2022年考博英语-四川大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第181期

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1、2022年考博英语-四川大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I （ ） this soup, I （ ） pepper in it.问题1选项A.am tasting.am tastingB.am tasting.tasteC.taste. am tastingD.taste.have tasted【答案】B【解析】第一个taste是动态动词, 表示动作正在进行；第二个taste是感官动词, 用原型。2. 单选题（ ） more important, not only the lost cities were recovered, but the new cities were

2、built.问题1选项A.That isB.It isC.BecauseD.What is【答案】D【解析】句意：更重要的是, 不仅找回了丢失的城市, 而且建造了新的城市。3. 单选题These goods are sold at reduced prices, （ ） .问题1选项A.the defects are pointed out to the customersB.the defects pointed out to the customersC.the defects have been pointed out to the customersD.the defects bein

3、g pointed out to the customers【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构。现在分词短语做状语，起补充说明的作用。选项A，B，C结构完整，如果放于句中缺少连词，所以选项D正确。4. 单选题There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most （1 ） held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder even if it means （2 ） the pavement into a busy street! （3 ） you must pass under

4、a ladder you can （4 ）bad luck by crossing your fingers and （5 ） them crossed until you have seen a dog. （6 ） , you may lick your finger and （7 ） across on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the （8 ） has dried. Another common （9 ） is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in t

5、he houseit will either bring （10 ） to the person who opened it or to the whole （11 ） . Anyone opening an umbrella in fine weather is （12 ） , as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month （13） on a Friday, anyone wishing to avoid a bad e

6、vent had better stay （14） , the worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, （15） it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to （16） in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky i

7、n Britain, even though they are （17） witchcraft.It is （18 ）lucky if a black cat crosses your pathalthough in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood （19 ） luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something tha

8、t is tempting fate, such as “my car has never （20） , touch wood?”问题1选项A.broadlyB.widelyC.quicklyD.speedily问题2选项A.running fromB.jumping offC.stepping offD.keeping from问题3选项A.IfB.AsC.ThoughD.Unless问题4选项A.eraseB.removeC.avoidD.ease问题5选项A.keepB.keepingC.keptD.to keep问题6选项A.ConsequentlyB.HoweverC.Compara

9、tivelyD.Alternatively问题7选项A.makeB.printC.performD.produce问题8选项A.labelB.symbolC.markD.cut问题9选项A.argumentB.superstitionC.opinionD.idea问题10选项A.lossB.difficultyC.tragedyD.misfortune问题11选项A.houseB.householdC.homeD.circle问题12选项A.unwiseB.unintelligentC.unpopularD.unfortunate问题13选项A.fallsB.arrivesC.dropsD.h

10、appens问题14选项A.awayB.outdoorsC.indoorsD.far问题15选项A.whenB.asC.ifD.though问题16选项A.have originatedB.be originatingC.originatedD.be originate问题17选项A.concerned aboutB.related withC.associated withD.connected in问题18选项A.especiallyB.speciallyC.frequentlyD.rarely问题19选项A.asB.forC.inD.of问题20选项A.broken upB.broken

11、 offC.broken awayD.broken down【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:B第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:B第16题:A第17题:C第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）副词辨析。broadly大体的；widely广泛的。根据原文：在英国有许多迷信，但其中最广为流传的是.选项B符合原文。（2）running from飞奔似的逃离；jumping off跳下来；stepping off步测；keeping from隐瞒，阻止。从人行道上走到繁忙的街道上, 用ste

12、p off。（3）这里指假设：如果你一定要从梯子下走过.。（4）霉运只能避开，不能消除，所以选项C正确。（5）根据and 前面的crossing可知这里也应该用ing形式。所以选项B正确。（6）根据下文的内容可知，这里指避开霉运的另一种方法，选项D正确。（7）make a cross为固定搭配，意为画十字。（8）根据原文可知，填空处填入的词指代上句提到的在鞋上画的十字。用mark最恰当。（9）上文提到的一个迷信已经描述完毕，这里指另一个迷信，选项B正确。（10）上文提到的迷信会给人带来不幸（unlucky），这里也指不幸，所以选项B正确。（11）根据原文可知，在室内撑伞不仅给个人, 甚至会给家

