2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第81期

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1、2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He or she asks the assembled crowd in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”，for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names

2、 the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods. For the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the

3、 English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called “sub basra,” meaning “under the spear”，a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

4、goods were often sold “by the candle”，a short candle was lit by the auctioneer; and bids could be made while it stayed alight.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by possible buyers. If the advertisement ca

5、nnot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot” is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order. He may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produ

6、ce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by

7、auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique, furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction rooms at Christies and Sothebys in London and N

8、ew York are world famous.1.Auctioned goods are sold （ ）.2.The end of the bidding is called “knocking down” because（ ）.3.The Romans used to sell（ ）by auction.4.A candle used to bum at auction sales（ ）.5.The auctioneer may decide to sell the out of order because（ ）.问题1选项A.for the highest price offered

9、B.only at fixed pricesC.at a price less than their true valueD.very cheaply问题2选项A.the auctioneer knocks the buyer dowB.the auctioneer knocks the rostrum downC.the goods are knocked down on to the tableD.the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer问题3选项A.spoil goodsB.property taken from the enemyC.ol

10、d worn-out weaponsD.spears问题4选项A.because they took place at nightB.as a signal for the crowd togetherC.to limit the time when offers could be madeD.to keep the auctioneer warm问题5选项A.he sometimes wants to confuse the buyers.B.he know from experience that certain people will want to buy certain items.

11、C.he wants to keep certain people waiting.D.he wants to reduce the number.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段: He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods (他鼓励买者给出更高的价钱， 最后选定出价最高的这位买。由此可知拍卖品以最高价卖出。故选A。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“knocking do

12、wn”定位至第一段: This is called “knocking down” the goods. “这就是成交 ”和第五句 For the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands (因为当拍卖师用一个锤子敲击他面前的小桌子时，拍卖结束)。因此D项 “因为拍卖师会用一个锤子敲击桌子”正确。3.细节事实题。第二段说明了古罗马人所拍卖物品: The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war (罗马

13、人通常用这种方法出售战利品)。故选A “缴获物品，奖品”。4.细节事实题。第二段指出:a short candle was lit by the auctioneer; and bids could be made while it stayed alight (拍卖师会点燃一根短蜡烛，在蜡烛燃烧的吋候进行拍卖活动)。因此选C “限制拍卖会竞价吋间”。5.判断推理题。根据题干关键词Lots定位至第三段: The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order, He may wait until he r

14、egisters the fact that certain dealers are in the room (拍卖师不需要从第一个序号开始然后按照顺序来, 在拍卖师会在确定对商品感兴趣的买家到来之后才开始拍卖)。故选B “拍卖师可以依据经验知道某些买家想购买哪些物品”。2. 单选题As the train will not leave until one hour later, we （ ）grab a bite at the snack bar.问题1选项A.may wellB.just as wellC.might as wellD.as well【答案】C【解析】句意: 既然火车一小时

15、后才开，我们不妨去快餐店吃点东西。固定搭配。might as well不妨，最好。3. 单选题To say that a soldier fought in battle like lion may be a descriptive（ ） , but it does not mean that he was on all fours roaring and wagging his tail.问题1选项A.analogueB.analogyC.analyticD.node【答案】B【解析】句意: 将一个在战争中的战士说成狮子一样可能是一个不错的比喻，但是这并不意味着他四肢着地摇着尾巴大声咆哮着。

16、形近词辨析。Analogue类似物，相似物; analogy比喻，相似; analytic分解的; anode 阳极。题目中的 To say that a soldier fought in battle like lion 这个部分是将战士比喻成狮子。故选B。4. 单选题Basic research provides the （ ）fund of scientific knowledge, on which the applied researchers draw to give society a rich rate of interest.问题1选项A.capitalB.endowedC

17、.enhancedD.initiative【答案】A【解析】句意: 基础研究为科学知识提供了资本基金，应用研究人员从中提取资本基金后以高利率回报社会。形容词辨析。Capital fund资本基金; endowed fund捐助基金; enhanced fund增强型基金; initiative fund项目基金。因此A符合句意。5. 单选题One of the favorite foods in the United States is the hamburger, a kind of flat round bread with fine-cut beef in between. The fa

