2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第90期

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1、2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题She sewed a （ ）on the knee of her trousers.问题1选项A.pinchB.plasterC.punchD.patch【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。pinch意为“捏，掐”；plaster意为“灰泥，膏药，创可贴”；punch意为“拳击打，用力的捶打”；patch意为“补丁，补片”。句意：她在她的裤子膝盖上缝了个补丁。2. 单选题People cannot but （ ）puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he

2、could have made such a stupid mistake.问题1选项A.feelB.feelingC.to feelD.having felt【答案】A【解析】考查固定句型。cannot but do sth. 意为“不得不做某事，禁不住做某事”，but后面接动词原形，因此选A。句意：人们情不自禁地感到困惑，因为他们根本无法理解他怎么会犯这样一个愚蠢的错误。3. 问答题We are willing to (A) share whatever (B) we know, no matter how it might be little (C), with anyone who i

3、s in need of that (D) knowledge or skill.【答案】试题答案：C; how little it might be【解析】考查词序。no matter how表示“无论如何”，引导让步状语从句，no matter how后面接形容词或副词+句子。4. 单选题You cannot expect people to work hard unless you give them some kind of （ ）.问题1选项A.fascinationB.incentiveC.provocationD.temptation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。fascina

4、tion意为“魅力，着迷”；incentive意为“激励，刺激，鼓励”；provocation意为“挑衅，挑拨”；temptation意为“诱惑，引诱”。句意：你不能指望人们努力工作，除非你给他们一些激励。5. 单选题When Dick began to tell about his summer vacation, the teacher（ ）him（ ）, saying Tell us that another time.问题1选项A.cut.downB.shut.outC.cut.shortD.shut.off【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。cut down意为“减少，砍倒”；shut

5、out意为“把关在门外，阻断（念头、情感等）”；cut short意为“缩短，打断”；shut off意为“关闭，停止”。句意：当Dick开始讲述他的暑假时，教师打断了他，说“下次告诉我们”。6. 单选题Nearly everybody cheats, but usually only a little. That is one of the themes in Dnanel Arielys new book “the (Honest) Truth About Dishonesty”. Most of us think we are very wonderful. We can cheat a

6、t a little and still keep that “good parson” identity.Ariely, who is one of the most creative social scientists on the planet, had one blind colleague and one sighted colleague take rides. The drivers cheated the sighted colleague by taking long routes much more often than they cheated the blind one

7、, even though she would have been easier to mislead. They would have felt guilty cheating a blind woman. Ariely points out that we are driven by morality much more than standard economic models allow. But I was struck by what you might call the good person construct and the moral calculus it implies

8、. For the past several centuries, most westerners would have identified themselves fundamentally as depraved sinners. In this construct, sin is something you fight like a recurring cancer part of a daily battle against evil.But these days, people are more likely to believe in their essential goodnes

9、s. People who live by the good person construct try to balance their virtuous self-image with their selfish desires. They try to manage the moral pluses and minuses and keep their overall record in positive territory. In this construct, moral life is more like dieting: the good person isnt shooting

10、for perfection and more than most dieters are following their diet 100 percent. Its enough to be workably suboptimal and a generally good guy.Obviously, though, theres a measurement problem. You can buy a weight scale to get an objective measure of your diet. But you cant buy a scale of virus to put

11、 on the bathroom floor. And given our awesome capacities for rationalization and self-deception, most of us are going to measure ourselves leniently. I was honest with that blind passenger because I am a wonderful person. I cheated the sighted one because she probably has too much money anyway.The k

12、ey job in the good person construct is to manage your rationalizations and self-deceptions to keep them from getting conspicuous. Ariely suggests you reset your moral gauge from time to time. Your moral standards will gradually slip as you become more and more comfortable youre your own rationalizat

13、ions.Id add that you really shouldnt shoot for goodness, which is so vague. Were mostly unqualified to judge our own moral performance, so attach yourself to some exterior or social standards. And as we go about doing our good person moral educations, it might be worth asking: Is this good enough?1.

