2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷28

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1、2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. （ ）he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.问题1选项A.What littleB.So muchC.How muchD.So little【答案】A【解析】句意: 他声称自己在天文学方面是一个专家，但是实际上他在这方面相当无知。他所知道的都是过时和不准确的。语法题

2、。考查名词性从句。 he knows about it为后面句子的主语部分，因此本句为名词性从句作主语，且句子中缺少成分，故应用what引导，再根据句意可知他对天文学是无知的，因此应选little表示否定的意义，故应选A项。2. 单选题It is common knowledge that one culture （ ）with the area.问题1选项A.connectsB.relatesC.associatesD.correlates【答案】D【解析】句意: 一种文化与当地的社会和经济的发展相互依存，这是常识。动词辨析。connect和relate都能与with连用，表示“与联系”，但

3、侧重于两者的关系；associate with意为“联合，将联系在一起”；correlate with“相互依存”；将四个选项分别代入题干对比分析可知，最佳答案选项为D。3. 单选题It is absolutely essential that William （ ）his study in spite of some learning difficulties.问题1选项A.will continueB.continuedC.continueD.continues【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管有着一些学习困难，但是威廉却完全有必要继续自己的学习。语法题。考查虚拟语气。Its+形容词（essen

4、tial, necessary, important等）+从句（谓语是should do,其中should可以省略）。由句中关键词“It is absolutely essential that完全有必要”可知C项“continue”正确。4. 单选题Basic research provides the （ ）fund of scientific knowledge, on which the applied researchers draw to give society a rich rate of interest.问题1选项A.capitalB.endowedC.enhancedD.

5、initiative【答案】A【解析】句意: 基础研究为科学知识提供了资本基金，应用研究人员从中提取资本基金后以高利率回报社会。形容词辨析。Capital fund资本基金; endowed fund捐助基金; enhanced fund增强型基金; initiative fund项目基金。因此A符合句意。5. 单选题（ ） John, I began to trust my feelings and began to believe in my ability.问题1选项A.Due toB.Obliged toC.By virtue ofD.Thanks to【答案】D【解析】句意: 由于约

6、翰，我开始相信自己的感觉和能力。短语辨析。Due to 因为, 由于; Obliged to不得不(做), 后面不接原因状语; By virtue of 由于, 凭借; Thanks to 幸亏, 由于, 可以引导原因状语。故选D。6. 单选题Salaries for （ ）positions seem to be higher than for permanent ones.问题1选项A.legalB.optionalC.voluntaryD.temporary【答案】D【解析】句意: 做临时性的工作拿到的工资好像比固定工作要高。形容词辨析。Legal法律的，合法的; optional可选择

7、的，随意的; voluntary自愿的; temporary临时的。根据句子已知信息permanent ones (固定工作)推测D符合句意。7. 单选题I dont smoke now, but I used（ ）when I was young.问题1选项A.toB.to doC.to itD.to doing it【答案】B【解析】句意: 我现在不抽烟了，但是我年轻的时候常常抽烟。固定搭配。used to do 过去常常; be/get used to sth./doing sth. 习惯于。因此B符合句意。8. 单选题The course normally attracts 20 st

8、udents per year, （ ）up to half will be from overseas.问题1选项A.in whichB.for whomC.with whichD.of whom【答案】D【解析】句意: 这门课程通常每年会吸引二十名学生，其中有一半是留学生。语法题。考查定语从句。题干后半部分为定语从句修饰先行词20 students。定语从句中缺少关系词。选项D中, of表示 “在中”, 后面接关系代词which。9. 单选题At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something stra

9、nge or terrible. However, chances are that you dont act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change

10、 over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now

11、with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the t

12、opic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is topic that Americans talk about constantly. Its not taboo to talk about fat; its taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat. In the work world most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to t

13、he public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U.S., thin is in, fat is out.Its not surprising, then, that millions of Ame

14、ricans have become obsessed with staying slim and in shape. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for Americas fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal-health. As in most technolog

15、ically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modem machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disu

16、se, peoples bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising.1.From the passage we can infer taboo is （ ）.2.Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude “being fat” in American

17、society（ ）.3.The topic of fat is many other taboo subjects（ ）.4.In the U.S., thin is “in” fat is “out”，this means（ ）.5.Apart from this new understanding of the correlation between health and exercise, the main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is （ ）.问题1选项A.

