2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第158期

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1、2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题There was （ ）that we were in a fix, as we had no food in the coach and no water.问题1选项A.no denyingB.not denyingC.not to be deniedD.no denial【答案】A【解析】考查固定句型。there is/was no doing sth. .意为“无法，不能”。句意：不可否认我们陷入了困境，因为车上没有食物也没有水。2. 翻译题Translate the following sentence

2、s into Chinese.After years of expansion, the smart phone market is peaking. Some firms still thrive: Chinas Huawei, a telecoms giant, predicts that revenues from its consumer-devices division will rise by about 50% this year. But Xiaomi, an innovative electronics firm once seen as Chinas answer to A

3、pple, is losing steam. Apple itself announced weaker results on April 26th. Revenues from sales in greater China fell by 26% year on year. As the market for devices matures, however, consumer spending is shifting to services: data usage has grown at triple-digit rates since 2012.Until last year hous

4、e prices were rising predominantly in prosperous central London boroughs.That was largely because of an influx of cash-rich buyers, says Neal Hudson of Savills, an estate agency. People saw posh property in the capital as a shelter from economic turmoil abroad. Elsewhere in Britain, however, the hou

5、sing market was torpid. Potential buyers struggled to find mortgages. Falling real wages, economic uncertainty and the memory of plummeting house prices during the crisis curbed the obsession with property in these areas.【答案】经过多年的扩张，智能手机市场正处于顶峰状态。一些企业仍在茁壮成长：中国电信巨头华为预测，其自身消费设备部门今年的收入将增长约50%。 然而，曾经被看成

6、是中国对苹果公司竞争回应的一家创新性电子公司小米却正在失去收入增加的动力。在4月26日，苹果自己也宣布了较弱的业绩。苹果在大中华地区销售额同比下降26%。然而，随着电子设备市场的成熟，消费者的支出也正在转向服务方面：自2012年以来，数据流量使用一直保持三位数的增长率。直到去年，在繁荣的伦敦市中心地区的房价一直在显著上升。房地产中介第一太平戴维斯公司(SaviHs)的尼尔哈德逊(Neal Hudson)声称，这在很大程度上是因为现金充裕的买家涌入。人们把首都的高档房产看作是国外经济动荡的避风港。然而，在英国的其他地方，房地产市场却是萎靡不振的。潜在买家为了找到抵押贷款而苦苦挣扎。在经济危机期间

7、，实际工资的下降、经济的不稳定性和对房价暴跌的记忆都遏制了英国人对这些地区房地产的痴迷。3. 问答题The State Administration for Market Regulation, which launched the probe into the e-commerce giant in December, charged Alibaba with abusing its market dominance.The watchdog said its investigation concluded that Alibaba had hindered online retail in

8、 China, affected innovation in the platform-based internet economy, hurt the lawful rights of merchants and damaged consumers interests.The 18.23 billion yuan ($2.8 billion) fine on Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. was equivalent to four percent of Alibabas domestic sales in 2019, according to the Saturda

9、y statement. The companys earnings report showed it registered profits of about $12 billion in the last three months of 2020.The announcement is the latest development in the governments increased oversight on internet companies to avoid the “disorderly expansion of capital”, curbing behavior such a

10、s either-or choices for merchants between e-commerce platforms, and price gouging on regular customers via big data.Last December, Chinas antitrust regulators made public through a statement the decision to fine, for an amount of 500,000 yuan, three of the countrys largest technology companies for f

11、ailing to disclose the purchases of smaller competitors, escalating the level of enforcement against every kind of monopolistic corporate behavior that affects consumers interests.The companies hit by the decision are Alibaba Investment, which in three deals failed to obtain approval for the acquisi

12、tion of department store operator Intime Retail Group; Tencent, which through its subsidiary China Literature failed to report the acquisition of New Classic Media; and SF Holding, which acquired a competitor previously owned by China Post Corp.As is the case with Alibabas investment and later priva

13、tization of Intime, the fines refer to deals concluded as early as 2014, leading to a great deal of concern for Chinese tech giants facing retroactive penalties as well as the potential amendment of the penalty amount in the upcoming antitrust law. Considering the number of acquisitions that both Al

