2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第86期

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1、2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close（ ）.问题1选项A.temperamentB.contaminationC.scrutinyD.symmetry【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项temperament“气质，性情”；B选项contamination“污染”；C选项scrutiny“详细审查，细看”；D选项symmetry“对称”。句意：尽管这个模型表面上看起来还不错，但它经不起细看。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题M

2、any（ ）came to the Presidents reception.问题1选项A.personB.charactersC.peopleD.notables【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。person“人”；character“性格，品质”；people“人，人类”；notable“名人，显要人物”。句意：许多显要人物前来参加总统的招待会。3. 单选题Their diplomatic principles completely laid bare their（ ）for world conquest.问题1选项A.admirationB.ambitionC.aspirationD.or

3、ientation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项admiration“钦佩，赞赏”；B选项ambition“野心，抱负”；C选项aspiration“渴望”；D选项orientation“方向”。句意：他们的外交原则完全暴露了他们征服世界的野心。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题（ ）before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.问题1选项A.Had they arrivedB.Were they arrivingC.Would they arriveD.Were they t

4、o arrive【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。主句谓语是“should+动词原形”，表示与现在事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。从句部分是倒装结构，省略了if，由于句子中的时间状语是the day after tomorrow，所以从句动词应该用与将来事实可能相反的虚拟语气。应为should(were to)+动词原形。句意：如果他们在我们后天出发之前到达的话，我们可以有一顿丰盛的晚宴。故D项正确。5. 单选题When department stores have an oversupply of goods, they frequently（ ）prices to encourage sale

5、s.问题1选项A.concealB.reviewC.damageD.reduce【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conceal“隐藏；隐瞒”；B选项review“回顾；检查；复审”；C选项damage“损害，毁坏” D选项reduce“ 减少；降低”。句意：当百货公司的商品供过于求时，他们经常降价以促进销量。空格处动词的宾语是“价格”，根据后面的“以促进销量”可知D项符合句意。6. 单选题Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no lo

6、ve or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they cou

7、ld not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no

8、marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, f

9、or as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categor

10、ize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families,

11、 communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we we

12、ar to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery,

13、 makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that（ ）.2.Acco

14、rding to the passage, peoples learning activity are possible because they（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on （ ）.4.Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because（ ）.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more importan

15、t than its physical aspects in that they（ ）.问题1选项A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do things that hurt each others feelings问题2选项A.enjoy being rewa

16、rded for doing the right thingB.know what is vital to the progress of societyC.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveD.benefit from providing help and support to one another问题3选项A.the ability to make moneyB.the capacity to workC.the stimulus to workD.the categorizations of our

17、emotional experiences问题4选项A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects.B.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained.C.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements.D.they produce more love than hate among people.问题5选项

18、A.help society exploit its members for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal systemD.help us to adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy n

19、or pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. 人们可能无法活下去:既不知道快乐也不知道恐惧，他们可能会重复对自己有益的行为，也会重复对自己有害的行为。”言下之意就是人们不知道什么事情对自己有益处，什么事情有害，所以选项B正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段“They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionl

20、ess world would lack rewards and punishments. 他们无法学习:他们无法从经验中获益，因为这个没有感情的世界将缺乏奖赏和惩罚。可知人们从奖赏和惩罚中学习。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第一段“Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there woul

21、d be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.社会的经济支柱将会被毁灭，因为挣1000万美元并不会比挣10美元带来更多快乐，没有了工作的动力。事实上，任何事情的动力都没有了，因为我们知道动力反映了享受它们的能力。”可知经济的支柱是工作的动力，故C项正确。4.推理判断题。由第二段“Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of

22、 agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad”, In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. 我们对事物和事件的情感体验会产生一种社会认同感，认为某些事物和行为是好的而另一些是坏的。事实上，社会利用我们的情感反应和态度，如忠诚、道德、骄傲、羞耻

23、、内疚、恐惧和贪婪，来维持自身。”可知B项“它们是维持社会认同感的基础。”正确。5.推理判断题。由第二段As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or ma

24、ke us joyful. 为个体，我们会根据我们的情绪对物体进行分类。诚然，我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，但它对我们做了什么或能做什么更重要伤害我们、让我们惊讶、愤怒或高兴。”可知物体的情感方面能够引导我们去调整自己的行为以便更好地适应周围的环境。故D项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:7. 单选题He is totally（ ）to other peoples attitudes.问题1选项A.concernedB.carelessC.indifferentD.cold【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项concerned“有关的；关心的”；B选项careless“粗心的

