2022年考博英语-北京大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第56期

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1、2022年考博英语-北京大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained ( ).问题1选项A.to be shownB.to have been shownC.to have shownD.being shown【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。remain to be done“待完成；待处理”为固定用法。句意：一些人对研究结果

2、持谨慎态度，指出吸二手烟和癌症之间的因果关系有待揭示。因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题There is a conspicuous lack of public debate about how this insular country should _ the reality that more immigrants are coming and that those already here are changing Japan.问题1选项A.abide byB.account forC.act onD.adjust to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项abide by“遵守”；B选

3、项account for“解释；对负责”；C选项act on“对起作用；按照行事”；D选项adjust to“调整以适应”。句意：对于这个与世隔绝的国家来说，应该如何_移民越来越多涌入并且正在改变日本这一现实，明显缺乏公开讨论。根据语境，account for“解释；对负责”搭配reality“现实”比较合理，意思是解释为什么越来越多移民进入日本并且改变日本的现实。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题I was supposed to go to a concert with your sister the other night, but your sister didnt turn up. I c

4、ant believe I have been（ ）.问题1选项A.given upB.stood upC.left upD.taken up【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。give up“放弃”；stand up“坚持；站起来”；leave up“放某人鸽子”；take up“占据”。句意：那天晚上我本来要和你妹妹去听音乐会的，但是你妹妹没有来。不敢相信我居然被。因此C选项符合句意。4. 单选题We（ ）admire his courage and self-confidence.问题1选项A.can butB.cannot onlyC.cannot butD.can only but【

5、答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。can but“只能”；cannot only“不能只”；cannot but“不得不，禁不住”；can only but 无此用法。句意：我们佩服他的勇气和自信。因此C选项符合题意。5. 单选题A considerable part of Facebooks appeal stems from its miraculous fusion of distance with intimacy, or the illusion of distance with the illusion of intimacy. Our online communities becom

6、e engines of self-image, and self-image becomes the engine of community. The real danger with Facebook is not that it allows us to isolate ourselves, but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity, it threatens to alter the very nature of solitude. The new isolation is not of the kind

7、 that Americans once idealized, the lonesomeness of the proudly nonconformist, independent-minded, solitary stoic, or that of the astronaut who blasts into new worlds. Facebooks isolation is a grind. Whats truly staggering about Facebook usage is not its volume 750 million photographs uploaded over

8、a single weekend but the constancy of the performance it demands. More than half its users and one of every 13 people on Earth is a Facebook user log on every day. Among 18-to-34-year- olds, nearly half check Facebook minutes after waking up, and 28 percent do so before getting out of bed. The relen

9、tlessness is what is so new, so potentially transformative. Facebook never takes a break. We never take a break. Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation. But not all the time, not every morning, before we even pour a cup of coffee.Nostalgia for the good old days of disco

10、nnection would not just be pointless, it would be hypocritical and ungrateful. But the very magic of the new machines, the efficiency and elegance with which they serve us, obscures what isnt being served: everything that matters. What Facebook has revealed about human nature and this is not a minor

11、 revelation is that a connection is not the same thing as a bond, and that instant and total connection is no salvation, no ticket to a happier, better world or a more liberated version of humanity. Solitude used to be good for self-reflection and self- reinvention. But now we are left talking about

12、 who we are all the time, without ever really thinking about who we are. Facebook denies us a pleasure whose profundity we had underestimated: the chance to forget about ourselves for a while, the chance to disconnect.1.Which of the following statements regarding the power of Facebook can be inferre

13、d from the passage?2.hich of the following statements about the underside of Facebook is supported by theinformation contained in this passage?3.Which of the following best states “the new isolation” mentioned by the author?4.Which of the following belongs to the category of “everything that matters

14、” according to the passage?5.Which of the following conclusions about Facebook does the author want us to draw?问题1选项A.It creates the isolation people want.B.It delivers a more friendly world.C.It produces intimacy people lack in the real world.D.It enables us to be social while avoiding the mess of

15、human interaction.问题2选项A.It imprisons people in the business of self-presentation.B.It causes social disintegration.C.It makes people vainer.D.It makes people lonelier.问题3选项A.It is full of the spirit of adventure.B.It is the extension of individualism.C.It has a touch of narcissism.D.It evolves from

16、 the appetite for independence.问题4选项A.Constant connection.B.Instant communication.C.Smooth sociability.D.A human bond.问题5选项A.It creates friendship.B.It denies us the pleasure of socializing.C.It opens a new world for us.D.It draws us into a paradox.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：从这篇文章中，

17、我们可以推断出以下哪个关于Facebook力量的陈述？根据第一段第三句“but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity”可知Facebook给予了人们想要的孤独，同时又满足了人们自恋的心理。选项A符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：以下哪一项关于Facebook的负面陈述得到了这篇文章所包含信息的支持？根据第一段第三句“but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity”以及最后两句“Human beings have always created e