14、ibaba and Tencent have conducted over the years, this could pose serious consequences.Strengthening anti-monopoly supervision has become a global trend, Economic Daily reported on Monday. Antitrust law enforcement agencies in countries and economies in the world have taken tough regulatory stances a

15、nd restrictive measures on online platforms.According to incomplete statistics, the report said, technology behemoths like Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon have been deeply involved in antitrust investigations in the world during the past four years. Among them, Google faced 27 cases, Amazon and A

16、pple both 22 cases, and Facebook 13 cases.The voices against big tech companies never cease. They are deemed to have too much powertoo much power over our economy, our society, and our democracy. They have bulldozed competition, used our private information for profit, and tilted the playing field a

17、gainst everyone else. And in the process, they have hurt small businesses and stifled innovation.The growing importance of technology in the development of modern economies, and as a contributor to national GDP in the age of Covid-19, now requires the maximum level of legislative intervention from e

18、very countrys government through an appropriate trade-off that encourages tech companies to grow and innovate, while guaranteeing an open and fair market environment, which is the basis of social and economic stability.Answer the following questions according to the above text.1) Why is the whole wo

19、rld so worried about the platform-based internet giants? (10 points)2) Do you think we need more antitrust laws to regulate the market competition or simply break up those tech giants under the context of Covid-19? Justify your opinions. (20 points)【答案】1)Because the platform-based internet giants ar

20、e deemed to have too much powertoo much power over our economy, our society, and our democracy. They have bulldozed competition, used our private information for profit, and tilted the playing field against everyone else. And in the process, they have hurt small businesses and stifled innovation.2)I

21、 agree with the idea that in the age of Covid-19, now requires the maximum level of legislative intervention from every countrys government through an appropriate trade-off that encourages tech companies to grow and innovate, while guaranteeing an open and fair market environment, which is the basis

22、 of social and economic stability. In recent years, platform-based internet giants have made positive contributions to meet consumers needs and drive high-quality economic development. However, with the uncontrollable trend of those tech giants, the abuse of market dominance is on the rise. A series

23、 of problems, such as restricting competition, price discrimination and harming the rights and interests of consumers, have emerged, which have destroyed the order of market competition and hindered industry innovation. Remediation of illegal acts that affect fair competition is conducive to promoti

24、ng the development of economy. Besides, we need more antitrust laws to regulate the market competition. The epidemic has brought an unprecedented impact on Chinas economic and social development. First, the production and operation of enterprises have been affected. The extended Spring Festival holi

25、day and the delay in resuming work have reduced the number of working days, and restrictions on transportation in some provinces and cities have also affected the movement of people and goods needed for production. This loss has already been reflected in first-quarter GDP growth. Second, since the b

26、eginning of this year, consumer spending on retail sales, catering, tourism and other areas has dropped significantly. The epidemic has also had a profound impact on the behavior of economic entities, especially consumers who may spend less of time in shopping malls, cinemas and other crowded places

27、. Therefore, we need more antitrust law under this situation for it can help to develop a fair, unified, and open market competition system, which is conducive to the healthy development of the social economy and the fundamental protection of the rights and interests of consumers.4. 问答题Ambition, (A)

28、 as opposed to mere fantasizing about desires, implies work and discipline to achieve goals, personal and social of a kind (B) society can survive without. Ambition (C) is intimately connected with family, for men and women not only work party for their families, but (D) harbor some of their most ar

29、dent ambitions for their children.【答案】B；改成society cannot survive without。5. 单选题The weeds and tall grass in that yard make the house look as long as it has been vacant for quite A B C Dsome time.问题1选项A.weedsB.makeC.lookD.as long as【答案】D【解析】考查固定短语。as long as意为“只要”，与句意不符，故用as if（好像，似乎）。句意：院子里的杂草使得这座房子看

30、起来似乎荒废了很久。试题答案：D; as if6. 翻译题Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.Its raining again. As I lie awake in bed, listening to the sound of those razor-sharp drops pounding on the pavement, my mind goes reeling down dark corridors teeming with agonizing flashbacks, and a chill from wi

31、thin fills me with dread. Its raining, again.It does this year in Southern California; at least thats what they told me last year when I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain. There seem to be two seasons here. During the rainy season, sometimes the storms drench the area nonstop for

32、days. Sometimes the storms come and go. Often property damage and disrupted lives result. Its hard to predict the intensity of the patterns from year to year. Then there is the fire season. That takes care of the property that managed to survive the deluge, again disrupting lives. The days connectin

