2022年考博英语-北京大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第123期

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1、2022年考博英语-北京大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Over the years, Jimmy Connors ( ) phenomenal displays of tennis and temperament at the US Open last week, he exhibited both again.问题1选项A.has treated spectators withB.has treated spectators forC.has treated spectatorsD.has treated spectators to【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。trea

2、twith“用招待”。句意：过去几年，Jimmy Connors曾向观众展现了他的网球球技及个性特点，在上周的美国公开赛上，他再次展现了这两点。因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题I was in some doubt as to whether the Corporal had ( ) us accidentally on his way out of the town or if hed been deliberately tasked.问题1选项A.crashed onB.bumped intoC.fallen againstD.puzzled about【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。

3、crash on“撞上”；bump into“无意中遇到”；fall against“绊倒在”；puzzle about“苦思冥想”。句意：我有些怀疑那个下士到底在出城的路上偶然碰上我们了还是被故意派来的。因此B选项符合题意。3. 单选题In science the meaning of the word explain suffers with civilizations every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their e

4、ffects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated onthe electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces really are. Electricity, Bertr

5、and Russell says, is not a thing, like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell. Until recently scientists would have disapproved of suc

6、h an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the univers

7、e has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because thats where they belong, and smoke goes up because thats where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things h

8、appen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.1.Bertrand Russells notion about electricity is （ ）.2.The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea that （ ）.3.The expression speculated on (Line 4) means（ ）.

9、问题1选项A.disapproved of by most modern scientistsB.in agreement with Aristotles theory of self-evident principlesC.in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward how things happenD.in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward why things happen问题2选项A.there are self-evident pri

10、nciplesB.there are mysterious forces in the universeC.man cannot discover what forces really areD.we can discover why things behave as they do问题3选项A.consideredB.suspectedC.expectedD.engaged in buying and selling【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：伯特兰罗素关于电的见解_。文章引用了罗素的见解之后有一句“Until recently scientists

11、would have disapproved of such an idea”，此句是not until句型的变形，提取了disapproved中的否定部分后，可理解为“直到现在科学家们才赞成这个说法”，可知罗素的见解与当代科学家们是符合的。文章最后一句提到“Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated forms the basis of scientific investigation”，说明当代科学是研究“how things happen”。因此C选项符合题意。2.细节题。题干：这篇文章说，直

12、到最近科学家们才同意这种观点_。题干部分的理解与上题选项一致。科学家们同意的是罗素的观点，而作者引用罗素是为了说明“Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces really are”，因此C选项符合题意。3.词义题。定位句说到，科学不能真正解释电、磁、重力，它们的效果能被测量和预测。对于它们的本性，现代科学家并不比希腊哲学家泰利斯知道得更多。所以对于琥珀带电这件事，泰勒斯应该停留在思考阶段，还不能说是怀疑。因此A选型符合题意。4. 单

13、选题Experimental sciences, based on the observation of the external world, cannot aspire to completeness; the nature of things, and the imperfection of our organs,_.问题1选项A.are likely opposing itB.are opposed to it and the likeC.are alike opposed itD.are opposing it likewise【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。be opposed t

14、o“反对”是固定用法，and the like“等等”。句意：实验科学是建立在对外部世界的观察基础上的，不能追求完备;事物的本质和我们器官的缺陷等等都与之相违背。因此B选项符合题意。5. 单选题The countrys deficit that year to a record 169.8 billion dollars.问题1选项A.soaredB.souredC.soredD.sourced【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。soar“飙升”；sour“发酵”；sore“弄伤”；source“寻求来源”。句意：这个国家的赤字到1698亿美元的记录。因此A选项符合题意。6. 单选题The loc

15、al authorities realized the need to make _ for elderly people in their housing programs.问题1选项A.preparationB.requirementC.specificationD.provision【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。preparation“准备”，强调为必然发生的事情做准备；requirement “要求；必需品”；specification“规格；说明书”；provision“规定；准备”，强调预先准备，事情只是可能会发生。句意：当地政府意识到有必要在住房计划中为老年人预先采取措施。因此

16、D选项符合题意。7. 单选题Some might consider it an ugly truth that attractive people are often more successful than those _ blessed with looks.问题1选项A.lessB.moreC.mostD.least【答案】A【解析】考查语法知识。根据题干中morethan结构可知空格处应填写比较级与之对应，因此排除C和D。而attractive与blessed with looks表达同义，无法比较，因此空格处应选择否定意义。句意：有些人可能会认为这是一个丑陋的事实，有吸引力的人往往比

17、那些颜值没那么高的人更成功。因此A选项符合题意。8. 单选题Western man is himself being Westernized by his own speed-up, （ ）by industrial technology.问题1选项A.as much the Africans are detribalizedB.the Africans are much being detribalizedC.as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD.as much as the Africans are detribalized【答案】

18、C【解析】考查固定用法。asas“像一样”，此结构前后有呼应，前半句是被动语态的进行时，后半句也应保持一致。因此C选项符合题意。9. 单选题The（ ）manuscripts are still able to tell a lot about the author who charmed the world with his works several hundred years ago.问题1选项A.extendedB.intentC.extantD.distant【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。extended“延伸的”；intent“专心的；坚决的”；extant“现存的；显著的”；