13、庭带来不幸，选项B正确。（12）原文指：不论是谁, 在天气好的时候撑伞都是不受欢迎的，因为这必然会导致下雨。选项C符合语境。（13）fall on为固定搭配，意为轮到, 恰逢。原文指：当这个月的第13天恰好是星期五时.（14）根据原文：当这个月的第13天恰好是星期五时，要是想避开不好的事情，最好是待在家里。stay indoors指待在家里，符合句意。（15）根据原文：一个人最大的不幸是打碎了镜子，因为这会带来好几年的坏运气。选项B符合句意。（16）原文指过去发生的事情对现在的影响, 所以用现在完成时。选项A正确。（17）将.与.联系在一起用associated with。concerned

14、about关心，担忧；related with使相关，使符合，这里没有被动的意思，所以不选B；connected一般与to搭配。所以选项C正确。（18）根据句意：如果有一只黑猫穿过你面前的路，你那就特别幸运了。选项A符合句意。specially专门地；frequently频繁地；rarely罕见地。（19）for表目的, 原文指：触摸木头, 以此来获得好运。（20）根据原文：如果你认为自己说了一些冒险的话，比如“我的车从没坏过，碰木头吧?”选项D符合句意。break up分手；break off断裂；break away挣脱；break down损坏。5. 单选题_, he does not

15、love her.问题1选项A.As he likes her very muchB.Though much he likes herC.Much although he likes herD.Much though he likes her【答案】D【解析】考查让步状语从句。as引导让步状语从句，句子需倒装，所以选项A错误；although和though可互换，但although在句中不需要倒装，所以选项C错误；though在句中需要倒装，但选项B语序不当，所以选项D正确。6. 单选题He said it would not be all that difficult to reach a

16、peaceful conclusion to the（ ） .问题1选项A.paradoxB.dilemmaC.prejudiceD.conflict【答案】D【解析】paradox似非而是的论点，自相矛盾的话；dilemma困境，进退两难；prejudice偏见，成见；conflict冲突，争执，矛盾。句意：他说并不是所有的冲突都很难达成和平解决的共识。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题The farmer out up iron fences around the flower （ ） garden neighbors sheep should break in.问题1选项A.on condit

17、ion thatB.now thatC.lestD.but【答案】C【解析】on condition that如果；now that既然, 由于；lest唯恐, 以免。句意：为了防止邻居家的羊搞破坏, 农民在花园周围搭起了铁栅栏。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world(physical and biological sciences), and scie

18、nces dealing with mankind(psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences in philosophy, about which we will talk shortly.In the first place, all this is pure or theoritical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of und

19、erstanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is essential and substantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed. and the world was of a certain kind. that he was in the world and that he himself was a

20、certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects of applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results

21、of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and independence of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagin

22、ation of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. T

23、he first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modem electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake,

24、 because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.1.In the authors opinion, （ ） .2.The most important advances made by man come from （ ） .3.T

25、he Greeks who studied conic sections （ ） .4.The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is（ ） .5.It can be inferred from the passage that mans need to know is chiefly important in that it （ ）.问题1选项A.both social and natural sciences are aimed at understanding onlyB.both pure know le

26、dge and its applications are equally essential to manC.philosophy is totally independent of the sciences referred to in the textD.the revolutionary results of pure science can hardly be imagined by Utopians问题2选项A.technical applicationsB.apparently useless informationC.the natural sciencesD.the study

27、 of philosophy问题3选项A.invented modern mathematical applicationsB.were interested in navigationsC.were unaware of the value of their studiesD.were forced to resign themselves to failure问题4选项A.The Importance of Technical ProgressB.A Little Learning Is a Dangerous ThingC.Learning For Its Own SakeD.Mans

28、Distinguishing Characteristics问题5选项A.allows the human race to progress technicallyB.comprises both the physical and social sciencesC.demonstrates human adaptabilityD.defines his essential humanity【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.根据第二段的第一句“all this is.substantial to man.”可知选项A错误, 社会和自然科学的纯理论的目的在于理解

29、, 但不是科学本身；根据第二段的最后一句“The technical aspects.are of the greatest importance,”可知选项B正确；根据第一段的最后一句“Apart from these sciences in philosophy about which we will talk shortly.”选项C说哲学完全独立于文中提到的科学是不正确的, apart from指除.之外, 还有., 所以哲学本身也是科学, 所以选项C错误；根据第三段“but not the.except by the imagination of the Utopians.”可知选项

