2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第60期

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1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题He spoke so（ ）that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.问题1选项A.bluntlyB.convincinglyC.emphaticallyD.determinedly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析题。A选项 bluntly “坦率地，率直地”；B选项 convincingly “使人信服地，有说服力地”；C选项 emphatically “坚决地，断然地”；D选项 determinedly “决然地，断然地”。句意：他讲得

2、如此有说服力，以至于他的对手都被他的辩论所折服。结合此处句意，B选项正确。2. 填空题Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage with one suitable word.From the beginning, water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon. The first arose（1）water was a dominant element in the environment, a challenge（2

3、）mans ingenuity. The Egyptians invented the 365（3）. calendar in response（4）the Niles annual flooding. The Babylonians, who were among （5）most famous law-makers（6）antiquity, devised edicts regulating water usage. Water inspired the Chinese （7）build a 1,000 mile canal, a complex system（8）, after nearl

4、y 2,500 years, （9）still partly in use and still commands the awe of engineers. But the ancients never found complete solutions（10）their water problems. The Hwang Ho, or Yellow River is also known（11）Chinas Sorrow; it is so erratic and dangerous（12）in a single flood it has caused million deaths. Floo

5、ds hazarded the great civilization of the Indus River valley, and inadequate drainage ruined much（13）its lanD.Today（14）dominates man as it always has（15）.Its presence continues to govern the location of his homes and cities; its tempestuous variability can kill（16）or his herds or his crops; its rout

6、es link him to（17）fellows; its immense value may add（18）. already dangerous political conflicts. There are many examples（19）this in our（20）time.【答案】1.where2.to3.day4.to5.the6.in7.to8.which9.remains10.to11.as12.that13.of14.water15.done16.man17.his18.his19.of20.own【解析】1.考查状语从句。此处大意为：第一次发生在水在环境中占主导地位的地

7、方。空格前是动词，空格后为一个句子，结合句意和语境得知正确答案为where。2.考查固定搭配。a challenge to. “对的挑战”。3.考查固定搭配。由空格前“365”和空格后“calendar日历”可知应该填入day。4.考查固定搭配。in response to“对做出反应”。5.考查最高级。most修饰形容词表示最高级，和the搭配。6.考查介词。根据关键词“antiquity古代”，以及空格前为完整句子，因此填入in，表示时间。7.考查介词。介词to与后文动词构成不定式，空格前是完整的主谓宾结构。8.考查定语从句。空格前是名词结构，空格后是缺乏主语的句子，结合语境，填入whic

8、h构成定语从句。9.考查动词。根据语法结构，由and并列，此处应是与commands构成并列谓语动词，根据后文still partly in use可知此处最佳答案为remains。10.考查固定搭配。solution to“解决的办法/方法”。11.考查固定搭配。be known as“被称之为”。12.考查固定搭配so.that. “如此以致于”。13.考查词组。much of “大量，许多的”。14.考查名词。根据上下文，此处大意为：水一如既往地控制着人类。15.考查现在完成时。此处大意为：水一如既往地控制着人类。根据句意和语境可知，应填入done。16.考查名词。根据后文的or和his

9、可知应填入man。17.考查代词，根据前文提到his herds or his crops判断出此处填入his。18.考查词组。add to“增加，加强”。19.考查介词。前文example和后文this表示所属，因此填of。20.考查代词/形容词。根据空格前后关键词in our.time，以及句意：我们自己的时代，可知此处填own “自己的；特有的”。3. 单选题Most people tend to think they are so efficient at their job that they are（ ）.问题1选项A.inaccessibleB.irreversibleC.imm

10、ovableD.irreplaceable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: inaccessible “达不到的；难见到的” ；B: irreversible “不可逆的；不能翻转的”；C: immovable “不可移动的；固定的”；D: irreplaceable “不能调换的；不能代替的”。句意：大多数人都认为自己的工作效率很高，无人能取代他们。结合句意，故D为正确答案。4. 单选题In modern society, people have more and more anxiety in daily life as well as in work because of th

11、e（ ）of the city life.问题1选项A.speedB.rhythmC.velocityD.tempo【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: speed “速度；快速” ；B: rhythm “节奏”；C: velocity “速率”；D: tempo “乐 速度，拍子”。句意：在现代社会，由于城市生活的节奏，人们在日常生活和工作中都有更多焦虑。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。5. 单选题（ ）of this change is the appearance of the two books under review.问题1选项A.IndicativeB.SuggestiveC.S

12、ymptomaticD.Expressive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: Indicative “象征的；指示的；表明的”；B: Suggestive “提示的；暗示的”；C: Symptomatic “有症状的；症候的”；D: Expressive “表示的，有表现力的”。 句意：审查中的这两本书的出现反映了这个变化。be indicative of “指示的；象征的；暗示的”,本句为表语前置，完全倒装。因此A最合适。6. 翻译题In contrast to the science of classical antiquity, modern science is basica

