2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第68期

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1、2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题When I（ ）my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.问题1选项A.woke upB.took toC.picked upD.came to【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。come to ones sense 意为“清醒过来；恢复理性”。句意：当我回过神来，发现自己正裹在小房间的床上，奶奶正俯身看着我。选项D符合语境。2. 单选题From this materia

2、l we can（ ）hundreds of what you may call direct products.问题1选项A.deriveB.discernC.diminishD.displace【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项derive“源自，获得”；B选项discern“觉察出，识别”；C选项diminish“减少，缩小”；D选项displace“取代”。根据句意：我们能够从这个材料中 数百个你称之为直接产品的东西。根据介词短语from this material 可知，这里应该是表示来源并且能够与介词 from搭配，所以只有选项A符合要求。3. 单选题American and

3、Chinese cultures are（1）in some ways. An American hostess,（2）for her culinary (烹调) skill, is likely to say, “Oh, Im so glad you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.” Not so a Chinese hostess, who will instead（3）for giving you nothing even slightly（4）and for not showing you enough honor（5）providi

4、ng proper dishes.The same rules hold true（6）children. American parents speak proudly of their childrens achievements, telling how Johnny made the school team or Jane made the honor roll. Not so Chinese parents, whose children, even if at the top of their school, are always so “naughty”, never studyi

5、ng, never listening to their elders, and so forth.The Chinese take pride in “modesty”; Americans（7）“straightforwardness”. This modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness（8）three refusals before one accepts an offer, and American hosts take a “no” to mean “non

6、”, whether its the first, second, or third time.Recently, a member of a delegation sent to China by a large American corporation, complained to me about how the Chinese had asked them three times if they would be willing to change some proposal, and each time the Americans had said “no” clearly and（

7、9）. My friend was angry that the Chinese had not taken his word the first time. I recognized the problem immediately and（10）why the Americans had not studied up on cultural difference before coming to China. It would have saved everyone a lot of perplexity and needless frustration in their negotiati

8、ons.问题1选项A.similarB.familiarC.oppositeD.adverse问题2选项A.complimentedB.compiledC.complementedD.commented问题3选项A.praiseB.apologizeC.be disappointedD.be satisfied问题4选项A.eligibleB.illegibleC.suitableD.edible问题5选项A.forB.onC.byD.in问题6选项A.regard forB.regard asC.regardless ofD.with regard to问题7选项A.inB.ofC.forD

9、.on问题8选项A.calls onB.calls forC.calls upD.calls in问题9选项A.ambiguouslyB.roughlyC.definitelyD.arbitrarily问题10选项A.believedB.knewC.cautionedD.wondered【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C第6题:D第7题:A第8题:B第9题:C第10题:D【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项similar “相似的”；B选项familiar“熟悉的”；C选项opposite“相反的”；D选项adverse“不利的”。由后文可知此处的意思是美国和中国的文

10、化在某些方面是不同的。因此C选项符合题意。2.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 complimented“称赞”；B选项compiled“汇编”；C选项complemented“补足”；D选项commented“评论”。此处的意思是美国的女主人被称赞厨艺不错时。因此A选项符合题意。3.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 praise“表扬”；B选项apologize“道歉”；C选项be disappointed“失望”；D选项be satisfied“满意”。此处的意思是中国的主人会向你道歉。因此B选项符合题意。4.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项eligible“合格的”；B选项illegible“难辨认的”；C选

11、项suitable“适当的”；D选项edible“可食用的”。此处的意思是没什么好吃的饭菜。因此D选项符合题意。5.考查介词辨析。A选项for“为了”；B选项on“在上面”；C选项by“通过”；D选项in“在里面”。此处的意思是没有提供适当的菜肴来表示对你的尊敬。因此C选项符合题意。6.考查词组辨析。A选项regard for“对的注意”；B选项regard as“把认作”；C选项regardless of“不顾”；D选项with regard to“关于”。此处的意思是这样的规则在关于对待孩子的方面也有体现。因此D选项符合题意。7.考查介词辨析。take pride in“以为傲”。此处对应

12、了前文的take pride in，表示美国人提倡坦率。因此A选项符合题意。8.考查词组辨析。A选项calls on“访问”；B选项calls for“要求”；C选项calls up“召集”；D选项calls in“召来”。此处的意思是中国人的礼貌要求他们在接受什么东西之前，一定要推脱两三回。因此B选项符合题意。9.考查副词词义辨析。A选项ambiguously“含糊不清地”；B选项roughly“粗糙地”；C选项definitely“肯定地”；D选项arbitrarily“武断地”。此处的意思是美国人清楚而绝对地说“不”。因此C选项符合题意。10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项believed“相