14、To which of the following statement would Ariely agree?2.Western traditional culture maintained that human nature is （ ）.3.According to the author, good person construct（ ）.4.The word “leniently” in paragraph 4 most probably means（ ）.问题1选项A.A bit of deception invites no Harm.B.We are unlikely to be

15、truly honest.C.We are driven by economic models.D.People tend to cling to moral codes.问题2选项A.inherently goodB.subject to exterior influenceC.genetically determinedD.originally evil问题3选项A.is desirable for its moral implicationsB.contribute to the resistance to inner sinC.is more likely to encourage d

16、ishonestyD.can ease conflicts between virtues and selfishness问题4选项A.honestlyB.falselyC.tolerantlyD.subjectively【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Nearly everybody cheats, but usually only a little. That is one of the themes in Dnanel Arielys new book “the (Honest) Truth About Dishonesty”.（几

17、乎人人都会欺骗他人，虽然通常只是一点点。这也是Dnanel Ariely的新书不诚实的事实中的主题之一）可知B选项“我们不太可能真正诚实”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的For the past several centuries, most westerners would have identified themselves fundamentally as depraved sinners.（在过去的几个世纪里，大多数西方人都会认定自己从根本上是堕落的罪人）可知选D，西方传统文化认为人性本恶。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Its enough to be workably s

18、uboptimal and a generally good guy.（成为一个欠佳的人，但总体上是一个好人就足够了）可推测在good person construct结构下人们对自己的要求降低了，以及本文主要讲的是关于诚实的话题，那么人们也就不那么诚实了，因此选C。4.词义题。honestly意为“诚实地”；falsely意为“虚伪地，不实地”；tolerantly意为“宽容地，包容地”；subjectively意为“主观地”。由And given our awesome capacities for rationalization and self-deception, most of u

19、s are going to measure ourselves leniently.（鉴于我们在合理化和自欺欺人方面令人敬畏的能力，我们大多数人都会衡量自己）可知我们会用欺骗的手段合理化自己行为，因此排除A、D选项；由leniently后面句中的I am a wonderful person可知我们给自己的定位是好人，可排除B选项，因此选C。7. 单选题How much a person can earn is not always a good（ ）of real success in life.问题1选项A.essenceB.decreeC.qualificationD.criterio

20、n【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。essence意为“本质，实质”；decree意为“法令，命令”；qualification意为“资格，授权”；criterion意为“（批评、判断等的）标准，准则”。句意：一个人能挣多少钱并不总是判断生活中真正成功的好标准。8. 单选题It is true that （ ）a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much research time.问题1选项A.multiplyingB.breedingC.magnifyingD.generation【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析

21、。multiply意为“乘”； breed意为“饲养，培育(动植物)”；magnify意为“放大”；generation作名词时，意为“产生，繁殖”。句意：将野生植物培育成小麦等主要粮食作物需要进行大量的研究，这一点是千真万确的。9. 单选题I can appreciate the （ ）that prompts you to make this offer.问题1选项A.magnetB.intellectC.motionD.motive【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。magnet意为“磁铁，磁石”；intellect意为“智力，理解力”；motion意为“运动”；motive意为“动机，原因

22、”。句意：我能理解促使你做出这个提议的动机。10. 单选题If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or（1） in your work would depend, to（2） great extent,（3） your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage.（4）the utmost importance is your

23、 attitude. A person who begins a job（5） that he isnt going to like it or is（6） that he is going to all is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure in his（7） that he is probably as capable（8）doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to

24、make a cheerful attempt as it（9） a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. Having the（10） skills for a particular job is strength.（11） those skills is obviously a weakness. A bookkeeper who cant（12） r a carpenter who cant cut a straight line with a saw is hopeless cases. T

25、his book has been designed to help you capitalize（13） the strength and overcome the（14） that you bring to the job of learning. But for your（15） , you must first take stock of where you stand now.（16） we get further along in the book, well be（17） in some detail with specific processes for developing

26、and strengthening（18） kills. However, to begin with, you should pause to（19） your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your（20）, your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.问题1选项A.improvementB.victoryC.failureD.achie