13、lly unfinished whereas ancient science had the appearance of something completed to which the notion of progress was not essential. Modern science progresses into the infinite.Modern science has realized that a finished and total world-view is scientifically impossible. Only when scientific criticis

14、m is crippled by making particulars absolute can a closed view of the world pretend to scientific validityand then it is a false validity. Those great new unified systems of knowledgesuch as modern physicshave grown up in the scientific times only with single aspects of reality. And reality, as a wh

15、ole, has been fragmented as never before; whence the openness of the modern world is contrast to the closed Greek cosmos.【答案】和古典时代的科学相比，现代科学基本上是未完成状态，然而古老科学有完成某样东西的表象，而且进步的概念对此非常重要。现代科学进入无限境地。现代科学已经知道，完美无缺的世界观在科学上是不可能的。只有当科学批评因为细节变成绝对而被削弱的时候，僵化自守的世界观才会妄称科学有效性一一然后，这个有效性也是虚假的。那些科学时代中伟大且新统一的知识体系一一比如现代物

16、理只在现实生活的某方面已经逐渐发展。整体来看，现实已经前所未有的支离破碎。于此，现代世界的开放性与封闭自守的希腊世界形成鲜明对比。7. 单选题The story is told that in the, medieval University of Paris the professors were disputing about the number of teeth in a horses mouth. They agreed that the number could not be a multiple of three, for that would be an offense to

17、the Trinity; nor could it be a multiple a seven. Neither the records of Aristotle nor the arguments of St Thomas enabled them to solve the problem. Then a shocking thing happened. A student who had been listening the discussion went out, opened a horsed mouth and counted the teeth.I want to draw two

18、 conclusions from this parable. The first is that our present perplexities about universities derive from the act of this medieval student. He symbolizes the beginning of objective inquiry, the revolt against authority, the empirical attitude, the linking of academic study with the facts of life. Hi

19、s act introduced research into the university. After the horses mouth was opened knowledge became an open system. The second-conclusion is that we must think twice before we become nostalgic about the traditional university ideal. Not everything about the traditional university is worth preserving.

20、The medieval university was hostile to what we now call academic freedom. To stay outside the corpus academicism set books even to interpret them in novel ways was to court heresy. The traditional university was not much interested in discovery: it was preoccupied with transmission of a crystallized

21、 culture. It was at certain periods not even interested in knowledge for its own sake. Many scholars pursued knowledge. If nor for preferment then as a means of spiritual and intellectual health, just as a man plays, golf not for the sake of golf but to keep down weight.I want to follow these two li

22、nes of thought by raising three question. The first is what do we want to perpetuate from the universitys long tradition? What, in other words, is the content of our loyalty to the university ideal? Secondly what obligations does the university have_what loyalties ought it to fostertowards contempor

23、ary society? And thirdly, what are the prospects that these two loyalties one to a traditional university ideal the other to the society in which we live can be reconciled?1.The passage mainly discusses（ ）.2.The author uses the parable to show that（ ）.3.The passage states that（ ）.4.The author would

24、probably agree with（ ）.5.The word “novel” in paragraph 2 is a synonym to（ ）.6.It could be inferred that the author mentions all the following except（ ）.问题1选项A.the most important function of a universityB.the differences between modern and medieval universitiesC.the content of the university idealD.t

25、he authors opinion on education问题2选项A.scientific research should be based on factB.the traditional university ideal is acceptableC.one should always observe animals carefullyD.one must listen carefully to what others say问题3选项A.The relationship between teacher and student is very simpleB.Many scholar

26、s pursue knowledge for spiritual and intellectual healthC.The realization of the university ideal depends on several important factorsD.The universitys long traditional is preferred by many scholars问题4选项A.Theories must be combined with practice.B.Science is not related to imaginationsC.The teaching

27、environment is the most important in achieving the university idealD.The medieval university had little merits.问题5选项A.cleverB.braveC.newD.interesting问题6选项A.the traditional teaching methodsB.objective inquiryC.the linking of academic study with the facts of lifeD.revolt against authority【答案】第1题:D第2题:

28、B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:C第6题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者通过寓言引出传统教育理念，并对此做出两个结论：第一，我们目前对大学的困惑源于这位中世纪学生的行为，即客观探究、反抗权威等；第二，对传统大学理念要三思后再考虑践行。最后，作者提出三个疑问，一是我们应该延续传统大学的什么内容？大学有什么义务？这两种忠诚（一种是对传统大学理想的忠诚，另一种是对社会的忠诚）的前景是什么？这些内容都是和教育有关，因此答案为D选项“作者对教育的看法”。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “I want to draw two conclusions from this parable.”，中文

