2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第96期

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1、2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题In this section , there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campai

2、gn: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U. S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont a

3、ppeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations -trucking, financial advice, software engineering-have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. T

4、he Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites(反对技术进步者）whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms , but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and fr

5、ee workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.Technology will improve society in ways big or small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying t

6、he machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.【答案】在中产阶级面临的诸多恼人挑战中，有一个很可能在下届总统竞选中会被忽视：当机器人来抢饭碗时会发生什么?不要完全排除这种可能性。牛津大学的一项研究显示，美国约有一半的工作面临着被自动化取代的高风险，中产阶级受到了不成比例的挤压。像园艺或日托这样的低收入工作对机器人没有吸引力。但许多中产阶级的职业-卡车运输、金融咨询、软件工程-已经引起了他们的兴趣，或者很快就会引起他们

7、的兴趣。富人拥有机器人，所以他们会没事的。这不是危言耸听。乐观主义者指出，技术变革在过去曾使工人受益。工业革命对反对技术进步者来说并不那么顺利，他们的工作被机械化的织布机取代了，但工业革命最终提高了生活水平，创造的就业岗位比被摧毁的要多。同样，自动化最终应该会提高生产率，通过压低价格来刺激需求，让工人从繁重、乏味的工作中解脱出来。但从中期来看，中产阶级工人可能需要大量帮助来进行调整。未来几年，技术将大大小小的改善社会，但对于那些发现自己的生活和事业被自动化颠覆的人来说，这并不是什么安慰。摧毁那些为我们工作而来的机器将是疯狂的。但帮助工人适应的政策将是不可或缺的。2. 单选题Many priva

8、te institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. We have no obligation to same them simply because they exist.But many thriving institutions th

9、at deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial squeeze, with now way to reduce rising cost or increase revenues significantly. Raising tuition doesnt bring in more revenue, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or

10、 the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many st

11、udents. Even a very good college is a very bad business.It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Effects to save them and preferably to keep them private, are national necessities. There is n

12、o basis for arguing that private schools are inherently better than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore dive

13、rsity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous. In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good . Arden

14、t supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education.1.In the authors opinion, schools are bad business because of （ ）.2.The author used the phrase “go under” in the third paragraph to mean （ ）.3.We have reasonably conclude from the passage that the auth

15、or made an appeal to the public in order to support（ ）.4.Which of the following is not mentioned?问题1选项A.mismanagementB.too few studentsC.too many studentsD.the nature of schools问题2选项A.get into difficultiesB.have low enrollmentC.have low tuitionD.bring in more money问题3选项A.public institutionsB.private

16、 schoolsC.uniformity of educationD.equality of education问题4选项A.High-quality private schools deserve to be saved.B.If the tuition is raised, the enrollment goes down.C.There are many cases that public schools are better than private schools.D.Private schools have more money than public schools.【答案】第1

17、题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。从文章第二段倒数第三句Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise. 可知，不论是公立还是私立，经营学校都是一件失败的生意，这不总是因为管理不善，而是因为办企业的本质。再根据文章下一句“They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt eith

18、er from too few students or too many students. 学校在每一位消费者身上都会赔钱，太少或者太多的生源都会迫使学校走向破产。所以说学校是一桩赔本的买卖是由学校的本质所决定的。D选项正确。2.判断推理题。根据文章第三段前两句 “It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. 正是这样的大学，欣欣向荣却岌岌可

19、危，我担心入学率低并不是他们的首要问题。即使是全额注册，他们也可能会倒闭。”确定第三段讲述的是学校是如何入不敷出、经营不善的。A选项符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段倒数第五句和倒数第二句“In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. 在一个不完美的社会里，多样化是一件积极的好事。公共机构将占主导地位

20、，这是不可避免的，因此多样化是国家的需要。”确定作者并不倾向于哪一种性质的学校，他提倡的是教育的多样性，即教育的平等性。D选项符合题意。4.判断推理题。从第一段第二、三句 “Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. 不是每一所学校都能被拯救，也不是每一所学校都值得呗拯救。质量低劣的学校就像经营不善的生意一样存在着。” 推断A选项只有那些办学质量高的学校才值得被拯救正确

21、；根据文章第二段第三句“for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down因为每一次伴随着学费的升高，入学率 就会下降”推断B选项如果学费上涨，入学率就会下降。正确。再根据文章第三段第四、五、六句“There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently better than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound. Anyone can name state universities and colle

22、ges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. 没有理由说私立学校天生就比公立学校好，相反的例子比比皆是。任何人都能说出美国和世界上最好的州立大学和学院的名字。”推断C选项有的公立学校的办学质量好于私立学校正确；D选项说私立学校比公立学校更有钱的说法文章中没有提到。所以本题选D。3. 单选题Remember to ask for a （ ）of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.promi

23、seC.certificateD.receipt【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项warranty“保证，担保”；B选项promise“许诺，允诺”；C选项certificate“证书”；D选项receipt“收据”。句意：记住要对这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们将不提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。4. 单选题It is often difficult to（ ）between a mere exaggeration and a deliberately lying.问题1选项A.disguiseB.cultivateC.originateD.discriminate【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题