18、a strong desire to do something strange or terribleB.a crime committed on impulseC.behavior considered unacceptable in societys eyesD.an unfavorable impression left on other people问题2选项A.will always remain a tabooB.is not considered a taboo by most peopleC.has long been a tabooD.may no longer be a t

19、aboo someday问题3选项A.the same asB.different fromC.more popular thanD.less often talked about than问题4选项A.this is “inside”，fat is “outside”B.thin is “diligent”，fat is “lazy”C.thin is “youthfill”，fat is “spiritless”D.thin is “fashionable”，fat is “unfashionable”问题5选项A.their changed life-styleB.their eager

20、ness to stay thin and youthfulC.their appreciation of the importance of exerciseD.the encouragement they have received from their companies【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。关于taboo的解释在第一段: You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behav

21、ior (你知道，这样的行为从某种意义上说是不对的，并且其他人不会接受)。故选C (社会认为不可接受的行为)。2.判断推理题。第二段指出: Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and na

22、tural at another point in time。因此文章认为一些过去不被人们认同的现象以及一些禁忌，通常在经过一段时间后会慢慢地被 人们接受。故选D。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词many other taboo subjects定位至第三段: Unlike many other taboos, fat is topic that Americans talk about constantly (和其他的禁忌不同，肥胖的话题是美国人一直在讨论着的)。故选B。4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词thin is “in” fat is “out”定位至第三段最后一句, 这段表明了美国社会对

23、瘦的追求,对肥胖的贬斥。由此推测答案选D。5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段可知, 美国人锻炼身体一方面是为了保持苗条的身材和年轻的外形，另一方面还在于锻炼身体和保持身体健康之间的关系。故选B.10. 单选题It is not （ ）much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.问题1选项A.thatB.asC.soD.very【答案】C【解析】句意:这本书的语言不如背景让其难以理解。固定搭配。not so as “不如”。由句中关键词“not” 与“as”的对应知这里表示一种否定的同

24、级比较，故C项“so”正确。11. 单选题Frances （ ）of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.问题1选项A.assumptionB.consumptionC.resumptionD.presumption【答案】C【解析】句意: 上个月法国恢复在南太平洋的核试验引起了政治辩论和群众的抗议。形近词辨析。Assumption假定，假设; consumption消费; resumption恢复; presumption推测，假

25、定。因此C符合句意。12. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV adv

26、ertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet newpeople with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment.Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress.

27、 A barber today does not cut a boy s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are o

28、dd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cow climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the l

29、ate President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After Word War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was

30、in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the f

31、ashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of me top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an int

32、erview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club.However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see t

33、hat no one else does either!1.The author thinks that people are （ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ）.3.Causes of fashions are（ ）.4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ）.5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied

34、 with their appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.

35、informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situationsB.Fashion in formal and informal situationsC.Ignoring appearance in informal situationsD.Ignoring appearance in all situations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: How we look and how we appear to others probably wo

36、rries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion(十多岁或二十出头的时候，会比一生当中任何其他时期都关注自己的外表。极少人满意自己的本来面貌，少数人足够勇敢忽视时尚潮流), 故选C(完全不忽视时尚潮流)。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词 maga

37、zine and TV定位至第二段: Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment (大多数时尚

38、杂志或 电视广告总是告诉我们应该穿什么或者应该有什么行为。如果我们照做了，他们会告诉我们，我们可以有信心的交新朋友，充满信心的处理事情，不会尴尬)。故选A。3.判断推理题。根据关键词cause定位至第三段: What cause fashions to change?Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion(什么导致了时尚变化呢？有时候便利，实用必须，或是一个有影响力的人的爱好都可以造就时尚)。故选B。4.细节事实

39、题。由关键词freer and easier定位至第五段: Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do our hair the way you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion (当今社会比曾经更为自由和舒适。只要合情合理，或者做你喜欢的发型，而不是你应该按照时尚去穿去做)

40、。因此选D(个性)5.主旨大意题。文章最后一段主要讲的是在某些场合，尤其是正式场合，外观是很重要的。故选A(关注正式场合的外观)。13. 单选题There are as good fish in the sea （ ）ever came out of it.问题1选项A.thanB.likeC.asD.so【答案】C【解析】句意:海里的好鱼多得是（强中更有强中手）。固定搭配。 “as （作副词用）+形容词或副词+as （作连词用）”表示同级比较。14. 单选题An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted

