2022年考博英语-中国科学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第69期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Its well known that the brain is a food-guzzling greedy guts, consuming 20% of the bodys energy though it only _ 2% of its weight.问题1选项A.accounts forB.contributes toC.figures outD.makes up for【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. accounts for 占比例 B. contributes to 有助于，促成C. figu

2、res out 想出，弄明白 D. makes up for 补偿，弥补【考查点】动词词组辨析。【解题思路】though引导了一个让步状语从句，根据从句内容所得出的某种预期应与上文“consuming 20% of the bodys energy（消耗着身体百分之二十的能量）”之间存在相反的逻辑关系，说明该预期应为“消耗的身体能量很少”。通常来说只有占了很多的身体重量，才会消耗更多的身体能量，由此可知从句部分所表达的应该是“只占很少的身体重量”。account for指组成或形成某物的一部分，因此A选项account for“占比例”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项contributes t

3、o“有助于，促成”指作为促进某件事的因素，不能和“weight（体重）”进行搭配；C选项figures out“想出，弄明白”指通过思考理解某事物或找到解决办法，不符合题干的语义逻辑；D选项makes up for“补偿，弥补”指做出行动来纠正或改进某事物，不符合题干的语义逻辑。【句意】众所周知，大脑是一个狼吞虎咽的贪吃鬼，尽管它只占身体重量的百分之二，却消耗着身体百分之二十的能量。2. 单选题Were in the middle of an epic battle for power in cyberspace. On one side are the traditional, organi

4、zed, institutional powers such as governments and large multinational corporations. On the other are the distributed: grassroots movements, dissident groups, hackers, and criminals. Initially，the Internet empowered the latter. It gave them a place to coordinate and communicate efficiently, and made

5、them seem invincible. But now, the more traditional institutional powers are winning, and winning big. How these two sides fare in the long term, and the fate of the rest of us who dont fall into either group, is an open questionand one vitally important to the future of the Internet.In the Internet

6、s early days, there was a lot of talk about its “natural laws” 一how it would transform traditional power blocks, empower the masses, and spread freedom throughout the world. The international nature of the Internet circumvented national laws. Anonymity was easy. Censorship was impossible. Police wer

7、e clueless about cybercrime. And bigger changes seemed inevitable. Digital cash would undermine national sovereignty. Citizen journalism would topple traditional media, corporate PR, and political parties. The ease of digital copying would destroy the traditional movie and music industries. Web mark

8、eting would allow even the smallest companies to compete against corporate giants. It really would be a new world order.This was a utopian vision, but some of it did come to pass. Internet marketing has transformed commerce. The entertainment industries have been transformed by things like MySpace a

9、nd YouTube, and are now more open to outsiders. Mass media has changed dramatically, and some of the most influential people in the media have come from the blogging world. There are new ways to organize politically and run elections. Facebook and Twitter really did help disrupt governments.But that

10、 is just one side of the Internets disruptive character. The Internet has emboldened traditional power as well.On the corporate side, power is being consolidated, a result of two current trends in computing. First, the rise of cloud computing means that we no longer have control of our data. And sec

11、ond, we are increasingly accessing our data using devices that we have much less control over： iPhones, iPads, Android phones, Kindles, ChromeBooks. Unlike traditional operating systems, these devices are controlled much more tightly by the vendors, who limit what software can be run, what they can

12、do, how theyre updated.1.In the Internet battle, the grassroots movement （ ）.2.According to the author，in the future a key Internet issue will be（ ）.3.“Natural laws” refers to（ ）.4.Lack of surveillance over the Internet would likely（ ）.5.Online media has（ ）.6.We now have less control over the data w

13、e use because（ ）.问题1选项A.experienced an epic failureB.gradually became invincibleC.previously beat institutional forcesD.distributed power to dissident groups问题2选项A.which side has the technological resourcesB.what happens to those who remain neutralC.which side is good at communicationsD.what financi

14、al resources are available问题3选项A.the fast expansion of InternetB.the traditional power structureC.national laws to regulate the InternetD.lack of control on the Internet问题4选项A.strengthen national securityB.devastate the traditional film industryC.provide more information to the policeD.handicap the

15、development of small companies问题5选项A.made the utopian vision impossibleB.won more support for the governmentC.made some ordinary people become famousD.excluded outsiders from the entertainment industries问题6选项A.cloud computing is highly confusingB.there is no limit to updating softwareC.corporate gia