24、。A选项disguise“掩饰，隐瞒”；B选项cultivate“培养”；C选项originate“引起，创作”；D选项discriminate“区别，辨别”。句意：人们常常很难区分纯粹夸张和故意撒谎。选项D符合语境。5. 单选题（ ）is forbidden in some states in the United States for religious reasons, while it is permitted in some other states.问题1选项A.ConceptionB.AbortionC.DeliveryD.Perception【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项

25、Conception“怀孕”；B选项Abortion“堕胎，流产”；C选项Delivery“分娩”；D选项Perception“感知”。句意：由于宗教原因，美国有些州禁止堕胎，而有些州允许堕胎。选项B更符合语境。6. 翻译题Translate the following paragraph into English.中国发展已经取得了巨大的成就，但我们清楚地认识到，中国还是最大的发展中国家，人均国内生产总值(per capita GDP)在世界排名不高，科技水平与发达国家有较大差距。经济正在进行提质增效，但仍然存在着很多制约发展的体制和机制(systemic and institutional

26、) 障碍。中国要实现更大更好的发展，到21世纪中叶进入中等发达国家行列，关键是坚持走改革创新之路，进一步解放思想，把人民群众的创造潜能充分激发出来，使整个社会充满生机活力，形成支撑发展源源不断的动力。【答案】China has made great achievements in its development. But we are fully aware that China is still the largest developing country. Its per capita GDP is not high in the world ranking, and its level

27、of science and technology lags far behind that of developed countries. The economy is improving in quality and efficiency, but there are still systemic and institutional obstacles to development. To achieve greater and better development and join the ranks of medium-developed countries by the middle

28、 of the 21st century, the key for China is to stay on the path of reform and innovation, further emancipate the mind, fully unleash the creative potential of the people, invigorate the whole society, and create a steady stream of driving force for development.7. 单选题After his recovery from illness, h

29、e is determined to（ ）hat he had been doing to attain the goal.问题1选项A.assumeB.consumeC.presumeD.resume【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项assume“承担”；B选项consume“消耗，挥霍”；C选项presume“假定，推测”；D选项resume“（中断后）重新开始，继续”。句意：他病好后，决心继续为实现目标而努力。选项D符合语境。8. 单选题As a lawyer（ ）for his good judgment and eloquence, he is often invited to

30、those grand banquets and meets those distinguished people from all circles.问题1选项A.notoriousB.notableC.nastyD.notified【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”；B选项notable“显著的，著名的”；C选项nasty“极差的，恶意的”；D选项notified“通知”。句意：作为一个以良好的判断力和口才著称的律师，他经常被邀请参加那些盛大的宴会，会见来自各界的杰出人士。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题The school has been （

31、）as the meeting place for the evening art club.问题1选项A.designedB.designatedC.divertedD.diagnosed【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项design“设计，构思”；B选项designate“指定，指派”；C选项 divert“转移”；D选项diagnose“诊断”。句意：这所学校被指定为晚间艺术俱乐部的会址。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题In general , the（ ）amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fif

32、th of the total for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项advisable“明智的”；C选项available“可获得的”；D选项applicable“可应用的”。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的花费应控制在可支配的生活费的五分之一以内。available其后常接介词for或to构成形容词短语，作后置定语。所以选项C正确。11. 单选题She didnt openly attack the plan,

33、but her opposition was （ ）in her failure to say anything in support of it.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immoral【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项explicit“明确的，清楚的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；C选项internal“内部的”；D选项immoral“不道德的”。句意：她没有公开抨击这个计划，但她没有说任何支持这个计划的话，这就暗示了她的反对。选项B符合句意。12. 单选题The doctor told the students that

34、a(n) （ ） disease was one that could be passed from one person to another.问题1选项A.effectiveB.infectiousC.coherentD.inherent【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项effective“有效的，起作用的”；B选项infectious“传染的”；C选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；D选项inherent“固有的，内在的”。句意：医生告诉学生传染病是一种可以从一个人传染给另一个人的疾病。infectious disease意为“传染病”，所以选项B正确。13. 单选题Most o

35、f the rubbish that we usually（ ）of can be recycled.问题1选项A.disposedB.dischargeC.dispatchD.dissolve【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项dispose“处理，安排”；B选项discharge“释放”；C选项dispatch“派遣”；D选项dissolve“溶解”。句意：我们通常处理的大部分垃圾都可以回收利用。选项A更符合语境。14. 单选题Wealthy nations have fallen far behind on their aid（ ）to the worlds poor.问题1选项A.co

36、mmitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项commitment“承诺，保证”；B选项engagement“约会，诺言”；C选项responsibility“责任，职责”；D选项application“应用，申请”。句意：富裕国家在对援助世界穷国的责任方面远远落后。选项C符合句意。15. 单选题A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of Preside

37、nt Trumps use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, not a presidents social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting

38、to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content started by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFee

39、d News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use

40、 “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectivesespecially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibilities for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing view-points,” the

41、survey concluded.Such activity research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the university of Wisconsin-Madison found that young peoples reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience n

42、ews events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fa

43、ke news phenomenon is “reader error,”, more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of t