27、vement问题2选项A.aB.theC.somD.certain问题3选项A.inB.onC.ofD.to问题4选项A.InB.OfC.FromD.Out问题5选项A.convincedB.imaginedC.understoodD.dreamed问题6选项A.ensureB.sureC.uncertainD.surely问题7选项A.understandingB.subjectC.ideaD.belief问题8选项A.toB.atC.ofD.for问题9选项A.risksB.makesC.reducesD.possesses问题10选项A.prerequisiteB.educational

28、C.manualD.basic问题11选项A.HavingB.HoldingC.LackingD.Loosing问题12选项A.readB.thinkC.writeD.add问题13选项A.exceptB.butC.forD.on问题14选项A.difficultyB.weaknessC.strengthD.advantage问题15选项A.fortuneB.developmentC.luckD.loan问题16选项A.AsB.SinceC.OverD.Out问题17选项A.calculatingB.movingC.drillingD.dealing问题18选项A.typingB.workin

29、gC.learningD.emailing问题19选项A.examineB.throwC.calculateD.value问题20选项A.intelligenceB.workC.attitudeD.weakness【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:C第12题:D第13题:D第14题:B第15题:B第16题:A第17题:D第18题:C第19题:A第20题:C【解析】（1）考查逻辑关系。此处的Success or 46 与后面的your strengths and weaknesses（优势和劣势）相对应，suc

30、cess（成功）对应的词是failure（失败），因此选C。（2）考查固定搭配。to a great extent为固定搭配，意为“很大程度上，非常”。（3）考查固定搭配。此处可将“to a great extent”看作一个插入语，depend on为固定搭配，意为“依赖，依靠”。（4）考查介词辨析。of与名词连用，表示具有某种性质，状态，位于句首，表示强调。正常语序为：Your attitude is of the utmost importance.（be of +名词）（5）考查动词辨析。convince意为“使确信，使相信”；imagine意为“想象，设想”；understand意为

31、“理解”；dream意为“梦想”。此处表示“如果一个人刚开始工作的人就确信自己不会喜欢”。（6）考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主语he，be sure that后面加从句，此处表示“或肯定不适应这项工作”。（7）考查固定搭配。in ones belief为固定搭配，意为“相信”。（8）考查固定搭配。capable of doing为固定搭配，意为“有能力做某事，能够做某事”。（9）考查动词辨析。risk意为“危险，冒险”；make意为“做”；reduce意为“减少”；possess意为“拥有，具有”。（10）考查形容词辨析。prerequisite意为“先决条件，前提”；educational意

32、为“教育的”；意为“手工的，体力的”；basic意为“基本的”。此处表示“拥有某项工作的必要技能是一个优势”。（11）考查逻辑关系。由前句的“拥有某项工作的必要技能是一个优势”可知此处表示“_这些技能显然是一个弱势”，having（拥有）与lacking（缺少）相对应，因此选C。（12）考查逻辑关系。此处列举一些职业需要相对应的技能，因此主语bookkeeper（记账人，簿记员）需要会运算相关方面的能力，因此选D，add意为“加法”。（13）考查固定搭配。capitalize on意为“充分利用某事物”。（14）考查逻辑关系。由前面的“利用优势”可知此处表示“克服缺点”，因此选B。（15）考查

33、逻辑关系。根据后面的“你必须首先评估一下你现在的处境”可知此处表示“但为了你的发展”更符合语意，因此选B，development意为“发展，进步”。（16）考查连词。分析句子结构，可知“ 61 we get further along in the book, well be .”为两个简单句，需要有连词连接，over与out不是连词，since作连词，意为“从以后，由于，既然”，as作连词，意为“随着，由于”，此处表示“随着更深入的阅读”，因此选A。（17）考查动词辨析。calculate意为“计算”；move意为“移动，搬动”；drill意为“训练，演习”；deal意为“处理，涉及，论述”