13、信”；B选项knew“知道”；C选项cautioned“警告”；D选项wondered“想知道”。此处的意思是想知道为什么这些美国人来中国前没有提前了解一下中国不同的文化。因此D选项符合题意。4. 单选题Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could（ ）.问题1选项A.descendB.declineC.deteriorateD.depress【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项descen

14、d“下降”，多指从高处落向低处；B选项decline“衰退”，多指数量，质量或价值的下降；C选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”；D选项depress“压抑，使沮丧”。根据句意：总有一天，软件可以很好地翻译书面语和口语，以至于对通用第二语言的需求可能会减少。这里是指需求减少，所以选项B最恰当。5. 单选题The indomitable spirit displayed by athletes embodies the new look of this nation.问题1选项A.specificB.unsubduableC.determinedD.industrious【答案】B【解析】考

15、查形容词词义辨析。A选项specific“特定的”；B选项unsubduable“不屈不挠的”；C选项determined“坚决的”；D选项industrious“勤勉的”。句意：运动员们不屈不挠的精神体现了这个国家的新面貌。划线部分indomitable是不屈不挠的意思。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题There was a（ ）drop in support for the Union in the 1974 election.问题1选项A.delicateB.distinctC.distantD.downward【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项delicate“微妙的”；B选项d

16、istinct“明显的”；C选项distant“冷漠的”；D选项downward“向下的”。句意：在1974年的选举中，支持联邦的人数明显下降。本句表示支持率明显下降，因此B选项正确。7. 单选题There are Americans who visit France and come back saying “the French are so rude. ”I feel differently. I think Americans perceive French behavior “rude” because it doesnt follow American rules. You can

17、t assume that everyone in France should speak English. You cant approach a French stranger with a big American hello and “how are you” and expect them to respond in kind. However, if you look them in the eye, give a slight nod with a gentle hello, they will respond favorably.Most French people I mee

18、t are subtle and dignified. They are not loud, and they are reserved in their expressions. We like to say words like “great”, “magnificent”, or “marvelous ”The French will say “pas mal” (not bad) even if they win the lottery! And you will be wrong if you think Europeans dont have their own negative

19、idea of Americans. Most young Europeans Ive met view Americans as “fake” and loud, since we do tend to have big hellos and smiles for strangers and ask “how are you” and walk away before a response. We should make a conscious effort to show the French that we can adjust to our surroundings, and that

20、 we dont expect to enter a foreign country and have everything be just as we wish it to be.I wasnt able to completely forget my American roots during my stay. I was still the one getting strange looks wearing my sandals in the cold (with socks of course). I was still the one with the loudest laugh.

21、And I could never quite get my voice to that level which is “loud enough for the waiter to hear but not nearby diners” I will always feel a bit like an awkward teenager as I stumble my way around Europe. I was very lucky in that my French friends insisted my American idiosyncrasies (习性) were charmin

22、g and deserving of acceptance.So look at the French in a new light. They have a rich culture, a rich past. I can attest to the fact that if you are kind and polite, you will gain friends, and perhaps even improve foreign relations!1. According to the passage, what makes Americans think that the Fren

23、ch are rude?2.Compared with Americans, the French tend to（ ）when they give compliments.3.Which of the flowing does the author probably agree?4.The main purpose of the passage can be best put as to（ ）.问题1选项A.The way French people greet strangers in public is impolite and unkind.B.The way French peopl

24、e behave differs from what Americans are used to.C.Few French hold a friendly or favorable attitude toward English speakers.D.Few French respond to strangers gentle and kind greetings favorably.问题2选项A.speak at a loud and dignified voiceB.avoid using negative expressionsC.choose subtle and moderate e

25、xpressionsD.be generous and somewhat exaggerating问题3选项A.One should stick to his own culture when he communicates with foreigners.B.One should fully adapt to the cultural norms of a foreign country he lives in.C.One can keep some rules of his native culture when living in a foreign county.D.One can e

26、asily make friends with foreigners by learning their idiosyncrasies问题4选项A.explain a cultural concept by comparing two peoples behaviorsB.tell a true story based on the authors own experience in a foreign countryC.prove a popular view on a nation by use of logical reasoningD.refute a national stereot