16、nts are in a dominant positionD.it is difficult to assess data in electronic devices【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C第6题:C【解析】1.细节推断题。根据题干关键词 “Internet battle” “grassroots movement”，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据 “.the Internet empowered the latter. It gave them a place to coordinate and communicate efficiently, and

17、made them seem invincible.（互联网赋予了后者力量。这给了他们一个有效协调和沟通的地方，让他们看起来不可战胜。）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。2.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据 “and the fate of the rest of us who dont fall into either group, is an open questionand one vitally important to the future of the Internet（而我们这些不属于这两类人的其他人的命运，是一个公开的问题，对互联网的未来至关重要）

18、”即可得出本题答案。3.细节推断题。根据题干关键词“Natural laws”，可将信息点定位在原文第二段。根据 “Anonymity was easy. Censorship was impossible. Police were clueless about cybercrime.（匿名很容易。审查制度是不可能的。警方对网络犯罪一无所知）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据 “digital copying would destroy the traditional movie and music industries（数字复

19、制将摧毁传统的电影和音乐产业）”即可得出本题答案。5.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据 “Mass media has changed dramatically, and some of the most influential people in the media have come from the blogging world.（大众媒体发生了巨大的变化，媒体中一些最有影响力的人来自博客世界。）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。6.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据 “.we are increasingly accessing

20、our data using devices that we have much less control over. these devices are controlled much more tightly by the vendors.（我们越来越多地使用我们无法控制的设备来访问我们的数据。供应商对这些设备的控制要严格得多。）”,即可得出本题答案。3. 单选题In todays frenetic workplace, where distractions are constant and competition is often fierce, stress has never bee

21、n higher. From panic attacks and anxiety to poor sleep, acid reflux, high blood pressure and strokes, stress is causing our bodies to mentally and physically shut down, according to Dr. Tara Swart, neuroscientist and co-author of “Neuroscience for Leadership”.Instead of telling us what we shouldnt b

22、e doing, Swart has noted a few telltale signs we need to watch out for, signs that were letting stress get to us. Some of the physical signs include fatigue, muscular aches and pains, and flu and colds that are lingering longera sign that stress is starting to erode your immune system, she said.（1）O

23、ther physical symptoms include problems related to the gut and limbic system of the brainthings like heartburn, reflux and irritable bowel syndrome can be signs of stress as well. Sometimes, stress can send us spiraling into survival mode, as Swart calls it.（2）Being irritable and moody are also sign

24、s that stress is getting to us.（3）Aerobic exercise helps, says Swart, as it releases endorphins (内啡肽)and reduces our cortisol (皮质醇)levels. But other, less physically demanding steps need to be also taken： talking to friend or psychologist, getting adequate sleep, staying well-hydrated and practicing

25、 some type of mindfulness will all help reduce our stress, she said.（4）From Oprah Winfrey to Rupert Murdoch and Arianna Huffington to Russell Simmons, it seems these high-achieving individuals know a thing or two about how to cope with stress. Michael Chaskalson, founder and CEO of Mindfulness Works

26、 and author of Mindfulness in 8 Weeks1, coaches senior people in mindfulness skills to better manage pressures of work. In doing so, he claims his clients become more emotionally alert, more empathic and they have higher levels of concentration and creativity.（5）With the right approach, walking, eve

27、n running (in a mindful way) , staring out the window, just taking a break, will help leaders not only perform better, but theres evidence that it will improve an organizations overall health and effectiveness.问题1选项A.A lot of mental and emotional issues actually manifest with physical symptoms, she

28、said.B.We crave high-sugar foods and caffeine, thinking it will make us feel better but actually “it makes us more anxious”.C.It doesnt have to be yoga or meditation, Chaskalson says.D.Many well-known leaders and CEOs have praised meditation and mindfulness as part of their ongoing success.E.How to

29、combat all this?F.Stress makes muscles ache, warns Swart, so watch out for “that feeling when youve been running” where the lactic acid builds up.问题2选项A.A lot of mental and emotional issues actually manifest with physical symptoms, she said.B.We crave high-sugar foods and caffeine, thinking it will

30、make us feel better but actually “it makes us more anxious”.C.It doesnt have to be yoga or meditation, Chaskalson says.D.Many well-known leaders and CEOs have praised meditation and mindfulness as part of their ongoing success.E.How to combat all this?F.Stress makes muscles ache, warns Swart, so wat