18、vorite place to buy a hamburger is a fast food restaurant. At fast food restaurants, people order their food, wait a few minutes to get it over the counter, and carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the restaurant to eat it in their cars or in their homes. At some f

19、ast food restaurants, people can order their food, pay for it and pick it up without leaving their cars.There are many kinds of fast food restaurants in the United States. Most of the restaurants sell hamburgers or other popular foods among Americans. In addition, there are many fast food restaurant

20、s that serve Chinese food, Italian food, chicken, seafood and ice cream. The idea of a fast food restaurant is so popular that nearly every kind of food can be found in one.Fast food restaurants are popular because they show the American way of life. First, they are not formal restaurants. People we

21、ar any type of dress when they go to a fast food place. Second, they are fast. People who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their food or waiting while someone else prepares it. In fast food restaurants the food restaurant is not expensive. Therefore, people can often eat at a fast food r

22、estaurant without spending too much money, while they may not be able to go to more expensive rest1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?2.Fast food restaurants are popular because they （ ）.3.According to the writer, American people（ ）.4.According to the passage, the favorite

23、restaurants in the U.S. are（ ）.5.The best title for this passage would be（ ）.问题1选项A.Chinese food is also served in some fast food restaurantsB.People can have almost every kind of food in fast food restaurantsC.Fast food can be taken out of the restaurantsD.Fast food can be taken out of the restaura

24、nts问题2选项A.are manyB.are fastC.are expensive restaurantsD.serve expensive food问题3选项A.are always busyB.prefer ordinary type of dressC.do not want to spend too much time preparing their foodD.go to more expensive restaurants very often问题4选项A.the Chinese restaurantsB.the fast food restaurantsC.more expe

25、nsive restaurantsD.less expensive restaurants问题5选项A.Fast food Restaurants in the U.S.B.The Favorite Food in the U.S.C.The American Way of LifeD.Different Kinds of Restaurants【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章最后一段指出: most food in a fast food restaurant is not expensive(快餐店的大多数食物都不贵),因此C项错误。2

26、.细节事实题。第三段指出: Fast food restaurants are popular because they show the American way of life (快餐店很受欢迎，因为它们展现了美国人的生活方式),后面指出了受欢迎的第二点原因,即快餐店很快。因此B正确。3.细节事实题。第三段指出: people who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their food.( 忙碌的人不想花时间准备食物),因此C正确。4.细节事实题。第三段指出: Fast food restaurants are popular,而

27、且文章都是在讲快餐店很受欢迎。故B项 “快餐店”正确。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲快餐店的点餐方式,第二段讲美国快餐店种类之多,第三段讲快餐店受欢迎的原因。因此A项“美国的快餐店”正确。6. 单选题It was last night（ ） I see the comet.问题1选项A.the timeB.whenC.thatD.whichv【答案】C【解析】句意: 我是昨天晚上看见的彗星。语法题。考查强调句型: It+be+强调部分+that(who/whom)+主谓句。7. 单选题Did you know that womens brains are smaller than mens? T

28、he average womens brain weights 10% less than mens. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the clever the animal, men must be more intelligent than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of

29、study, researchers have concluded that its whats inside that matters, not just the size of brain. The brain consists of “grey matter” and “white matter”. While men have more of the latter, the amount of “thinking” brain is almost exactly the same in both sexes.It has been suggested that smaller brai

30、n appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the pho

31、ne, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby ail at the same time, its women who come out on top every time.There are other important differences between two sexes. As white matter is the key to spatial tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “A great footballer alw

32、ays knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,” says one researcher. That may explain one of lifes great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions. and women often need to!The differences begin when fetuses are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the a

33、ction of children as young as one. A boy would try to climb a barrier before him or push it down while a girl would attract help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills while more women speech skills. It may all go back t