19、distant“遥远的；冷漠的”。句意：这些手稿仍然能够告诉我们许多关于这位几百年前用他的作品迷倒世界的作家的事情。由此可知“现存的手稿”更复合句意。因此C选项符合题意。10. 单选题“Gangnam Style”，the （ ）popular song from South Korean recording artist PSY has just become the most watched video on YouTube ever.问题1选项A.sanelyB.insanelyC.rationallyD.insatiably【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。sanely“稳健地，理智

20、地”；insanely“疯狂地，精神错乱地”；rationally“理性地，讲道理地”；insatiably“贪得无厌地，无法满足地”。句意：韩国唱片艺人PSY的疯狂流行的“江南Style”在YouTube上成了观看次数最多的视频。因此B选项符合题意。11. 单选题The European Parliament has banned the terms “Miss” and “Mrs” they offend female members.问题1选项A.as long asB.the momentC.so thatD.in case【答案】D【解析】考查逻辑关系。as long as“只要”；

21、the moment“一就”；so that“所以，以便”；in case“万一，假使”。句意：欧洲议会禁止使用“小姐”和“夫人”这两个词，以防它们冒犯女性议员。因此D选项符合题意。12. 单选题Nearly a third of parents say they feel（） into their homes but cannot afford to move to a bigger property, a report reveals today.问题1选项A.squealedB.squeezedC.squaredD.sneezed【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。空格前是feel，因此空

22、格处应填形容词。squealed “大声尖叫的”；persistent ”固执的；坚持的“；squeezed ”挤压的，拥挤的“；squared ”方格的“。句意：今日公布的一份报告显示，近三分之一的父母表示，他们觉得自己的家，但却买不起更大的房子。 因此选项B符合题意。13. 单选题Most people cant get _ the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee.问题1选项A.onB.throughC.overD.by【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。get on“上车；进展”；get through“通过；度过”；get ove

23、r“克服；恢复”；get by“获得认可”。句意： 如果一杯咖啡都不喝的话，大多数人都不能度过一天。因此B选项符合题意。14. 单选题Scientists on Tuesday pushed the hands of the infamous “Doomsday Clock” forward one minute from last year, signaling their_pessimism about the efforts of world leaders to handle global threats.问题1选项A.increaseB.increasedC.increasedlyD

24、.increasing【答案】D【解析】考查语法知识。空格前是their形容词性物主代词，后是名词pessimism悲观主义，所以空格处应填形容词，可排除A和C。increased“增强的”；increasing“越来越也多的，渐增的”。句意：周二，科学家们把臭名昭著的“世界末日时钟”拨快了一分钟，比去年提前了一分钟，这表明他们对世界领导人应对全球威胁的努力持悲观态度。B选项强调“已经增强的”，综合句意D选项更符合。15. 单选题It was（ ）to watch her condition deteriorate day by day.问题1选项A.sympatheticB.pathetic

25、C.empathicD.pathic【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。sympathetic“同情的；赞同的”；pathetic“可怜的；感伤的”；empathic“移情作用的”；pathic“消极的；病态的”。句意：看着她的病情一天天恶化真的令人。因此B选项符合题意。16. 单选题Kepler reconciled astronomy with physics, and substituted for fictitious clockwork a universe of material bodies not unlike the earth, freely floating and tur

26、ning in space, moved by forces（ ）.问题1选项A.acted on themB.being acted on itC.acting on themD.having acted on it【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。句意：开普勒综合了天文学和物理学，用宇宙中与地球相似的实质天体替换了虚构的运行规律，这些天体在天空中自由运动、旋转，由作用在他们上面的力驱动运转。本题考查的是分词做后置定语的用法，force与them是主动关系，因此act用现在分词形式。因此C选项符合题意。17. 单选题How can I ever concentrate if you _ con

27、tinually _ me with silly questions?问题1选项A.have, interruptedB.had, interruptedC.are, interruptingD.were, interrupted【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句中带有continually时，可用现在进行时表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态。句意：如果你不断用这种无聊的问题打扰我，我怎么能集中精力呢？因此C选项符合题意。18. 单选题The most interesting new cars may owe ( ) the simple wisdom of hiring a few talent

28、ed people and allowing them to work.问题1选项A.less local free-spiritedness thanB.less local free-spiritedness than toC.to less local free-spiritedness than toD.less to local free-spiritedness than to【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。owe to“归功于”是固定搭配，与比较级lessthan连用，应为owe less tothan to。句意：最有趣的新车与其说得益于当地的自由精神，还不如说是得益于一种简单

29、的智慧，即雇佣几个能人，并让他们为之工作。因此D选项符合题意。19. 单选题Parkinsons disease, first described in the early 1800s by British physician James Parkinson as shaking palsy”，is among the most prevalent neurological disorders. According to the United Nations, at least four million people worldwide have it； in North America, e

30、stimates run from 500, 000 to one million, with about 500, 000 diagnosed every year. These figures are expected to double by 2040 as the worlds elderly population grows ； indeed, Parkinsons and other neurodegenerative illnesses common in the elderly ( such as Alzheimers and amyotrophic lateral scler