30、D刚好与原文描述的相反, 所以错误。2.根据第三段的第二句“Knowledge. in large part unforeseen”追求直接用于应用的知识会带来立即的可预见的成功, 但却不是那种重大的成功, 也就是说人类最重要的成功还是来自于技术的应用。因此, 选项A为正确答案。3.根据第三段“If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it someday

31、 be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore.”可知希腊数学家们没有意识到他们研究的价值。选项C符合原文。4.根据第三段的最后两句“Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake,. sought disinterestedly.”,选项C符合原文主旨。5.根据第三段的最后一句“it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached

32、if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.”如果人类没有无私的追求这些理论知识, 就没有取得实际成果的基础, 所以选项A符合原文。9. 单选题While some office jobs would seem （ ） to many people, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying.问题1选项A.hostileB.tediousC.fantasticD.courageous【答案】B【解析】hostile敌对的, 充满

33、敌意的；tedious单调乏味的；fantastic极好的；courageous勇敢的。根据句意可知, 填空处应该是和下文提到的刺激, 令人兴奋和令人满意相反意义的词。所以选项B符合句意。10. 单选题（ ） touching in OHenrys stories is the gallantry with which ordinary people struggle to maintain their dignity.问题1选项A.Most isB.It mostly isC.Is it mostD.What is most【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。what引导的名词性从句作主语，所以

34、选项D正确。句意：在欧亨利的故事中，最感人的是普通人为维护自己的尊严而斗争的英勇行为。11. 单选题This （ ） girl is Marys cousin.问题1选项A.pretty little SwedishB.Swedish little prettyC.Swedish pretty littleD.little pretty Swedish【答案】A【解析】考查多个形容词修饰名词时的词序。通常顺序是:限定词表示说话人评价的形容词表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词表示颜色的形容词表示国别、来源、材料的形容词表示用途或目的的形容词或分词, 名词等类别词名词中心词。根据规则, 选项A正确。12

35、. 单选题Paintings are static. The uniqueness of the experience of looking at a painting repeatedlyover a period of days or yearsis that, in the midst of flux, the image remains changeless. Of course the significance of the image may change, as a result of either historical or personal developments, but

36、 depicted is unchanging the same milk flowing from the same jug, the waves on the sea with exactly the same formation unbroken, the smile and the face which have not altered.One might be tempted to say that paintings preserve a moment. Yet on reflection this is obviously untrue. For the moment of a

37、painting, unlike a moment photographed, never existed as such. And so a painting cannot be said to preserve it.If a painting stops, time, it is not, like a photograph, preserving a moment of the past from the supersession of succeeding moments. I am thinking of the image within the frame, the scene

38、which is depicted. Clearly if one considers an artists life-work or the history of art, one is treating paintings as being, partly, records of the past, evidence of what has been. Yet this historical view, whether used within a Marxist or idealist tradition, has prevented most art experts from consi

39、deringor even noticingthe problem of how time exists (or does not) within painting.In early Renaissance art, in paintings from non-European cultures, in certain modem works, the image implies a passage of time. Looking at it, the spectator sees before, during and after. The Chinese sage takes a walk

40、 from one tree to another, the carriage runs over the child, the nude descends the staircase. And this of course has been analyzed and commented upon. Yet the ensuing image is still static whilst referring to the dynamic world beyond its edges, and this poses the problem of what is the meaning of th

41、at strange contrast between static and dynamic. Strange because it is both so flagrant and so taken for granted.Painters themselves practise a partial answer, even if it remains unformulated in words. When is a painting finished? Not when it finally corresponds to something already existinglike the

42、second shoe of a pairbut when the foreseen ideal moment of it being looked at is filled as the painter feels or calculates it should be filled. The long or short process of painting a picture is the process of constructing the future moments when it will be looked at In reality, despite the painters

43、 ideal, these moments cannot be entirely determined. They can never be entirely filled by the painting. Nevertheless the painting is entirely addressed to these moments.Whether the painter is a hack or a master makes no difference to the address of the painting. The difference is in what a painting

44、delivers; in how closely the moment of its being looked at, as foreseen by the painter, corresponds to the interests of the actual moments of its being looked at later by other people, when the circumstances surrounding its production (patronage, fashion, ideology) have changed.1.Which of the follow