41、. The trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the

42、 value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a do not track” (DNT) option to internet bro

43、wsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT; Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on respon

44、ding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have

45、 promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply

46、with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8 though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Googles on that c

47、ount before. Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?1.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioral” ads help advertisers to （ ）.2.“The industry” (Line 5, Para.3) refers to（ ）.3.The author holds that

48、 setting DNT as a default（ ）.4.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?5.The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of（ ）.问题1选项A.ease competition among themselvesB.lower their operational costsC.avoid complaints from consumersD.provide better online servi

49、ces问题2选项A.online advertisersB.e-commerce conductorsC.digital information analysisD.internet browser developers问题3选项A.may cut the number of junk adsB.fails to affect the ad industryC.will not benefit consumersD.goes against human nature问题4选项A.DNT may not serve its intended purpose.B.Advertisers are w

50、illing to implement DNT.C.DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.D.Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioral ads.问题5选项A.indulgenceB.understandingC.appreciationD.skepticism【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“behavioral” ads定位至第一段: An old saying has it that half of all advertising

51、 budgets are wasted. The trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy (俗话说得好一半的广告预算都被浪费了，但问题是没有人知道是哪一半广告预算被浪

52、费了。在互联网时代， 至少在理论上可以大幅减少这部分被浪费的广告预算。通过观看人们在线搜寻、点 击和说什么，公司可以将行为广告针对那些最可能购买东西的人)。由此可知 B项“减少他们的运营成本”正确。2.词义题。根据题干定位至第三段: In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not wan

53、t to be followed (2010 年 12 月美国联邦贸易委员会 向互联网浏览器提供者们提议增加一个不要跟踪的选项，以便互联网使用者可 以告诉广告商他们不想被跟踪) 由此可推知D项“互联网浏览器开发者”正确。3.推理判断题。第五段指出: Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so (尽管一些公司己承诺在得到不要跟踪的信号后停止跟踪，但是获取该信号却没有强制任何人去这样做)。因此C 项“不会让消费者受益”正确。4

54、.判断推理题。第六段: Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how (另外还不清楚微软公司为何独自将不要跟踪作为微软网页浏览器10的默认设置。毕竟微软公司也有网上广告业务，尽管微软公司声称自己的网上广告业务将遵守不要跟踪请求，但是它仍然正在想如何进行) 。因此A 项“不要跟踪可能不能达到它的预期目的”正确。5

55、.观点态度题。第六段作者说: Could it really be that simple?这真的有可能那么简单吗？因此D项“怀疑的态度”正确。15. 单选题We had no way to measure the exact distance we had traveled, but we thought it was （ ）five miles .问题1选项A.preciselyB.appropriatelyC.approximatelyD.apparently【答案】C【解析】句意: 我们没有办法精确测量我们的实际旅程，但是我们认为大概是5英里。副词辨析。Precisely精确地; ap

56、propriately适当地; approximately大约，大概; apparently 显然。因此C符合句意。16. 单选题She did her work （ ）her manager had instructed.问题1选项A.untilB.whenC.asD.though【答案】C【解析】句意: 她照经理说的做自己的工作。连词辨析。As按照，如同, 引导方式状语,符合句意。until 直到, 引导时间状语从句; when 当时候, 引导时间状语从句; though 即使, 引导让步状语从句。17. 单选题“Congratulations, Mr. Jones, its a girl

57、.”Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had con

58、siderable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or

59、unwillingly.Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this reconciliation process. Although numerous books have been written about A

60、merican mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of fathers.It is argued by some writers that the change to the fathers role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the change the wife must take to the mothers role. The mothers role seems to require a complete transformation

61、in daily routine and highly innovative adaptation. On the other hand, the fathers role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.1. Fr

62、om the passage, we learn that fatherhood （ ）.2.What does the passage say about the shift from the role of husband to that of father?3.The passage indicates that（ ）.4.Which of the following will the author most probably disagree with?5.The authors purpose in writing this passage is to（ ）.问题1选项A.brings a feeling of excitement to most menB.makes some men feel proud and others uneasyC