25、；无忧无虑的”；C选项indifferent“冷淡的；不关心的” D选项cold“冷淡的，不热情的”。句意：他对别人的态度漠不关心。be indifferent to是固定搭配，表示 “对漠不关心”，因此C项正确。8. 单选题She is（ ）to the cost until tragedy alters her life and the lives of those around her.问题1选项A.ignorantB.obliviousC.unawareD.unmindful【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ignorant“无知的，愚昧的”；B选项oblivious“健忘的，不

26、注意的”；C选项unaware“未察觉的”；D选项unmindful“漫不经心的”。句意：直到悲剧改变了她和周围人的生活，她才意识到代价的存在。能和介词to搭配的只有B选项，be oblivious to 是固定搭配，意为“不在意的；不以为意的”，所以选项B正确。9. 单选题The international situation has been growing（ ）difficult for the last few years.问题1选项A.invariablyB.presumablyC.increasinglyD.dominantly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项invariab

27、ly“不变地”；B选项presumably“大概，推测起来”；C选项increasingly“越来越多地”；D选项dominantly“有统治权地”。句意：最近几年里，国际形势日益严峻。选项C符合句意。10. 单选题With price（ ）so much, its hard for the company to plan a budget.问题1选项A.fluctuatingB.wavingC.swingingD.vibrating【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。fluctuate“使波动，使动摇，涨落”； wave“挥手，挥舞”；swing“摇摆，旋转”；vibrate“使振动，使颤动”。

28、句意：由于价格波动大，所以这家公司很难做出预算计划。A项符合题意。11. 单选题Investors are being encouraged to continue ploughing their savings into the stock market after shares in London recovered all the losses incurred since September 11. The advice comes despite Americas Dow Jones industrial average tumbling on Friday after a case

29、 of anthrax was diagnosed in New York. Consumer spending in America also slumped by more than three times economists predictions in September, pushing share prices back below pre-attack levels.The FTSE 100 index of Britains largest companies closed on Friday at 5,145 up 112 points on its September 1

30、0 close. The Dow in New York rallied late on to close at 9,344, down 66 points. Although most experts are predicting further volatility in the coming months, they remain cautiously optimistic that the FTSE 100 will begin a sustained, if rocky, rally towards 5,500 by the end of the year. The immediat

31、e economic outlook is still bleak. Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expect Britain to suffer a sharp slowdown. But analysts say the market is well placed to absorb any further bad news.Sharp economic downturns can, perversely, be good for t

32、he market because they force firms to be more cost-efficient. Therefore, any announcements about rising unemployment or corporate streamlining could have a positive effect on shares. Of more concern to private investors is the impact that another terrorist attack would have on shares. If this were t

33、o happen, the market would almost certainly slump again. But history suggests that it would, once again, make up any lost ground within weeks.Experts are therefore urging private investors not to repeat their past mistakes, when they waited for a sustained rally before feeling confident enough to in

34、vest. Cross said, “Its peculiar that investors feel its safer to invest after the market has risen by 25% than when it has fallen by 25%. Common sense suggests that the opposite would be more appropriate.” Mike Lenhoff of Gerrard, the stockbroker, said that if the market hit 5 500 and remained aroun

35、d that level for some weeks, it would be a sign that further, sustained gains were imminent. He said, “Getting back to 5 500 would be important, because if the index stayed at that level, the psychology of the market would change substantially. Defensive shares would become too expensive and big inv

36、estors would start moving into value stocks, which are the type of firms that do well in an economic recovery.”But private investors could be forgiven for their pessimistic mood, as nearly all Isa buyers have suffered big losses. But investors can take some comfort from the fact that the next three

37、months are traditionally the best-performing period of the year for the stock market. David Schwartz, the stock-market historian, said the index almost always rose in the period between November and April. Since 1974, the market went up on 24 occasions between November and April, by an average of 15

38、%, and dropped only three times. Schwartz said, “Its no guarantee for this year, but history is on our side.”1.We learn from the first paragraph that（ ）.2.The reason why some experts remain cautiously optimistic about the FTSE is that they believe that（ ）.3.In the present situation, corporate downsi

39、zing may（ ）.4.Experts advise private investors to avoid their past mistakes by（ ）.5.From the last sentence of the passage, we may infer that Schwartz believes that（ ）.问题1选项A.FTSE 100 index fell immediately after September 11B.Dow Jones industrial index is now beginning to pick upC.Consumer spending

40、is having a positive effect on the stock marketD.Share prices in America have risen contrary to most predictions问题2选项A.the American economy will be able to resist further downturnB.the Dow Jones index in New York will stop tumbling soonC.the market will absorb any further shock from bad newsD.the ec

