swarm【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: galaxy “银河” ；B: elite “精英”；C: personnel “全体人员”；D: swarm “一大群”。句意：这个国家的科学发展受到严重破坏，因为自从独裁者掌握政权，大量的科学精英就离开了故乡。由句意可知B为正确答案。18. 单选题He has been（ ）a lot of pressure on me to change my mind.问题1选项A.employingB.exertingC.endeavoringD.aspir

49、ing【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。exert pressure on.表示“给施加压力”。句意：他对我施加了很大的压力，要求我改变主意。结合句意，故B为正确答案。19. 单选题In its most abstract sense the perception of a loss of community in modern society refers to changes in both the structure and content of personal relationships. Here community is used to denote a sense of comm

50、on identity between individuals, and enduring ties of affection and harmony based upon personal knowledge and face-to-face contact. It is often contrasted with the impersonal and dehumanizing aspects of modernlife, with the rise of a selfish individualism, a calculative approach to human relationshi

51、ps and the sense of social dislocation present under conditions of rapid social and economic change. These judgments were typified by the pessimistic strand of much eighteenth-and nineteenth-century Romanticism, which stressed the unity of man with nature, opposed reason with sentiment and offered t

52、horoughgoing criticism of the emerging urban, industrial worlD.The concept of community was used in order to come to terms with this new form of society. The scientific and technological advances of the new age were contrasted with mans spiritual and emotional impoverishment, in which the loss of co

53、mmunity was taken as emblematiC.The term was therefore used in a literally reactionary way, as a reaction to both the material squalor and the spiritual degradation which Romanticism associated with the rise of urban industrialism. Community signified a more humane and intimate existence, more stabl

54、e, more traditional and less tainted by the rational pursuit of self-interest. The term was used by writers like Cobbett and Coleridge to evoke a largely mythical golden age in the pre-industrial world, where organic communities of beneficent landowners and merry rustics lived a happy Arcadian exist

55、ence in the mainly agricultural villages and small market towns which constituted pre-industrial-society. Rapid urbanization and industrialization were accused of having destroyed this notion of community.The Industrial Revolution was believed to have changed not only the structure of society by con

56、centrating large numbers of people in cities and in factories, but also the quality of the relationships upon which a sense of community resteD.Out of this perception there emerged a very common literary and cultural theme, fully explored by Raymond Williams in two of his books, Culture and Society

57、and The Country and the City (Williams, 1961, 1973). Since urban industrialism had brought a breakdown of community it followed that real communities could not exist in the new industrial cities but only in the countryside. The village therefore came to be regarded as the ideal community. The romant

58、ic assertion of the unit of man with nature found its counterpart in an idyllic view of rural life as consisting of harmony and virtue. Relationships in rural communities were regarded as more indefinably profound and fulfilling, generating a prevailing sense of meaningful social intimacy. In cities

59、, on the other hand, it was believed that the unnatural separation of their inhabitants from the land and from one another provoked dislocation and a superficial and alienating way of life. This tendency to identify a sense of community with particular patterns of settlement and particular geographi

60、cal locations has proved to be an immensely enduring one. As Williams shows, it is a tradition that has penetrated large areas of our culture, including our literature, our aesthetics, our architecture and town and country planning, and even our social science. Such a tradition continues to act as a

61、 filter through which the reality of urban and rural life is constantly being interpreteD.Even today there is a tendency to regard only rural villages as real communities where we can find our roots, while life in cities is viewed as a necessary evil to be avoided whenever possible.1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?2.The eighteenth-and-nineteenth-century Romanticism insisted that（ ）.3.The word emblematic ( ParA.1 ) may have the meaning of（ ）.4.According to the passage, the con