18、laborate acts of self-presentation. But not all the time, not every morning”可知Facebook让人们变得越来越虚荣，时刻想着去展示自己。原文中的vanity与选项C中的vanier是同根词。因此选型C符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：作者提到的“新孤立”，以下哪一种表述最好？由题干中关键词“the new isolation”定位到第一段第四句。前文中提到“it threatens to alter the very nature of solitude ”，加上第一段最后两句“Human beings have al

19、ways created elaborate acts of self-presentation. But not all the time, not every morning”，可知Facebook改变了孤独的本质，人们时时刻刻想着在Facebook上展现自我（自恋）。因此选项C符合题意。4.细节推理题。题干：根据短文，下列哪一项属于“每一样重要的东西”范畴？由题干中关键词“eveverything that matters”定位到第二段第二句。由第二段第三句中“ is that connetion is not thte same thing as a bond,and that ins

20、tant and total connection is no salvation, no ticket to a happier, better world pr more liberated version of humanity”可知instant andtotalconnections与a bond 不同，是不太重要的东西。由此可推出a human bond是重要的东西。因此选项D符合题意。5.细节推理题。题干：关于Facebook，作者希望我们得出以下哪一结论？根据第二段最后一句“Facebook denies us a pleasure whose profundity we ha

21、d underestimated: the chance to forget about ourselves for a while, the chance to disconnect”，作者认为Facebook夺走了我们的快乐，而我们低估了这种快乐的深奥之处。因此选项B符合题意。6. 单选题He is not under arrest, _ any restriction on him.问题1选项A.or the police have placedB.or have the police placedC.nor the police have placedD.nor have the po

22、lice placed【答案】D【解析】考查倒装句用法。根据句意，前半句与后半句均表示否定含义，因此后半句用nor引导。nor后应接倒装结构。因此D选项符合题意。7. 单选题She wore long, heavy dresses, clothes that allowed（ ）movement.问题1选项A.minimum ofB.the minimumC.her minimum ofD.a minimum of【答案】D【解析】考查固定用法。四个选项中只有a minimum of“至少，最少的”为固定用法。因此选项D符合题意，表示“裙子又长又重，走起路来只能慢慢挪动”。8. 单选题Many

23、 Fine Art graduates take ( ) professional practice as artists, and this course encourages them to consider their role as artists in the community by providing opportunities for short-term placements outside the Faculty.问题1选项A.downB.upC.outD.in【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。take down “记下”；take up“开始从事”；take out“取出”

24、；take in“欺骗；吸收”。句意：许多美术专业毕业生把自己看作艺术家来进行职业训练，本课程鼓励他们考把自己当做社会艺术工作者，为他们提供在学院之外的短期实习机会。因此B选项符合题意。9. 单选题In time，the woman was persuaded to try this new form of discipline and to（ ）a failure to go to time out by the withdrawal of some privilege.问题1选项A.back offB.back upC.back downD.back with【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语

25、辨析。back off“后腿；卸下”；back up“支持；承认；证实”；back down“放弃，让步”；back with，无此短语用法。句意：后来,这个女的被说服去试着接受这项新处罚，自己的过错,并被撤销了一些特权暂停了工作。因此B选项符合题意。10. 单选题Weve seen a(n) ( ) trend of consumers saying they will spend more, from holiday shopping to 2012 travel plans, and spending plans for Feb. 14 are no exception.问题1选项A.c

26、onsistentB.persistentC.insistentD.resistant【答案】A【解析】考查形近形容词辨析。consistent“前后一致的；坚持的“；persistent ”固执的；坚持的“；insistent ”坚持的；迫切的；显著的“；resistant ”反抗的；顽固的“。句意：从假日购物到2012年的旅游计划，我们已经看到消费者将增加消费的倾向，2月14日的消费计划也不例外。 按照句意，A选项符合，指这种消费倾向保持一致。11. 单选题Many adults may think they are getting enough shut-eye, but in a ma

27、jor sleep study almost 80 percent of respondents admitted to not getting their prescribed amount of nightly rest. So, what exactly is the right amount of sleep? Research shows that adults need an average of seven to nine hours of sleep a night for optimal functionality. Read on to see just how much

28、of an impact moderate sleep deprivation can have on your mind and body.By getting less than six hours of sleep a night, you could be putting yourself at risk of high blood pressure. When you sleep, your heart gets a break and is able to slow down for a significant period of time. But cutting back on

29、 sleep means your heart has to work overtime without its allotted break. In constantly doing so, your body must accommodate to its new conditions and elevate your overall daily blood pressure. And the heart isnt the only organ that is overtaxed by a lack of sleeps. The less sleep you get, the less t