33、g these seasons are monotonous, with some sun, some smog and some more sun. This is nothing like back home in Colorado.【答案】又下雨了。我醒着躺在床上，听着那些犀利的的雨点掉落在人行道上的声音。我的思绪陷入了黑暗的走廊，充满了痛苦的回忆，内心的寒意让我充满恐惧。又在下雨了加利福尼亚南部，今年也如此。当我对雨无情地下个不停感到惊奇时，至少，去年他们是这样告诉我的。这里似乎只有两个季节。在雨季，有时暴风雨连续几天不停地浸透这个地区。有时暴风雨来去不定。往往造成财产损失和生活混乱，

34、每年都很难预测这种模式的强度。然后是火灾季节，从洪水中幸存下来的财物就落到它手里了，再一次扰乱人们的生活。连着这些季节的日子是单调的，仅有一些太阳，一些雾和一些更多的太阳。这和回科罗拉多的家完全不同。7. 问答题(A) Define ambition and you instantly (B) reveal a great deal about yourself: Even that most neutral of works, Websters, in its Seventh New Collegiate Edition, (C) gives itself off, (D) defining

35、 ambition first and foremost as “an ardent desire for rank, fame and power.”【答案】C；改成gives itself away8. 单选题Anne Whitney, a sophomore（大学二年级学生）at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. “I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks

36、before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldnt think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher.” Another student in biology had similar ex

37、periences. He said, “My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldnt even wr

38、ite them down!”These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although

39、poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes text anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.Special university advising courses try to help students. In these courses, advi

40、sors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tensions. These courses teach students how to relax the

41、ir bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ease. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.An expert at the University of California explains, “With almost all students, relaxation

42、and less stress are felt after taking our program. Most of them experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great.”1.To “blank out” is probably （ ）.2.Poor grades are usually the result of（ ）.3.Test anxiety has been recognized as（

43、 ）.4.To deal with this problem, students at some universities would（ ）.5.A University of California advisor said（ ）.问题1选项A.to be like a blanketB.to be sure of an answerC.to be unable to think clearlyD.to show knowledge to the teacher问题2选项A.poor sleeping habitB.lazinessC.lack of sleepD.inability to f

44、rom good study habits问题3选项A.an excuse for lazinessB.the result of poor study habitsC.a real problemD.something that cannot be changed问题4选项A.take a short course on anxietyB.read about anxietyC.take tests to evaluate their anxietyD.take tests to prove they are not anxious问题5选项A.all students could over

45、come the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety programB.almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California advising courseC.students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety courseD.students found it easy to relax as soon as they

46、 entered a University of California advising course.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.词义题。根据文章第一段中“only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldnt think of the answer.”却发现我不能正确回答这些问题。我因为紧张和恐惧，我无法想到答案。可推测此处指头脑一片空白，不能正常思考，因此C选项“不能清

47、楚地思考”符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits”尽管成绩不好往往是不良的学习习惯导致的，可知D选项“无法养成良好的学习习惯”符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.”可知考试焦虑已被认为是一个真实存在的问题，因此选C。4.细节

48、事实题。根据文章第三段中“At some universities, students take tests to measure theiranxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tensions.”在一些大学里，学生通过考试来测量他们焦虑，如果考试显示他们的焦虑程度很高，学生可以参加短期课程，帮助他们应对自身的紧张，因此选A。注意题干问的是处理焦虑问题的方法，C选项不符题意，参加测试评估焦虑的目的是删选

49、需要参加课程的学生。5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段中“With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking our program.”几乎所有的学生在参加我们的课程后都能感受到放松和较少的压力，因此B选项“在参加一个加州大学建议课程后，几乎所有学生都感到较少的压力”符合题意。9. 翻译题Translate the following Chinese into English.对于希望利用中国大量廉价劳动力的国内外企业来说，多年来，中国沿海制造业中心一直是生产基地的上上之选。然而，自今年5月份以来，

50、中国境内劳资争端明显增多，加之人民币走强以及政府采取行动遏制污染和产能过剩，表明这种低成本的生产模式己不再稳固。【答案】Over the years, Chinas coastal manufacturing center has always been the best choice for production bases for enterprises at home or abroad who want to take advantage of the large number of Chinese cheap labors. However, since May this year,