44、he issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief as Barna Group.So, when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skillsand in their choices on when to sha

45、re on social media.1.According to the Paragraph 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on（ ）.2.According to the Knight Foundation survey, young people（ ）.3.The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is （ ）.4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?问题1选项

46、A.the justification of the new-filtering practiceB.peoples preference for social media platformsC.the administrations ability to handle informationD.social media as a reliable source of news问题2选项A.tend to voice their opinions in cyberspaceB.verify news by referring to diverse resourcesC.have a stron

47、g sense of responsibilityD.like to exchange views on “distributed trust”问题3选项A.readers outdated valuesB.journalists biased reportingC.readers misinterpretationD.journalist made-up stories问题4选项A.A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online.B.A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend.C.The

48、Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.D.The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据首段最后一句可知，千禧一代更希望白宫的新闻通过其他来源而不是总统的社交媒体平台透漏出来。紧接着在第二段给出了原因，人们逐渐对所有的媒体丧失了信任。根据牛津大学的统计，在2016年美国总统竞选期间，推特用户分享的近四分之一的网络内容是虚假新闻。由此可知，社交媒体不是可靠的新闻来源。选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Kn

49、ight Foundation”定位到第三段二、三句“A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectivesespecially those that are open about any bias. 奈特基金会针对14岁至24岁的年轻人进行的一项焦点小

50、组调查发现，他们使用“分布式信任”来验证新闻。他们反复核对消息来源，喜欢从不同的角度看新闻尤其是那些对偏见持开放态度的新闻。”由此可知，选项B“通过参考不同的来源去核实消息”符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Barna survey”定位到第五段第三句“A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,”, more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes

51、in reporting. 巴纳研究集团的一项调查发现，美国人认为假新闻现象的主要原因是“读者错误”，而不是编造的故事或报道中的事实错误。”由此可知，选项C正确。4.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，原文首先提出年轻人对社交平台的不信任，是因为虚假新闻的泛滥，因此人们开始加强他们的媒体素养技能。下文则主要是围绕这一中心思想展开的讨论，所以选项A最能概括全文。16. 单选题Everyone has a legal （ ）to provide the tax office with details of their earnings.问题1选项A.refinementB.constrictionC.o

52、bligationD.impulsion【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项refinement“改进，改善”；B选项constriction“收缩，压缩”；C选项obligation“义务，职责”；D选项impulsion“冲动”。句意：每个人都有法律义务向税务局提供他们收入的详细情况。选项C符合句意。17. 单选题When Steven finally emerged from the cave after thirty days, everyone present was（ ）.问题1选项A.smuggledB.startledC.appealedD.stabilized【答案】B【解

53、析】动词辨析题。A选项smuggle“走私，偷运”；B选项startle“使惊奇，使吓一跳”；C选项appeal“呼吁”；D选项stabilize“使稳固，使安定”。句意：当史蒂文30天后终于从山洞里出来时，在场的人都吓了一跳。选项B符合句意。18. 单选题There are several possible explanation for the greater job（ ）in Japan in contrast to the great job mobility in the United State.问题1选项A.sensitivityB.creativityC.stabilityD.

54、security【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项sensitivity“敏感性”；B选项creativity“创造性”；C选项stability“稳定性”；D选项security“安全性”。句意：日本工作的稳定性和美国工作的流动性形成对比，对此有几种可能的解释。根据下文的关键词“mobility”可知，选项C正确。19. 单选题Various innovations have been introduced as ways to break off our system which forces students through a serious of identical classr

55、ooms in which teachers do most of the talking and students have little opportunity to respond. Among these innovations are team teaching and teaching aides, non-graded elementary and secondary schools, independent study, curricula focused on helping students discover things for themselves rather tha

56、n on trying to tell them everything, and schools designed for maximum flexibility so that students can work alone, or in small groups, or take part in large-group instruction via diverse media. The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual st

57、udent. Many people who have a strong dislike to organizing instruction scientifically and to bringing new technology into the schools and colleges fail to realize that the present system is in many respects mechanical and rigid. The vast differences in the ways students learn are disregarded when th

58、ey are taught the same thing, in the same way, at the same time. There is no escaping the evidence that many students themselves feel little enthusiasm and even outright hostility for the present way schools and colleges are organized and instruction is handled. Many of them resent technology, but w

59、hat they object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students. Or it is programming which merely reproduces conventional classroom responds and learns, reaching new plateaus from which to climb to higher levels of understanding. Technological media can store inform

60、ation until it is needed or wanted. They can distribute it over distances to reach the students where he happens to be. They can present the information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the students oppo

61、rtunities for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional technology. All the available resources for instruction, including the teachers, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning.1.The author is mainly concerned with （ ）.2.It can be inf

62、erred from the article that a good educational system must （ ）.3.The negative reactions of students to technology are the result of（ ）.4.All of the following are mentioned as a capability are the result of（ ）.问题1选项A.providing the possibility for students to take the courses they wantB.making technology an active tool in the schoolC.relieving the teacher from routine dutiesD.meeting the needs of each student问题2选项A.not depend on teachersB.make use of varying methods of teachingC.place a renewed emphasis on scienceD.not organize their in