30、ime the brain has to regulate stress hormones, and over time, sleep deprivation could permanently hinder the brains ability to regulate these hormones, leading to elevated blood pressure.We all hang around in bed during our bouts of illness. But did you know that skipping out on the bed rest can inc

31、rease your risk of getting sick? Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but researchers have also found a direct correlation between “modest” sleep deprivation less than six hours and reduced immune response. So try to toughen up your immune system by

32、getting at least seven hours of sleep a night, and maintaining a healthy diet. Youll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug comes around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days.During deep REM sleep, your muscles (except those in the eyes) are essentia

33、lly immobilized in order to keep you from acting out on your dreams. Unfortunately, this effort your body makes to keep you safe while dreaming can sometimes backfire, resulting in sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immob

34、ilizing state. This can be quite a frightening sensation because, while your mind is slowly regaining consciousness, it has no control over your body, leaving some with a feeling of powerlessness, fear and panic. Most people experience this eerie phenomena at least once in their lives, but those who

35、 are sleep deprived are more likely to have panicked episodes of sleep paralysis that are usually accompanied by hallucinations, as well. For a second, imagine all of your memories are erased; every birthday, summer vacation, even what you did yesterday afternoon is completely lost, because you have

36、 no recollection of them. Its a chilling thought, but that is what a life without sleep would be like. Sleep is essential to the cognitive functions of the brain, and without it, our ability to consolidate memories, learn daily tasks, and make decisions is impaired by a large degree. Research has re

37、vealed that REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile” memories the brain creates throughout the day to that they can be easily organized and stored in the minds long-term cache.1.According to the passage, what is the meaning of “sleep deprivation”？2.Which of the following statements is

38、 TRUE according to Paragraph 3?3.Why is there the so-called “sleep paralysis”？4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?5.What effects of sleep deprivation on human mind and body are discussed in this passage?问题1选项A.To sleep for an average period of time.B.To sleep

39、deeply without dreaming.C.To sleep less than needed.D.To sleep modestly.问题2选项A.When everyone else gets a fever, those with sleep deprivation will be abele to sleep longer.B.When everyone else gets a fever, those who usually have adequate sleep will be alright.C.Only modest sleep deprivation could we

40、aken the immune system,D.Prolonged sleep deprivation will not have impact on the immune system.问题3选项A.It occurs when you are unable to wake up from dreams while you are sleeping.B.It occurs when you brain immobilizes your body in order to keep you from dreaming.C.Because you are usually too frighten

41、ed to move your body when waking up from deep REMsleep.D.Because your body, immobilized when dreaming, may still be unable to move even when yourbrain is waking up.问题4选项A.Memories are part of the cognitive function of the brain.B.Memories created during the daytime are usually fragile and impaired.C

42、.You are likely to lose your memories of yesterday after a nights sleep.D.Long-term memory cannot be formed without dream-sleep.问题5选项A.High blood pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.B.Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long-term memory.C.Blood press

43、ure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory.D.High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.语义题。题干：根据本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but resear

44、chers have also found a direct correlation between “modest” sleep deprivation less than six hours and reduced immune response”说明“modest”sleep deprivation指的是少于6小时的睡眠，而成人需要7-9小时的睡眠。因此C 选项符合题意。2.判断推理题。题干：根据第3段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？第三段最后一句“Youll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug come

45、s around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days”，别人生病后就会意识到多睡一小时的好处，对应B选项的内容。3.细节题。题干：为什么会有所谓的“睡眠瘫痪症”?第四段第三句中提到了“Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immobilizing state”，可知“睡眠瘫痪症”发生在大脑从快速眼动周期唤醒时，身体仍保持不动状态，因此D选项符合题意。4

46、.细节题。题干：根据最后一段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？最后一段最后一句提到“REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile” memories the brain creates throughout the day”表明大脑一天产生的记忆是脆弱的，需要睡眠帮忙巩固记忆。因此B选项符合题意。5.细节题。题干：睡眠不足对人的身心有什么影响？第二段提到“elevated blood pressure”；第三段提到“reduced immune system”;第四段提到“sleep paralysis”；最后一段提到“memory los

47、s”，因此D选项符合题意。12. 单选题Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are ( ) he time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports.问题1选项A.as hardly culturally enriching asB.as hardly enriching culture asC.hardly as culturally enriching asD.hardly as cultural enri

48、ching as【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。当否定词hardly修饰asas时要放在前面，修饰形容词性的enriching要使用副词，因此C选项符合题意。13. 单选题Helicobacter pylori is one of humanitys oldest and closest companions, and yet it took scientists more than a century to recognize it. As early as 1875, German anatomists found spiral bacteria colonizing the mucus