34、o our ancestors, among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to the research.If all this disappoints you, it shouldnt. “The brain changes throughout our lives according to what we do with it.” says a biologist.1.The passage main

35、ly tells us （ ）.2.Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?3.What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs?4.Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?5.What is the writers attitude in writing this passage?问题1选项A.the differences betwee

36、n mens and womens brainsB.the changes in brain throughout our livesC.that men are better at spatial tasksD.that brain differences are related to our ancestors问题2选项A.Womens brain is 10% less than mens.B.Grey matter plays the same role as white matter.C.Grey matter controls thinking in the brain.D.Bot

37、h sexes have the same amount of white matter.问题3选项A.Women prefer doing many things at a time.B.Men do better dealing with one job at a time.C.Women do not need to tell directions.D.Men have weaker spatial abilities.问题4选项A.Young boys may be stronger than young girls.B.More women take up jobs requirin

38、g speech skills.C.Women may have stronger feelings than men.D.Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.问题5选项A.DefensiveB.PersuasiveC.SupportiveD.Objective【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首先通过否定脑袋越大的动物越聪明， 所以男性一定比女性聪明的论断来引出文章的中心论点，即男女性在智利方而是没有什么 差异的，是他们的大脑构造的不同导致了知识的掌握以及行为等方面的不同。因此选项A “男女性大

39、脑的不同”比较能概括全文。2.判断推理题。选项A“女性的大脑比男性轻10%”，根据文章第一段The average womens brain weights 10% less than mens.中的关键词 average “ 平均”可知选项 A 表述不够准确，不是所有的女性的大脑都比男性轻10%；根据文章第一段中的The brain consists of “grey matter” and “white matter”. While men have more of the latter, the amount of “thinking” brain is almost exactly t

40、he same in both sexes. “大脑包括大脑灰质”和白质，尽管男性有更多的白质，但男女思维几乎是相同的”可以推断出大脑灰质是“思维型”，而根据文章第三段中的As white matter is the key to spatial tasks.“由于对于完成需要空间思维的任务至关道要”可知白质是“空间想象型”，故选项B “灰质和白质所起到的作用相同”和选项D “男女性拥有等量的白质”错误，而选项C “大脑灰质控制思维”正确。3.判断推理题。根据文章第二段中的women can understand sorts of information from different sour

41、ces at the same time. “女性大脑可以同吋处理来自不同地方的多种信息”可 以推断出选项A “女性愿意同时做多件事”正确；选项B “男性能更好地在一个吋间内处理件事情”在文章中没有体现；根据文章第三段中的why men refuse to ask for directions. and women often need to!“为什么男性不会去询问有关方向的问题，而女性却常常问这样的问题” 可知选项C “女性不需要辨别方向”和选项D “男性的空间思维能力更弱”错误，故选A。4.判断推理题。根据第四段的These brain differences also explain t

42、he fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills while more women speech skills (这些大脑的区别解释了一种实际现象一一大部分男性都会从事需要很好的空间思维能力的工作而女性却从事需要语言技巧的工作), 可推断出选项B“更多的女性从事需要语言技巧的工作”正确。5.观点态度题。这是一篇具有科普类性质的文章，科普类的一般是客观的，故答案选项为D“客观的”。8. 单选题There was only a small （ ）in the citys population over the l

43、ast ten years.问题1选项A.intimacyB.immortalityC.incidenceD.increment【答案】D【解析】句意: 在过去十年内这个城市的人口只有一个小幅度的增加。名词辨析。Intimacy亲密，隐私; immortality永生,不朽; incidence发生率, 影响; increment增加。故D项符合句意。9. 单选题A balance of international payment refers to the net result of the business which a nation （ ）with other nations in a

44、 given period.问题1选项A.transactB.temptsC.thrivesD.transforms【答案】A【解析】句意: 国际收支平衡是指在一定时期内一个国家与其他国家贸易的净收益。固定搭配。transact business with与交易。10. 单选题（ ） you come yesterday, you would have seen him.问题1选项A.HadB.ifC.whenD.should【答案】A【解析】句意: 如果你昨天来了，就可以见到他了。语法题。考查虚拟语气。此句是对过去的虚拟,从句要用过去完成时。Had you come yesterday =i