31、osis) are on their way to overtaking cancer as a leading cause of death. But the disease is not entirely one of the aged: 50 percent of patients acquire it after age 60； the other half are affected before then. Furthermore, better diagnosis has made experts increasingly aware that the disorder can a

32、ttack those younger than 40. So far researchers and clinicians have found no way to slow, stop or prevent Parkinsons. Although treatments do exist including drugs and deep-brain stimulation these therapies alleviate symptoms, not causes. In recent years, however, several promising developments have

33、occurred. In particular, investigators who study the role proteins play have linked miscreant proteins to genetic underpinnings of the disease. Such findings are feeding optimism that fresh angles of attack can be identified.As its 19th-century name suggests and as many people know from the educatio

34、nal efforts of prominent Parkinsons sufferers such as Janet Reno, Muhammad Ali and Michael J. Fox - the disease is characterized by movement disorders. Tremor in the hands, arms and elsewhere, limb rigidity, slowness of movement, and impaired balance and coordination are among the diseases hallmarks

35、. In addition, some patients have trouble walking, talking, sleeping, urinating and performing sexually.These impairments result from neurons dying. Although the victim cells are many and found throughout the brain, those producing the neurotransmitter dopamine in a region called the substantia nigr

36、a are particularly hard-hit. These dopaminergic nerve cells are key components of the basal ganglia, a complex circuit deep within the brain that fine-tunes and co-ordinates movement. Initially the brain can function normally as it loses dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, even though it c

37、annot replace the dead cells. But when half or more of these specialized cells disappear, the brain can no longer cover for them. The deficit then produces the same effect that losing air traffic control does at a major airport. Delays, false starts, cancellations and, ultimately, chaos pervade as p

38、arts of the brain involved in motor control the thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex no longer function as an integrated and orchestrated unit.1.Which of the following statements about Parkinsons disease can be best supported by the passage?2.The author of the passage suggests that the develo

39、pments in the study of Parkinsons disease can help_.3.According to the passage, what causes Parkinsons disease?4.Janet Reno and Michael J. Fox are mentioned in the passage because( ).5The primary purpose of this passage is to( ).问题1选项A.Parkinsons disease will become one of the leading causes of deat

40、h for the old people.B.Parkinsons disease is not entirely one of the aged, as half of the patients are young people.C.Parkinsons disease first appeared in the 19th century.D.Parkinsons disease is a neurological disorder, but not yet a neurodegenerative illness.问题2选项A.prevent ParkinsonsB.alleviate th

41、e causes of ParkinsonsC.find new avenues for treatment of ParkinsonsD.cure Parkinsons问题3选项A.The dopaminergic nerve cells are impaired by the victim cells.B.The dopaminergic nerve cells can no longer co-ordinate movement.C.There are tumors in the brain.D.There are not enough dopaminergic neurons in t

42、he brain.问题4选项A.they were experts on Parkinsons diseaseB.they made great efforts to fight Parkinsons diseaseC.they succeeded in fighting Parkinsons diseaseD.they were well-known sufferers of Parkinsons disease问题5选项A.analyze what causes Parkinsons diseaseB.demonstrate how to prevent Parkinsons diseas

43、eC.warn the young people of the danger of Parkinsons diseaseD.present new movements in the study of Parkinsons disease【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：以下关于帕金森病的陈述中，哪一项最能得到文章的支持？ 原文第一段第一句提到了Parkinsons disesase, 加上“first“、”described”等关键词，发现与C选项对应，因此C选项符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：这篇文章的作者认为，帕金森病研究的进展可以帮助

44、_。 由development定位到文章第二段，最后一句提到“Such findings are feeding optimism that fresh angles of attack can be identified”，说明帕金森病研究的进展在于寻找治疗帕金森病的新途径，因此C选项符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：根据本文，帕金森病的病因是什么? 在发现题干无法帮助定位的情况下，可以分析选项，找关键词定位。由三个选项中都出现的dopaminergic可定位到文章最后一段，“But when half or more of these specialized cells disappear,

45、 the brain can no longer cover for them”，该句中的“the brain can no longer cover for them”指向帕金森病，前面的内容 “half or more these specialized cells disappear” 就是答案。因此D选项符合题意。4.细节题。题干：Janet Reno和Michael J. Fox在文中被提到是因为？根据人名定位到文章第三段第一句，他们的身份是“prominent Parkinsons sufferers”，与D选项对应。因此D选项符合题意。5.主旨题。题干：这篇文章的主要目的是_。本

46、文主要介绍了帕金森病研究的新进展，因此D选项符合题意。20. 单选题The market for dust masks and air purifiers is（ ） in Beijing because the capital has been shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze.问题1选项A.boomingB.loomingC.doomingD.zooming【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。booming“兴旺的，繁荣的”；looming“隐隐约约的，正在逼近的”；dooming“命中注定，宣判”；zooming“急速上升的”。句意：北京的口罩和空气净化器市场正在迅速发展，因为首都已经连续几天笼罩在浓雾之中。因此A选项符合题意。