49、layer of the human stomach, but because the organisms could not be grown in a pure culture, the results were ignored and then forgotten. It was not until 1982 that Australian doctors Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren isolated the bacteria, allowing investigations of H pyloris role in the stomach

50、 to begin in earnest. Over the next decade researchers discovered that people carrying the organisms had an increased risk of developing peptic ulcersbreaks in the lining of the stomach or duodenumand that H pylori could also trigger the onset of the most common form of stomach cancer.Just as scient

51、ists were learning the importance of H pylori, however, they discovered that the bacteria are losing their foothold in the human digestive tract. Whereas nearly all adults in the developing would still carry the organism, its prevalence is much lower in developed countries such as the U.S. Epidemiol

52、ogists believe that H pylori has been disappearing from developed nations for the past 100 years thanks to improved hygiene, which blocks the transmission of the bacteria, and to the widespread use of antibiotics. As H pylori has retreated, the rates of peptic ulcers and stomach cancer have dropped.

53、 But at the same time, diseases of the esophagus including acid reflux disease and a particularly deadly type of esophageal cancerhave increased dramatically, and a wide body of evidence indicates that the rise of these illnesses is also related to the disappearance of H pylori.1. The authors primar

54、y purpose in writing this passage is to( ).2.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?3.Which of the following would most probably follow the last sentence of this passage?问题1选项A.alter people to the harm of H pylori colonization of the stomachB.make people aware of the harm

55、 of eradicating H pylori from the stomachC.suggest that the benefits of eradicating H pylori from the stomach are not outweighed by the potential harm.D.call attention to the consequences of eradicating H pylori from the stomach.问题2选项A.Improvements in sanitation are a vital element in helping ward o

56、ff peptic ulcers.B.People in the developing countries are not likely to contract esophageal diseases.C.Nowadays few people in the developed countries suffer from stomach cancer.D.Scientists have long recognized H pyloris important role in the stomach, but could do nothing about.问题3选项A.Furthermore, t

57、he disappearance of H pylori may be a sentinel indicating the possibility of other microbial extinctions as well.B.The possibility that this bacterium may actually protect people against disease of the esophagus has significant implications.C.However, there has been an unexpected rise in the inciden

58、ce of a new class of diseases involving the esophagus.D.The rise of these diseases has occurred just as H pylori has been disappearing, and it is tempting to associate the two phenomena.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B【解析】1.主旨题。题干：作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了_。文章第一段主要介绍了幽门螺旋杆菌的发现以及幽门螺旋杆菌与消化性溃疡的关系。第二段介绍研究发现食道疾病的增加与幽门螺旋杆菌的小时有关

59、。作者旨在唤起人们对这种细菌的认识，因此D选项符合题意。2.判断推理题。题干：从文章中可以推断出下列哪个陈述？第二段第二句中提到“H pylori has been disappearing from developed nations for the past 100 years thanks to improved hygiene, which blocks the transmission of the bacteria”，说明由于卫生条件改善，幽门螺旋杆菌已从发达国家消失，因此A选项符合题意；在发达国家，幽门螺旋杆菌的携带率低，导致发达国家的食道癌患病率增加，但并没有提到发展中国家的人

60、是否会患食道癌，因此排除B选项；第二段中说到“the rates of peptic ulcers and stomach cancer dropped”，下降不等于消失，因此排除C选项；科学家在研究幽门螺旋杆菌的重要性的同时，发现这种细菌逐渐丧失其在消化道中的位置，因此排除D选项。3.推理题。题干：下面哪个选项最有可能跟在这篇文章的最后一句话后面？本文的主旨是唤起人们对幽门螺旋杆菌的关注。因此接下来作者可能会想要着重说明这种细菌的作用，它可能致病，也可能有抵御疾病作用。因此B选项符合题意。14. 单选题Boris Yeltsin, Russias president, died. His f

61、uneral in Moscow was attended by a bevy of world leaders past and present.问题1选项A.priorB.pastC.formerD.late【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。prior“优先的”；past“过去的”；former“从前的”；late“迟的；已故的”。本句说的是俄罗斯前总统去世，表示“前任”一般用former，因此C现象符合题意。15. 单选题The Collectors Edition coin is_, and represents a true collectors treasure to be app

62、reciated for generations to come.问题1选项A.unlikely any Elvis Presley collectible ever releasedB.unlikely, and Elvis Presley collectible never releasedC.unlike any Elvis Presley collectible never releasedD.unlike any Elvis Presley collectible ever released【答案】D【解析】考查词义。句意：此款收藏版硬币，代表着一个真正的收藏家的珍品，其在未来将会升值。unlike“不同的；不相似的”；unlikely“不太可能的”，常出现于“it is unlikely that”。由句意判断，此枚硬币价值极高，不同于猫王发行的其他收藏品。因此D选项符合题意。16. 单选题The local authorities realized the need to make _ for elderly people i