45、f you had come yesterday。11. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.北京计划未来投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手。中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。她就是那个到明年年底会攒一万美元的那个女孩。你认识那个警察一直在找的小偷吗？自从她出生以来她就从未见过她爸爸。你知道你们班长喜欢的女孩儿是贼的女儿吗？他很谦逊，认为自

46、己离成功还很远。宗教和科学其实不但可以调和，而且可以共存共生。【答案】Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in the future to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5.The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some of which are increasingly popular with foreign media.The wor

47、d tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money without limits or those showing off their wealth all around.The word dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese w

48、omen who rushed to purchase gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago.She is the girl who will have made ten thousand dollars by the end of next year.Do you know the thief whom the policeman has been looking for?She has never seen her father since he was born.Do you know the girl who i

49、s liked by your monitor is the daughter of a thief?9. He is humble and thinks he is far from success.10. Religion and science are not only reconcilable, but also symbiotic.12. 单选题“You must always obey your leaders. Oh, I must,（ ）问题1选项A.mustnt IB.must IC.shouldnt ID.should I【答案】B【解析】句意: “你必须服从领导”。“噢，

50、难道必须吗？”语法题。考查反义疑问句。反问用法(情态动词+主语)表示对说话对象的质疑,反对,惊讶或反 驳。13. 单选题In 1896, William Jennings Bryan, a three-time candidate for the American presidency, gave a speech on a relatively dry financial topic, criticizing the gold standard. But his rhetoric was for the ages: “You shall not press down upon the bro

51、w of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross gold!”Just over a hundred years later Sam Brownback, arguing for war against Iraq in a speech to the American Senate, said, “We go at Iraq and it says to countries that support terrorists, there remain six in the world that

52、are as our definition state sponsors of terrorists, you say to those countries: 4 We are serious about terrorism, we are serious about you not supporting terrorism on your own soil.”What happened over the 20lh century? Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in oratory or in writing, to c

53、ommand the English language with skill and flair. Nor so they aspire to such command themselves. John McWhorter, a linguist, sees the triumph of 1960s counterculture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another passage agai

54、nst the decline in education. Mr. McWhorters academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”，for example, to be natural and no more lamentable than the loss of the case-endings of Bcowulf-ear English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “

55、doing our own thing”，has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poe

56、try, the highly personal genre is the only form that could claim real vibrancy. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend than Mr. McWhorter documents is u

57、nmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms he is really bemoaning the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take o

58、ur English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but, probably an inevitable.1.The sentences of William and Sam are quoted in the first two paragraphs to show （ ）.2.John McWhorter attributes the decline of formal English to（ ）.3.John McWhorters attitude towards the loss “whom” seems

59、to be（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.5.By “we now take our English on paper plate instead of china”，the linguist most probably means that （ ）.问题1选项A.the great social changes that have taken place in a centuryB.the obvious decline of English language commandsC.that terrorism issue i

60、s more serious than gold standardD.that both of the speakers are excellent speech makers问题2选项A.the Americans lower expectations of public figuresB.the Presidents lower expectations of themselvesC.the permissive attitudes towards language decades agoD.the loss of “whom” and case-endings in English问题3

61、选项A.calmB.criticalC.indifferentD.supportive问题4选项A.English before the sixties was characterized by dry financial topicB.English before the sixties was used less skillfully than it is nowC.English after the sixties is characterized by oral usagesD.English after the sixties is used less often in writte

62、n language than in spoken问题5选项A.nowadays English is more often used on paper than on chinaB.nowadays English is more often used in China than in other countriesC.nowadays English has become less useful in paper writing than beforeD.nowadays English has lost some original charm even though equally useful【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。文章前两段对威廉和萨姆相关事件的引用是为了引出文章的话题，指出英语语言的退化现象，故答案选项为B项“英语语言的明显衰退”。2.细节事实题。第三段的最后一句指出: John McWhorter, a linguist, se