27、ype with evidence from the authors own experience【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“I think Americans perceive French behavior rude because it doesnt follow American rules.”我认为美国人认为法国人的行为“粗鲁”，因为它不遵守美国的规则。A选项“法国人与陌生人在公众场合打招呼的方式是不礼貌和不友好的”，B选项“法国人与美国人的行为方式所习惯的不同”，C选项“很少有法国人对说英语的人持友好或有利的态度

28、”。D选项“很少有法国人会亲切地问候陌生人”。因此，B选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第二段首句“Most French people I meet are subtle and dignified.”A选项“大声而庄重的说话”，B选项“避免使用消极的表达”，C选项“选择微妙和适度的表达”。D选项“慷慨一点，夸张一点”。因此，C选项符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据题干定位到原文中的“I wasnt able to completely forget my American roots during my stay. I was still the one getting strang

29、e looks wearing my sandals in the cold (with socks of course).” 在逗留期间，我没能完全忘记我的美国根。我仍然是那个在寒冷的天气里穿着凉鞋(当然是袜子)，被别人奇怪地看着的人。对应C选项“一个人在异国他乡生活时，可以保持一些本国文化的规则”。A选项“当一个人与外国人交流时，他应该坚持自己的文化”。“We should make a conscious effort to show the French that we can adjust to our surroundings, and that we dont expect to

30、 enter a foreign country and have everything be just as we wish it to be.”我们应该有意识地向法国人表明，我们能够适应我们的环境，我们不希望进入一个外国，一切都像我们希望的那样。可得知A选项错误。B选项“一个人应该完全适应他所生活的外国的文化规范”，完全适应过于绝对。D选项“通过了解外国人的性格特点，我们可以很容易地和他们交朋友”。原文没有提到。因此，C选项符合题意。4.作者意图题。题目问的是这篇文章的主要目的最好的解释是什么，定位到文章的首段“There are Americans who visit France an

31、d come back saying the French are so rude. I feel differently. ”有些美国人到法国旅游回来后说:“法国人太粗鲁了。”我感觉不一样。后文也是用自己的亲身经历来反驳这些美国人的观点。A选项“通过比较两个人的行为来解释一个文化概念”，B选项“根据作者自己在国外的经历讲一个真实的故事”，C选项“用逻辑推理证明一个国家的流行观点”，D选项“用作者自己的经验来反驳国家的刻板印象”。因此，D选项符合题意。8. 单选题The old man（ ）defended the right of every citizen to freedom of ch

32、oice in religion which enabled him to win the respect of all people.问题1选项A.peculiarlyB.indifferentlyC.vigorouslyD.inevitably【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项peculiarly“尤其地”；B选项indifferently“冷淡地”；C选项vigorously“积极地”；D选项inevitably“不可避免地”。句意：老人积极地捍卫了每个公民选择宗教自由的权利，这使他赢得了所有人的尊重。本句表示积极地捍卫权利。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题We are sorry

33、to inform you that the shipment is not（ ）the standard in the contract.问题1选项A.due toB.according toC.prior toD.up to【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项due to“由于，归功于”，B选项according to “根据按照”，C选项prior to“在.之前，先于”，D选项up to“直到，胜任”。句意：我们很抱歉地通知你方所装运的货物不符合合同规定的标准。D选项符合句意。10. 单选题I waited until he had（ ）before I told him I was

34、 leaving and headed for the front door.问题1选项A.handed downB.calmed downC.turned downD.tracked down【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项handed down“把.传给，流传下来”，B选项calmed down“冷静，平静”，C选项turned down“拒绝，调低”，D选项tracked down“追捕，查出”，句意：我一直等到他平静下来，才告诉他我要离开并朝前门走去。因此，B选项符合句意。11. 单选题There is a standard method（ ）officers are selec

35、ted for promotion.问题1选项A.wherebyB.thatC.whereD.whereas【答案】B【解析】考查从句。A选项whereby“凭此，借以，由于”，B选项that“那个”，C选项where“哪里”，D选项whereas“然而，尽管”。句意：选拔军官晋升有一个标准的方法。因此, B选项符合句意。12. 单选题Gregory Currie, a professor of philosophy eat the University of Nottingham, recently argued in The New York Times that we ought not

36、 to claim that literature improves us as people, because there is no “compelling evidence that suggests that people are morally or socially better for reading Tolstoy” or other great books.Actually, there is such evidence. Raymond Mar, a psychologist at York University in Canada, and Keith Oatley, a