41、onomic situation in Britain and America will take an upturn in 6 months问题3选项A.sharp economic downturnB.produce a positive effect on sharesC.cause the market to slump againD.enable the market to regain any lost ground问题4选项A.withholding any investment until the market has risen by 25%B.investing when

42、the FTSE rallies back to 5 500C.investing only in those firms which show signs of recoveryD.investing when the stock market shows signs of upturn问题5选项A.the market will be most likely to go up between November and AprilB.the market will drop by an average of 15% between November and AprilC.the market

43、 will not likely go up in the next three monthsD.it is quite rational to take a pessimistic altitude towards the stock market【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段的内容，在伦敦股市收复了9.11以来的全部损失后，投资者被鼓励继续将他们的储蓄投入股市。尽管美国道琼斯工业平均指数在纽约被诊断出炭疽病例后在周五暴跌，该建议还是出现了。九月份，美国的消费支出也下跌了超过经济学家预测的三倍，将股价推回到袭击前的水平之下。由此可

44、知，“911”事件后，英国富时100指数立即下跌，选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段最后两句“Some commentators predict that America will endure a recession lasting six months. They also expect Britain to suffer a sharp slowdown. But analysts say the market is well placed to absorb any further bad news. 一些评论家预测，美国将经历长达6个月的经济衰退。他们还预计英国经济将急剧放缓

45、。但分析师表示，市场已经做好准备，可以消化任何进一步的坏消息。”A选项“美国经济将能够抵御进一步的衰退”和B选项“纽约的道琼斯指数将很快停止下跌”在文中没有提及，选项D“英国和美国的经济形势将在6个月内好转”不符合原文。选项C“市场将消化任何进一步的坏消息”符合原文3.细节事实题。根据第三段第二句“any announcements about rising unemployment or corporate streamlining could have a positive effect on shares. 任何有关失业率上升或公司裁员的消息，都可能对股价产生积极影响。”所以选项B正确。

46、4.判断推理题。题干意思是“专家建议私人投资者避免过去的错误，在”。根据倒数第二段第一句Experts are therefore urging private invertors not to repeat their past mistakes, when they waited for a sustained rally before feeling confident enough to invest.（因此，专家们敦促私人投资者不要重蹈覆辙，不要等到股市持续上涨时才有足够的信心进行投资）和第四段if the market hit 5500 and remained around th

47、at level for some weeks, it would be a sign that further, sustained gains were imminent.（如果股市达到5500点，并在这一水平附近保持数周，这将表明，进一步持续的上涨即将到来）可推断，私人投资者可以在股市好转的时候进行投资，故D项“当股票市场显示好转迹象时进行投资”正确；B项“当富时指数回升至5500点时投资”与原文不符；由Its peculiar that investors feel its safer to invest after the market has risen by 25% than w

48、hen it has fallen by 25%. Common sense suggests that the opposite would be more appropriate.（奇怪的是，投资者觉得在股市上涨25%后投资比下跌25%时更安全；常识告诉我们，相反的措辞会更合适）可知，市场下跌25%比股市上涨25%后投资更安全，A项“在市场上涨25%之前不做任何投资”错误；C项“只投资那些有复苏迹象的公司”原文没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Schwartz said, Its no guarantee for this year, but his

49、tory is on our side. Schwartz说，今年不敢保证，但历史总是站在我们这一边。”上文提到，股票市场历史学家Schwartz 表示，股票指数在11月4月期间几乎总是上涨的。所以选项A符合原文。12. 单选题On hearing the news, I went up to Dales room, removed the hamster from its cage and, paying（ ）attention to her grief, proceeded to swing it around by its tail to make sure it really was

50、dead.问题1选项A.scarceB.bareC.insufficientD.scant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项scarce“缺乏的，不足的”，强调罕见，稀有；B选项bare“空的，赤裸的”；C选项insufficient“缺乏能力的”；D选项scant“缺乏的，不足的”，强调的是减少，限制。句意：听到这个消息后，我前往黛尔的房间，把那只仓鼠从笼子里拿出来，毫不在意她的悲伤，接着提着它的尾巴甩来甩去，看看它是不是真的死了。句中指的是对黛尔的悲伤视而不见，所以选项D更恰当。13. 单选题As social beings we live with our eyes upon ou

51、r reflection, but have no（ ）of the tranquility of the waters in which we see it.问题1选项A.warrantB.obligationC.assuranceD.certainty【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warrant“根据，证明”，强调法律依据，确信无疑的证据；B选项obligation“职责，义务”；C选项assurance“保证，担保”；D选项certainty“必然，确实”。句意：作为社会上的人我们坚信眼见为实，但是没法保证我们所看到的一定就是真实的。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题We offer