45、ing statements is TRUE according to the text?2.What does the pronoun “it” in the last line of the 4th paragraph refer to?3.When is a painting finished according to the author?4.It can be inferred from the text that ( ).5.The best title for this text might be ( ) . 问题1选项A.A specific moment is preserv

46、ed the time a painting is created.B.The content of a painting remains static though its implication may keep changing.C.A painting stops time in that it depicts a moment of the past and fixes it within the frame.D.A Marxist view tends to see a painting as changing all the time.问题2选项A.The ensuing ima

47、ge.B.The problem.C.The meaning of the contrastD.The contrast between static and dynamic.问题3选项A.When it realistically depicts something in the real world.B.When the artist foresees how his painting will be received by the public.C.When the moment of its being looked at corresponds to the artists expe

48、ctation of how its going to be looked at.D.When the artist can determine the moment when it will be looked at.问题4选项A.images in some Renaissance paintings may hot necessarily be staticB.paintings by a hack or by a master are the same in that they address the same peopleC.whether a painting is static

49、or dynamic is determined not by the painter but by those who look at itD.unlike a painting, a photograph can preserve a moment问题5选项A.Painting and TimeB.Painters and Their WorksC.The Static and the DynamicD.The History of Painting as a Form of Art【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第三句“Of course

50、 the significance of the image may change, as a result of either historical or personal developments, but depicted is unchanging.”选项B一幅画的内容保持不变, 尽管它的含义可能不断变化, 正确。2.根据上一句“., and this poses the problem of what is the meaning of that strange contrast between static and dynamic.”这就产生了一个问题：静态和动态之间的这种奇怪对比

51、究竟是什么意思。所以正确答案为D。3.根据第五段的第三句“Not when it finally corresponds to something already existing.but when the foreseen ideal moment of it being looked at is filled as the painter feels or calculates it should be filled.”选项C符合原文。4.根据原文可推断出选项C正确, 一幅画是静态的还是动态的不是由画家决定的, 而是由观看者决定的。5.根据原文内容可知选项D更符合原文。选项A, B, C都

52、只是其中的一部分。13. 单选题The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over their members and for invading the privacy of those members has caused considerable concern.The privacy issue has been raised most insistently with respect to the creation and maintenance of data f

53、iles that assemble information about persons from a multitude of sources.Files of this kind would be Kighly valuable for many kinds of economic and social research, but they are bought at too high a price if they endanger human freedom or seriously enhance their opportunities of blackmailers. While

54、such dangers should not be ignored, it should be noted that the lack of comprehensive data files has never before been the limiting barrier to the suppression of human freedom.Making the computer the villain in the invasion of privacy or encroachment on civil liberties simply divers attention from t

55、he real dangers. Computer data bank files can and must be given the highest degree of protection form abuse. But we must be careful also, that we do not employ such crude methods of protection as to deprive our society of important data it needs to understand its down social processes and to analyze

56、 its problems.Perhaps the most important question of all about the computer is what it has come and will do to man, view of himself and his place in the universe. The most heated attacks on the computer are not focused on its possible economic effects, its presumed destruction of job satisfaction, o

57、r its threat to privacy and liberty，but upon the claim that it causes people to be viewed, and to view themselves, as machines.What the computer and progress in artificial intelligence challenge are an ethic that rests on mans apartness from the rest of nature. An alternative ethic, of course, views

58、 man as a part of nature, governed by nature law, subject to the forces of gravity and the demands of his body. The debate about artificial intelligence and the simulation of mans thinking is,in considerable part,a confrontation of these two views of mans place in the universe.1.Why is it important

59、to prevent the abuse of computer data bands?2.Which of the following is not true about date files?3.Too much caution in the use of computers will_.4.What lessons can be learned from the past in this decade?5.The arrival of the computer has made man_. 问题1选项A.To protect the right of the individual.B.T

60、o maintain discipline in society.C.To encourage economic and social research.D.To collect wide-ranging information.问题2选项A.It may cause invasion of privacy.B.Dangers caused by it should be paid much attention to.C.Computer data files should be protected from abuse.D.It is reasonable to cancel data fi

61、les in order to protect privacy.问题3选项A.prevent the solution of economic problemsB.cause more suppression of human freedomC.lead to clumsy methods of protectionD.interfere with our study of society问题4选项A.Private issue has always been associated with data collection.B.Attacks on freedom are new.C.The accumulation of data encourages oppression.D.Privacy has been a neglected