37、 professor of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto, reported in studies published in 2006 and 2009 that individuals who often read fiction appear to be better able to understand other people, empathize (起共鸣)with them and view the world from their perspective. This link persisted even af

38、ter the researchers factored in the possibility that more empathetic individuals might choose to read more novels.Recent research in cognitive science, psychology and neuroscience has demonstrated that deep reading of books is a distinctive experience, very different from the information-driven read

39、ing we do on the Web. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely conducive to the deep reading experience. A books lack of hyperlinks allows the reader to remain fully immersed in the narrative, without having

40、to make such decisions as whether to click on a link or not.That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity, by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unf

41、olding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even increasing our real-life capacity for empathy.This is not reading as many young people are comin

42、g to know it. Their reading, mostly done onscreen, is pragmatic and instrumental. If we allow our children to believe reading onscreen is all there is, we will have deprived them of an enjoyable and enlightening experience that will enlarge them as people. Instead molding our education around young

43、peoples attachment to digital devices and onscreen habits, we need to show them some place theyve never been to, a place only deep reading can take them to.1. Prof, Gregory Currie argues that（ ）.2.The studies of Raymond Mar and Keith Oatley show that（ ）.3.Deep reading of paper books compared with re

44、ading on the web（ ）.4.It can be learned from the passage that the author（ ）.问题1选项A.literature doesnt show peoples moral or social standardsB.only good literature shows peoples moral and social valuesC.reading fiction wont improve people morally or sociallyD.only reading great books benefits people m

45、orally and socially问题2选项A.empathetic people are more likely to read novels oftenB.empathetic people have a better perspective on the worldC.reading fiction encourages people to be more persistentD.reading fiction helps people understand others better问题3选项A.requires readers to do more careful thinkin

46、gB.enables readers to stay absorbed in the storyC.gives readers many links to other materialsD.allows readers to choose their future reading问题4选项A.supports use of digital devices in classroomB.prefers reading onscreen to reading paper booksC.takes a positive approach to education reformsD.holds a ne

47、gative attitude toward reading onscreen【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。 根据题干定位到文章首段，“recently argued in The New York Times that we ought not to claim that literature improves us as people, because there is no “compelling evidence that suggests that people are morally or socially better for readi

48、ng Tolstoy or other great books.”最近在纽约时报上提出，我们不应该声称文学提高了我们作为人的水平，因为没有“令人信服的证据表明，阅读托尔斯泰或其他伟大著作的人在道德上或社会上更优秀”。A选项“文学不能体现出人们的道德和社会水平”，B选项“只有好的文学可以体现人们的道德和社会水平”，C选项“阅读小说不会提高人们的道德或社会地位”，D选项“只有读伟大的书籍，才能使人在道德和社会上受益”。因此，C选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段的第二句话“individuals who often read fiction appear to be better

49、 able to understand other people, empathize (起共鸣)with them and view the world from their perspective.” 人经常读小说似乎能更好地理解他人,与他们起共鸣,从他们的角度看待这个世界。A选项“具有同理心的人更有可能经常阅读小说”，B选项“有同理心的人对世界有更好的看法”，C选项“读小说能使人更有毅力”, D选项“读小说可以帮助人们更好地理解别人”。因此，D选项符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第三段，“A books lack of hyperlinks allows the reader

50、 to remain fully immersed in the narrative, without having to make such decisions as whether to click on a link or not.”一本书没有超链接，读者可以完全沉浸在叙述中，而不必决定是否点击链接。A选项“要求读者做更细致的思考”，B选项“使读者在故事中保持专注”，C选项“给读者提供许多其他材料的链接”，D选项“允许读者选择未来的读物”。因此，B选项符合题意。4.观点态度题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段,“If we allow our children to believe readi

51、ng onscreen is all there is, we will have deprived them of an enjoyable and enlightening experience that will enlarge them as people.”如果我们允许我们的孩子相信在屏幕上阅读就是一切，我们就剥夺了他们一种愉快而有启发性的体验，而这种体验可以扩大他们的知识面。A选项“支持在课堂上使用数字设备”，B选项“比起纸质书，作者更喜欢看屏幕”，C选项“对教育改革采取积极的态度”，D选项“对屏幕阅读持消极态度的人”。因此，D选项符合题意。13. 单选题To my surpris