31、ch out for “that feeling when youve been running” where the lactic acid builds up.问题3选项A.A lot of mental and emotional issues actually manifest with physical symptoms, she said.B.We crave high-sugar foods and caffeine, thinking it will make us feel better but actually “it makes us more anxious”.C.It

32、 doesnt have to be yoga or meditation, Chaskalson says.D.Many well-known leaders and CEOs have praised meditation and mindfulness as part of their ongoing success.E.How to combat all this?F.Stress makes muscles ache, warns Swart, so watch out for “that feeling when youve been running” where the lact

33、ic acid builds up.问题4选项A.A lot of mental and emotional issues actually manifest with physical symptoms, she said.B.We crave high-sugar foods and caffeine, thinking it will make us feel better but actually “it makes us more anxious”.C.It doesnt have to be yoga or meditation, Chaskalson says.D.Many we

34、ll-known leaders and CEOs have praised meditation and mindfulness as part of their ongoing success.E.How to combat all this?F.Stress makes muscles ache, warns Swart, so watch out for “that feeling when youve been running” where the lactic acid builds up.问题5选项A.A lot of mental and emotional issues ac

35、tually manifest with physical symptoms, she said.B.We crave high-sugar foods and caffeine, thinking it will make us feel better but actually “it makes us more anxious”.C.It doesnt have to be yoga or meditation, Chaskalson says.D.Many well-known leaders and CEOs have praised meditation and mindfulnes

36、s as part of their ongoing success.E.How to combat all this?F.Stress makes muscles ache, warns Swart, so watch out for “that feeling when youve been running” where the lactic acid builds up.【答案】第1题:F第2题:B第3题:E第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.联系上下文。本题空格后的“other physical symptoms”提示之前要填的内容也是某种生理症状，即可得出本题答案。2.本空所在的段落主要

37、大意为：压力大时人体出现的症状或反应。另外，空格后是关于情绪反应方面的内容，所以应填入的内容肯定与其相关，从而得出本题答案。3.本题所在的段落主要内容：应对压力的方法。空格处为本段主题句。选项E与本段意思相符，从而得出本题答案。4.空处后面一句列举了名流名人的例子来说明名人减压的方法。从而得出本题答案。5.空白处下文中用到了 “even” 一词，意在说明简单易行的运动照样可以减压，没有必要采取一些高大上的方法。从而得出本题答案。4. 不定项选择题Remember the concept of “sisterhood”? That quaint relic of an idea that wom

38、en owed it to other women to crash through ceilings and navigate a male world? It just might be taking new root in a most unexpected placeamong women with money. There are more women controlling more wealth in the U.S. than ever before. And unlike the women who preceded themold-school patrons who ga

39、ve to the museum and the symphony and their dead husbands alma matersthese givers are more likely to use their wealth deliberately and systematically to aid women in need.To appreciate the magnitude of this change, go back 150 years or so to the womens struggle for the right to vote, or the suffrage

40、 movement. Back to the time when one of its leaders, Matilda Joslyn Gage, lamented: “We have yet to hear of a woman of wealth who has left anything for helping her sex get the vote. Almost every daily paper heralds the fact of some large bequest to colleges, churches and charities by rich women, but

41、 it is well-known that they never remember the woman suffrage movement that underlies in importance all others.”Today, globally, more than 145 funds, with assets of nearly half a billion dollars, exist to improve the lives of women and girls. Many focus their efforts domestically; about a third work

42、 internationally. Not one existed in 1972 when the Ms. Foundation, the first national fund for and by women, was established. Collectively they now form the Womens Funding Network and have plans to increase their joint coffers by another billion dollars by 2018, in concert with a drive called Women

43、Moving Millions, which aims to encourage individuals, mostly women, to donate $ 1 million or more.Women Moving Millions began with the literal sisterhood of Helen LaKelly Hunt and Swanee Hunt. Daughters of the legendary oilman H. L. Hunt, they were raised “like Southern belles,” Helen saystaught tha

44、t money was something a woman “shouldnt worry her pretty little head about.” As adults they discovered the power of philanthropy, and about three years ago Swanee called Helen with an offer. “She said she was going to leave me a lot of money in her will,” Helen says, “but I might die first and ruin