34、。此处表示“我们将更详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程”，因此选D。（18）考查动词关系。此处表示“学习技能”，因此选C。（19）考查逻辑关系。根据前面的you must first take stock of where you stand now（你必须首先评估一下你现在的处境）可知此处表示“检测你现在的优势和劣势”，因此选A，examine意为“检查，调查”。（20）考查逻辑关系。根据前面的“49 the utmost importance is your attitude”可知此处选C，与文章前面的内容相呼应。11. 单选题Your latest project has little

35、（ ）of success.问题1选项A.predictionB.prophecyC.prospectD.preview【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。prediction意为“预测，预报”；prophecy意为“语言”；prospect意为“可能性，希望，前景”；preview意为“试映，预演”。句意：你最近的项目几乎没有成功的希望。12. 单选题When he tried to make a （ ）, he found that the hotel was completely filled because of a convention.问题1选项A.claimB.bookingC.re

36、visionD.reservation【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。claim意为“声称”；booking意为“预约，预定”；revision意为“修订，修改”；reservation意为“预订，预约”。make a reservation比较正式、规范；make a booking更口语化。句意：当他想订房时，他发现想入住的酒店由于有一个会议而住满了。13. 单选题A lot of small children often （ ）why airplane can fly like birds while we humans cannot.问题1选项A.assureB.wonderC.ant

37、icipateD.assume【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。assure意为“向保证”；wonder意为“想知道，好奇”；anticipate意为“预料，预期”；assume意为“假定，认为”。句意：很多小孩经常好奇为什么飞机可以像鸟儿一样飞行，而我们人类不行。14. 单选题The country is now undergoing an economic （ ）in which business activity is greatly reduced and the unemployment rate is high.问题1选项A.flourishB.accessionC.sanction

38、D.recession【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。flourish意为“繁荣，昌盛”；accession意为“增加”；sanction意为“制裁，处罚”；recession意为“经济衰退，不景气”。句意：这个国家正遭受严重的经济衰退，商业活动大大减少，失业率很高。15. 单选题I have given you my advice. Whether you will act on it is（ ）you.问题1选项A.up toB.up forC.on toD.for to【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。be up to sb.意为“取决于某人”。句意：我已经给了你我的建议。是否采纳就看你了

39、。16. 单选题There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in （ ）with its surroundings.问题1选项A.coincidenceB.harmonyC.uniformD.alliance【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。coincidence意为“巧合，一致”；harmony意为“和谐，协调”，in harmony with意为“与和谐相处”；uniform意为“制服”；alliance意为“结盟，同盟”。句意：这个国家曾经有一个小镇里的所有的生命似乎与周围环境和谐相处。17. 单选

40、题1. Love has toppled kings, inspired poets, sparked wars, soothed beasts, and changed the course of history. It is credited for lifes greatest joys, blamed for the most crushing sorrows. And of course, it makes the world go around.2. All of which is no surprise to biologists. They know that love is

41、central to human existence. We are not just programmed for reproduction. The capacity for loving emotions is also written into our biochemistry, essential if children are to grow and to thrive. And loves absence can be devastating. The loss of a spouse often hastens death in older people.3. Love beg

42、an with motherhood. For mammalian young to survive, mothers must invest considerable time and energy in them. Of course, the varying growth rates of mammalian species require some mothers to invest more time and energy than others. An elephant seal suckles her pup for only a few weeks before abandon

43、ing it; other species, including elephants, some primates, and especially people, lavish attention on their young for years.4. With the help of oxytocin (a chemical that fosters the bond between mothers and children), doting mothers are able to cater to their offsprings every whim and whimper. When

44、females of most mammalian species give birth, their bodies are flooded with oxytocin, known since 1906 as a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and allow the breasts to let down milk. But oxytocin also acts as a neurotransmitter, or chemical messenger, that can guide behavior. Without it, a

45、 ewe cannot recognize her own lamb. A virgin female rat given a shot of oxytocin will nuzzle another females pups, crouching over them protectively as if they were her own.5. Studies of a small rodent known as the prairie vole, a cuddly ball of fur, whose mating bond of lifelong monogamy would put m