51、 the significant increase of industrial disputes, the appreciation of RMB as well as the actions adapted by governments in order to curb pollution and excess capacity show that this kind of production pattern in low cost is no longer stable.10. 翻译题Unemployment and inflationThe best-known application

52、 of rational expectations models has been to an interpretation of the observed relation between unemployment and inflation. A.W. Phillips (1958) noted a negative relation between the unemployment rate and the wage inflation rate in the United Kingdom between 1861 and 1957. A similar relation was fou

53、nd also in the United States for much of the same sample period. Since then, the negative relation has broken down. Lucas (1976) and Sargent and Wallace (1973) offered interpretations of the Phillips relation and its subsequent breakdown. In its simplest terms: this interpretation asserts that there

54、 may be a stable relation between unemployment and unexpected inflation. Unexpected inflation may cause job seekers to misperceive the real value of wage offers they have received, and thus to accept offers that they would not have accepted if they had known the true real wage they were getting. By

55、accepting these jobs, they lower the unemployment rate. In the period Phillips studied the price level might have been well-enough approximated by a random walk that actual inflation may have approximately equaled unexpected inflation. Since then, when inflation has become much more serially correla

56、ted, actual and expected inflation may have diverged widely.【答案】失业和通货膨胀最著名的理性预期模型的应用己经是对观察到的失业率和通货膨胀之间关系的一种解 释。A.W. Phniips（1958）指出，在1861年至1957年，联合王国的失业率与工资通货膨胀率之间存在着消极关系。在美国也发现了类似的关系，大部分是相同的样本周期。从那时起，消极的关系已经破裂了。Lucas(1976)、Sargent 和Wallace (1973)给出了Phillips关系及其随后破裂的解释。最简单的说法是：这个解释声称，失业和预期外的通货膨胀之间可能

57、存在稳定的关系。预期外的通货膨胀可能导致求职者错估了他们所收到的工资待遇的真实价值，因此才接受了这些工作。如果他们知道真正的实际工资，他们是不会接受的。通过接受这些工作，他们降低了失业率。在这期间，Phillips研究价格水平可能非常的接近随机理论，即实际通 货膨胀可能约等于预期外的通货膨胀。从那时起，当通货膨胀变得更错综复杂，实际和预期 的通货膨胀可能有广泛的分歧。 11. 单选题（ ）find out who the murderer was.问题1选项A.Not until the last page of the book youllB.Not until the last page

58、of the book you wontC.Not until the last page of the book you willD.Until the last page of the book will you【答案】D【解析】考查部分倒装。当until，not until位于句首时，主句要部分到账，即将助动词或情态动词移至主语前。句意：直到读到这本书的最后一页，你才会发现谁是凶手。12. 问答题Demographic indicators show that Americans in the post war period were more eager than ever to es

59、tablishfamilies. They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women Aand brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred years of steady B Cdecline, producing the baby boom. D【答案】试题答案：B; high【解析】考查形容词。此处表示他们把男女的婚龄降了下来，使出生率达到了20世纪的高峰。height 是名词，一般表示“高度

60、”；high是形容词，一般表示“很高的”，修饰名词。13. 单选题Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market which A B Cdealers in bills, notes and other forms of short-term credit can buy and sell. D问题1选项A.of its ownB.some kindC.whichD.short-term credit【答案】C【解析】考查介词搭配。原句应为dealers can buy and se

61、ll in，需要将介词in提前，由“in+which”引导定语从句。试题答案：C; in which14. 问答题The most (A) acute challenges (B) facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his fellow man, but those (C) involved humankinds struggle to preserve the environment and ensure the (D) sustainability of life on earth.【

62、答案】C；“involved” 改为 “involving”。【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：未来面临的最严峻的挑战可能不仅是人与人之间的竞争，而且是涉及到人类努力保护环境和确保地球上生命的可持续性的挑战。句中“those”指代上文提到的“challenges”，“involved”过去分词作后置定语表被动，而“those”和“involve”之间是主动关系，所以将“involved”改为“involving”。15. 单选题Predicting the future is always risky. But its probably safe to say that at least a few historians will one day speak of the 20th-century as Americas “Disney Era.” Today, its certainly diff