45、the surprise, so why doesnt she give it to me now?” Swanees $ 6 million, and $ 4 million more from Helen, became the initial pledges to the campaign.60. In the past, women needed “sisterhood” to _.61. The big change in the US mentioned in the passage is that _.62. According to Matilda Joslyn Gage, t

46、he rich women failed to _.63. Paragraph 3 mainly tells about _.64. Women Moving Millions is _.65. What can we learn about Helen and Swanee?问题1选项A.be more competitive in a male worldB.help free each other from home burdensC.become as wealthy as the majority malesD.make a living in the male-dominated

47、world问题2选项A.more rich women are aiding their poorer sistersB.more rich women are stopping donating money to schoolsC.more females have won the right to vote in national electionsD.more females have contributed money to museums and symphonies问题3选项A.think about the well-being of their unfortunate sist

48、ersB.make investments in any exclusive womens projectsC.realize what was crucial in helping those needy womenD.recognize that political rights are more vital than their families问题4选项A.the individual females efforts for raising their own statusB.the future plans of the Womens Funding NetworkC.the org

49、anized groups systematic supports to womenD.the funds used for improving the lives of women问题5选项A.a rich womens societyB.a pro-women foundationC.a funds-raising campaignD.a womens funding network问题6选项A.They made a large fortune from the campaign.B.They kept their promise to donate $ 10 million.C.The

50、y helped Women Moving Millions get going.D.They left each other millions of dollars in the will.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:C【解析】60. 【选项释义】In the past, women needed “sisterhood” to _. 在过去，女性需要“姐妹情谊”来_。A. be more competitive in a male world A. 在男性的世界里更有竞争力B. help free each other from home burden

51、s B. 互相帮助，把对方从家庭负担中解放出来C. become as wealthy as the majority males C. 成为和大多数男性一样富有的人D. make a living in the male-dominated world D. 在男性主导的世界中谋生【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词sisterhood可以定位到文章第1段第1、2句“还记得姐妹情谊（sisterhood）这个概念吗？是那种古老的观念遗留下来的，认为女人有责任帮助其他女人冲破天花板（crash through ceilings），在男人的世界里遨游（navigate a male

52、world）？”，说明在过去，“姐妹情谊”能够帮助女性冲破男性主导的限制，在男性的世界里发挥自身的竞争力。因此A选项“在男性的世界里更有竞争力”正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“互相帮助，把对方从家庭负担中解放出来”，文章中没有提到家庭负担，属于无中生有；C选项“成为和大多数男性一样富有的人”，由文章第1段第3句“它可能会在一个最意想不到的地方生根在有钱的女性（women with money）中间。”可知，这些女性已经很有钱了，属于反向干扰；D选项“在男性主导的世界中谋生”，文章中说的是帮助在男性的世界里更有竞争力，而不仅仅是谋生这么基础的程度，属于曲解原文。61. 【选项释义】The big c

53、hange in the US mentioned in the passage is that _. 这段话中提到的美国的巨大变化是_。A. more rich women are aiding their poorer sisters A. 更多的富有女性正在帮助她们较穷的姐妹B. more rich women are stopping donating money to schools B. 更多的富有女性停止向学校捐款C. more females have won the right to vote in national elections C. 更多的女性在国家选举中赢得了投票

54、权D. more females have contributed money to museums and symphonies D. 更多的女性向博物馆和交响乐团捐钱【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词big change可以定位到文章第1段最后1句“与之前向博物馆、交响乐团和已故丈夫的母校捐款的老派赞助人女性不同（unlike the women who preceded them），这些捐款者更有可能有意识地、系统地使用自己的财富来帮助有需要的女性（to aid women in need）。”，说明和以前不同的是，现在的美国有更多的富有女性来帮助贫困的女性。因此A选项“更

55、多的富有女性正在帮助她们较穷的姐妹”正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“更多的富有女性停止向学校捐款”，文章只是说现在的富有女性比起向学校捐款更有可能帮助贫困的女性，没有说她们从此就不再向学校捐款，属于推理过度；C选项“更多的女性在国家选举中赢得了投票权”，文章中没有提及女性赢得了投票权，属于无中生有；D选项“更多的女性向博物馆和交响乐团捐钱”，文章中说的是比起向博物馆和交响乐团捐钱，富有女性更有可能去帮助贫困女性，属于反向干扰。62. 【选项释义】According to Matilda Joslyn Gage, the rich women failed to _. 根据玛蒂尔达乔斯林盖奇的说法，