52、e, the young man was resourceful enough to find infinite ways to express his emotions with gestures.问题1选项A.plentifulB.versatileC.imaginaryD.imaginative【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项plentiful“丰富的”；B选项versatile“多才多艺的”；C选项imaginary“想象的”；D选项imaginative“富有想象力的”。句意：令我惊讶的是，这个年轻人竟然足够机智，能用手势来表达自己的情感。划线部分resourceful是机智

53、的、资源丰富的意思。因此B选项正确。14. 单选题All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read（ ）letters from their families.问题1选项A.sentimentalB.affectionateC.intimateD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sentimental“多愁善感的”；B选项affectionate“深情的，充满爱的”；C选项intimate“亲密的”；D选项sensitive“敏感的”。根据句意可知，来自亲人的应该是深情的，充满爱的信件，

54、所以选项B符合语境。15. 翻译题I dont recall French civilization feeling so important in my lifetime. There will be ugly arguments over the coming weeks, once the first shock passes, over who was responsible, how this disaster happened, what negligence was involved. But in those silent, reverent, hymn-singing cro

55、wds on the streets of Paris, I also saw the possibility of a French coming-together in the determination to rebuild not only the Notre-Dame cathedral, but also a nation shaken by the violence of the Yellow Vest movement and the social divisions it reflects. The story of Notre-Dame is a story of endu

56、rance and rebirth.【答案】在我的一生中，法国文明从未有过如此重要的感觉。在接下来的几周内，一旦第一波冲击过去，谁应该对此负责，这场灾难是如何发生的，哪些过失牵涉其中，将会有令人不快的争论。但在那些沉默的,虔诚的,只需人群在巴黎街头,我也看到了一个法国相遇了的可能性的决心重建不仅圣母院大教堂,也是一个国家遭受的暴力黄色背心运动和社会部门反映。巴黎圣母院的故事是一个关于忍耐和重生的故事。16. 单选题The vast majority of people in any culture will（ ）to the established standards of that cult

57、ure.问题1选项A.conformB.confineC.confirmD.confront【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“conform”，意为“相符合”，B选项“confine”，意为“监禁，限制”，C选项“confirm”，意为“证明 ，确认”，D选项“confront”，意为“面对，遭遇”。句意：任何文化中的大多数人都会和该文化的既定标准保持一致。A选项符合句意。17. 翻译题在西方，启蒙思想的支撑源于人们对于客观规律的认知，如哥白尼的“日心说”、牛顿的“万有引力”、伽利略的“宇宙论”等，认为整个宇宙中的一切物体都遵守同一定律，进而冲破千年的宗教束缚，将这一一理性思考引入了人类

58、社会，从而开创了一个不断进取的新时代。在中国，几千年的封建农业社会，使得科技落后、法治传统缺乏，只是受到近代西方启蒙思想(包括马克思主义)的影响，才引入了科学、民主、法治的概念，开始与世界文明接轨。【答案】In the west, the enlightenment of the support from the people for the objective laws of cognition, such as Copernicusheliocentric theory , “gravity” of Newton, Galileos “cosmology” etc, think that

59、everything in the universe are subject to the same law, to shake off the yoke of the religion in one thousand will be the one to think rationally the introduction of human society, which opened a new era of continuous improvement. In China, the thousands of years of feudal agricultural society made

60、science and technology backward and the tradition of rule of law lacking. It was only under the influence of modern western enlightenment thoughts (including Marxism) that the concepts of science, democracy and rule of law were introduced and began to connect with the world civilization.18. 单选题We ca

61、nnot imagine what a tough job it is to read music from a photocopy of a handwritten（ ）in old German.问题1选项A.submissionB.manuscriptC.substanceD.manipulation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项submission“屈服，提交”，B选项manuscript“手稿，手抄本”，C选项substance“物质，要旨”，D选项manipulation“操纵，篡改”，句意：我们无法想象从古德语手抄本上阅读音乐是一项多么困难的工作。因此，B选项符合句意。1

62、9. 单选题Its time you（ ）some reading or the other students will leave you behind.问题1选项A.got down toB.adapted toC.held on toD.attended to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项got down to“开始认真”；B选项adapted to“适应于”；C选项held on to“坚持”；D选项attended to“注意”。句意：你该认真读书了，否则其他学生就会把你甩在后面。本句表示开始认真读书。因此A选项正确。20. 单选题David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much（ ）to who compete well.问题1选项A.prestigeB.regimeC.superiorityD.legislation【答案】A【解析】考查名词词