46、ost human couples to shame, indicate oxytocin may also play a role in the heady feelings associated with romance. You just cant imagine how much time these animals spend together. Prairie voles always want to be with somebody, says Carter. The voles undying devotion is the work not only of oxytocin

47、but also of a related hormone, vasopressin. When single male and female prairie voles meet; they commence a two-day-long bout of sex that releases oxytocin in the females brain, bonding her to the male, who prefers his mates company above all others, guarding his family against intruders with a jeal

48、ous husbands zeal.6. Like some human playboys, male prairie voles seem to get a kick out of courtship mixed with danger. Carter and colleague Courtney De Vries made young, unmated voles swim for three minutes before allowing them to meet a prospective mate. The exercise elevated the animals stress h

49、ormones, which are also heightened by fear. But while females scurried off after the swim without bonding to the males as they normally would, male voles bonded faster than ever.7. Human beings unlike rodents are not entirely slaves to their hormones. But the behavior of voles may hold clues to why

50、men and women sometimes hold divergent views of sex and romance. While many women prefer candlelight and sweet talk, men are more apt to welcome a roll in the hay anytime, anywhere. For some men (and some women), sex is especially enticing when forbidden. Carter and De Vries suspect stress hormones

51、can interfere with oxytocins action in the brain, keeping a female vole from bonding, and perhaps preventing most women from finding danger sexually exciting. Vasopressin, in contrast, appears to work better in the presence of certain stress hormones, possibly making danger an aphrodisiac for many m

52、ales.8. Passionate or platonic, love affects the whole body, setting the heart pounding, making the stomach do flip-flops, and of course, lighting the lions on fire. These visceral sensations are the work of the vagus nerve, which traces a meandering path through the body, coordinating the activitie

53、s of internal organs, says the University of Marylands Stephen Porges. The vagus ferries signals between our innards and our brains, conveying information upward about our internal state and sending orders down from the brain to the heart, the stomach, the lungs, and the sex organs.9. Without the va

54、gus, says Porges, love would be impossible. One part of the nerve is evolutionarily ancient, controlling primitive functions such as sex, hunger, and fear. This old vagus responds to oxytocin and serves as the pathway between sexual organs and the brain for feelings of both arousal and satiation aft

55、er sex. But Porges argues that in mammals, newer branches of the vagus also connect emotional brain centers with the heart, the face, and the vocal equipment, helping to coordinate feelings with facial and verbal expression.10. In other words, the poets and bards were fight about one thing. The hear

56、t speaks the language of love. As English poet W. H. Auden wrote: Where love is strengthened, hope restored, in hearts by chemical accord. It may not literally skip a beat at the sight of ones desire or break with sorrow, but the hearts rhythms are exquisitely tuned to love.1.Which of the following

57、can be inferred from passage about elephant seals?2.The different love rituals employed by men and women could be attributed to the presence of which of the following?3.Which of the following could be the best analogy to the vagus nerve described in Paragraph 8?4.Animals equipped only with old vagus

58、 can NOT do which of the following?5.The purpose of the last paragraph is to （ ）.问题1选项A.The females are irresponsible mothers.B.Their young take less time to grow up than young elephants.C.They have a shorter life span than elephants.D.They reproduce more rapidly than elephant.问题2选项A.Oxytocin.B.Vaso

59、pressin.C.Interaction of oxytocin and vasepressin.D.Stress hormones.问题3选项A.A highway between two cites.B.Air routes linking major cities around the world.C.The World Wide Web.D.Circuits linking the CPU and the accessories in the computer.问题4选项A.Feel hungry.B.Experience fear.C.Feel sexual arousal.D.F

60、acially express emotions.问题5选项A.indicate that poets and bards are most capable of expressing loveB.imply that love is expressed through the heart rather through the face or the voiceC.give support to the statement that newer branches of vagus connect the emotional brain centers to the heart, the face and the vocal equipmentD.draw a conclusion based on the facts in the previous paragraph【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干中的elephant seals可定位到文章第三段中，由An elephant seal suckles her pup for only a few weeks before abandoning it; other species, including elephants, some primates, and e