56、富有女性们未能_。A. think about the well-being of their unfortunate sisters A. 考虑到她们不幸的姐妹们的幸福B. make investments in any exclusive womens projects B. 对任何专属女性的项目进行投资C. realize what was crucial in helping those needy women C. 意识到在帮助这些有需要的女性方面什么是关键的D. recognize that political rights are more vital than their fa

57、milies D. 认识到政治权利比她们的家庭更重要【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Matilda Joslyn Gage可以定位到文章第2段第2句“回顾过去，该运动的一位领导人玛蒂尔达乔斯林盖奇曾哀叹道：我们还没有听说过哪个富有女性为了帮助女性获得选举权（get the vote）而留下任何东西。”，同时第3句说到“她们从不记得女性投票权运动，而这一运动是所有其他运动的重要基础（underlies in importance all others）。”，说明女性投票权才是帮助女性最重要、最关键的方面，但过去的富有女性没有对此提供帮助。因此C选项“意识到在帮助这些有需要的女性方

58、面什么是关键的”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“考虑到她们不幸的姐妹们的幸福”，B选项“对任何专属女性的项目进行投资”和D选项“认识到政治权利比她们的家庭更重要”在文章中均没有提及，属于无中生有。63. 【选项释义】Paragraph 3 mainly tells about _. 第3段主要讲述了_。A. the individual females efforts for raising their own status A. 女性个人为提高自己的地位所做的努力B. the future plans of the Womens Funding Network B. 女性资金网络的未来计划C.

59、the organized groups systematic supports to women C. 有组织的团体对女性的系统支持D. the funds used for improving the lives of women D. 用于改善女性生活的资金【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Paragraph 3可以定位到文章第3段，本段第1句说到“今天，在全球范围内，有超过145个基金，资产近5亿美元，致力于改善女性和女孩的生活（to improve the lives of women and girls）。”，说明这些资金的目的是为了改善女性的生活，接着举了“女性资金

60、网络（Womens Funding Network）”和“百万女性运动（Women Moving Millions）”的例子来说明做出的努力，这些组织和运动本质上都是为了提供资金来改善女性的生活。因此D选项“用于改善女性生活的资金”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“女性个人为提高自己的地位所做的努力”，本段介绍的是社会组织和运动的努力，而非个人的，属于张冠李戴；B选项“女性资金网络的未来计划”只是列举的一个例子，不能全面概括本段的内容，属于以偏概全；C选项“有组织的团体对女性的系统支持”，本段中只说到了对女性的资金支持，没有提及系统的支持，属于无中生有。64. 【选项释义】Women Moving

61、Millions is _. 百万女性运动是_。A. a rich womens society A. 一个富有的女性协会B. a pro-women foundation B. 一个支持女性的基金会C. a funds-raising campaign C. 一个筹款活动D. a womens funding network D. 一个女性的筹款网络【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Women Moving Millions可以定位到文章第3段最后1句“与一项名为百万女性运动的运动合作，该运动旨在鼓励个人（主要是女性）捐赠100万美元或更多。”，说明百万女性运动是一个鼓励富有女

62、性捐款的筹款运动。因此C选项“一个筹款活动”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“一个富有的女性协会”，百万女性运动是一个运动而不是协会，属于无中生有；B选项“一个支持女性的基金会”，百万女性运动是一个运动而不是基金会，属于无中生有；D选项“一个女性的筹款网络”介绍的是“女性资金网络（Womens Funding Network）”，属于张冠李戴。65. 【选项释义】What can we learn about Helen and Swanee? 关于海伦和斯旺尼，我们可以了解到什么？A. They made a large fortune from the campaign. A. 她们从运动中发了

63、一大笔财。B. They kept their promise to donate $ 10 million. B. 她们信守承诺，捐出了1000万美元。C. They helped Women Moving Millions get going. C. 她们帮助百万女性运动开始运作。D. They left each other millions of dollars in the will. D. 她们在遗嘱中给对方留下了数百万美元。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Helen and Swanee可以定位到文章第4段第1句“百万女性运动始于海伦莱克莉亨特和斯旺尼亨特的姐妹情谊。”，同时最后1句说到“斯旺尼的600万美元和海伦的400万美元成为了运动的最初承诺。”，由此可知百万女性运动是由她们两人所开始的。因此C选项“她们帮助百万女