52、 a wide variety of services to fit your request,（ ）web design, graphic design, web development, or anything else.问题1选项A.whether they beB.whether it beC.would they beD.would it be【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。句意：我们提供各种各样的服务，以满足您的要求，无论是网页设计，图形设计，网页开发，或任何其他。根据句意可知，这里表示的是“无论.”，可首先排除选项C和选项D；其次，原句中并列的几个选择性词组都是单数形式，所以这里

53、的代词也应该使用单数，选项B为正确答案。15. 单选题There is not the woman born who desires to eat the bread of dependence, no matter ( ) from the hand of father, husband, or brother; for any one who does so eat her bread places herself in the power of the person（ ）she takes it.问题1选项A.whether they be. from whichB.whether it

54、 be.from whomC.would they be.from whomD.would it befrom which【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。句意：世上没有生来就想靠别人吃饭的女人，无论是靠父亲、丈夫还是兄弟；因为任何一个人这样做的话，就是将自己置于施舍之人的权利之下。根据句意可知，第一空主要是需要明确from的主语应该是“the bread”，所以应该用单数形式的it来指代，由此可排除选项A和选项C；其次第二空的先行词是the person，关系代词应该用whom，所以选项B正确。16. 翻译题A. Translate the following sentences from E

55、nglish into Chinese. (3x5)1. We recognize that in the long run, innovation is a key driver of growth for both individual countries and the global economy as a whole. We are committed to tackling one of the root causes of weak growth by taking innovation as a key element of our effort to identify new

56、 growth engines for individual countries and the world economy.2.Recognizing the detrimental effects of corruption and illicit finance flows on equitable allocation of public resources, sustainable economic growth, the integrity of the global financial system and the rule of law, we will reinforce t

57、he G20s efforts to enhance international cooperation against corruption, while fully respecting international law, human rights and the rule of law as well as the sovereignty of each country.3.The pride we feel when someone from our nation wins a Nobel Prize is different from the one we feel witness

58、ing one of our athletes winning an Olympic medal. We dont feel the pride of our tribe demonstrating superiority over other tribes. Rather, its the pride that comes from knowing that one of us has made a significant contribution to our common human endeavor.【答案】1.我们认识到，创新是各国和全球经济长期增长的重要动力。我们致力于解决经济增长

59、疲软的根源问题之一，将创新作为我们努力为各国和世界经济寻找新的增长引擎的关键因素。2.认识到腐败和非法资金流动对公共资源公平分配、可持续经济增长的不利影响，以及破坏全球金融体系的完整性和法治，我们将加强二十国集团的反腐败国际合作，同时充分尊重国际法、人权、法治以及各国主权。3.当我们看到来自我们国家的人获得诺贝尔奖时心里产生的那种自豪感，与我们看到我国运动员收获奥运奖牌时油然而生的自豪感不同。我们内心并不会有一种优越感认为我们的民族优于其他民族，恰恰相反，获得诺贝尔奖的自豪感是源于得知我们当中的某个人对全人类的共同努力做出了重大贡献。17. 单选题It was obvious that muc

60、h of what they had recorded was far from（ ）.问题1选项A.the truthB.trueC.accuracyD.factual【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。far from the truth意为“远非事实”。句意：很明显，他们所记录的大部分都不是事实。所以选项A正确。18. 单选题The health administrative department of a city with districts shall designate at least one（ ）medical institution to take and treat AIDS

61、 victims and AIDS virus carriers.问题1选项A.illegibleB.legibleC.eligibleD.ineligible【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项illegible“字迹模糊的”；B选项legible“清晰的”；C选项eligible“合格的，符合条件的”；D选项ineligible“不合格的”。句意：设区的市卫生行政部门应当指定至少一家符合条件的医疗机构，接收和治疗艾滋病患者和艾滋病病毒携带者。选项C符合句意。19. 翻译题Directions: Choose two of the following sentences and tran

62、slate them into English. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 5 points each)Note: You are required to translate 2 of the following sentences.1、世界是丰富多彩的，各种文明和社会体制应当求同存异并，取长补短。我们不能照搬照抄别国的政治制度。2、世界上很难找出政党制度和政治制度完全相同的国家。各国有各国的国情。关键的是要有利于经济发展和政治稳定，维护和实现人民的根本利益。3、腐败作为一种社会历史现象，古今中外很多社会都有。现在世

63、界上没有哪个国家能说已经完全消除了腐败。只有程度的不同。4、不谋万世者，不足谋一时；不谋全局者，不足谋一域。5、子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉；择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”【答案】1. Our world is diverse and colorful. All kinds of civilizations and socialist systems should seek common ground while reserving differences and learn from each other to make up deficiencies. We should not copy the political system of ot