29、翻译为我想从这个寓言中得出两个结论。以及后文“The first is that our present perplexities about universities derive from the act of this medieval student. He symbolizes the beginning of objective inquiry, the revolt against authority, the empirical attitude, the linking of academic study with the facts of life. His act int

30、roduced research into the university.”，中文翻译为：第一，我们现在对大学的困惑源于这个中世纪学生的行为。他象征着客观探究的开始、对权威的反抗、经验主义的态度、学术研究与生活事实的联系。他的行为把研究引入了大学。和 “The second-conclusion is that we must think twice before we become nostalgic about the traditional university ideal”，中文翻译为：第二个结论是，在我们对传统的大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前，我们必须三思而后行。可以得知B选项“传统大学教

31、育理想是可以接受的”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “The second-conclusion is that we must think twice before we become nostalgic about the traditional university ideal.”，中文翻译为：第二个结论是，在我们对传统的大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前，我们必须三思而后行。因此，C选项“大学理想的实现取决于很多重要因素”最符合题意。4.推理判断题。由A项可以定位到文章第二段，第二段谈及“寓言中学生的行为象征着客观探究的开始，对权威的反抗，经验主义的态度，学术研究与现实生

32、活的联系。”则排除A选项；B选项在文章内没有提及；由C选项“教学环境是实现大学理想的重中之重”可以定位到文章第二段中 “The medieval university was hostile to what we now call academic freedom The traditional university was not much interested in discovery: it was preoccupied with transmission of a crystallized culture. It was at certain periods not even int

33、erested in knowledge for its own sake. Many scholars pursued knowledge.”，中文翻译为：中世纪的大学敌视我们现在所说的学术自由传统大学对发现不太感兴趣：它专注于固定文化的传播。在某些时期，它甚至对知识本身不感兴趣。许多学者追求知识。判断C选项正确；由D项可以定位到文章中 “Not everything about the traditional university is worth preserving.”，中文翻译为：传统大学中不是所有东西都值得保留。以及文章提及在对传统大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前需要三思，判断出D项错误。

34、故C为正确答案。5.词义猜测题。根据题干关键词“novel”可以定位到第二段中 “Not everything about the traditional university is worth preserving. The medieval university was hostile to what we now call academic freedom. To stay outside the corpus academicism set books even to interpret them in novel ways was to court heresy. The tradi

35、tional university was not much interested in discovery: it was preoccupied with transmission of a crystallized culture.”，中文翻译为：并不是所有的传统大学都值得保留。中世纪的大学敌视我们现在所说的学术自由。置身于学术文集之外，甚至以新颖的方式解读书籍，都是在招惹异端。传统大学对发现不太感兴趣：它专注于固定文化的传播。可以得知C项“新的”最为符合。6.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “He symbolizes the beginning of objective i

36、nquiry, the revolt against authority, the empirical attitude, the linking of academic study with the facts of life.”，中文翻译为：他象征着客观探究的开始，对权威的反抗，经验主义的态度，学术研究与现实生活的联系。因此只有A选项没有提及，符合题意。8. 单选题Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points -periods countries, dramatic events,

37、 and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revoluti

38、on that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytiC.The old questions What happene

39、d?” and“ How did it happen? have given way to the question“ Why did it happen?”, Prominent among the methods used to answer the question Why is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.Psychohistoiy does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians

40、have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psycho historians intenD.They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a

41、commitment to history as historians have always understood it Psychohistory derives its facts not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made histoiy, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives,

42、but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to. and therefore assessable by all historians. And it violates the basic tenet o historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances

43、that would refute their theses Psychohistories, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that their s is the deepest explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth.Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in th

44、e sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the s

45、ame determines in that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all t

46、imes and circumstances.1.Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?2.The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?3.The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?4.The author of the passage

47、 puts the word deepest(ParA.3)in quotation marks most probably in order to（ ）.5.In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it tacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional

48、 historical methodB.Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistoriansC.Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.D.The psychological assessment of an individuals behavior and attitudes is mor

49、e normative than the details of his or her daily life问题2选项A.What are some specific examples of the use of psychohistory in historical interpretation?B.When were the conventions governing the practice of traditional histoiy first established?C.When do traditional historians consider psychological exp

50、lanations of historical explanations of historical developments appropriate?D.What is the basic criterion of historical evidence required by traditional historians?问题3选项A.The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather thin narrative formB.Archives used by psychohistorians to gather

51、 material are not accessible to other scholarsC.Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic diagram.D.Events in the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the childhood of the figure问题4选项A.signal her reservations about the accur

52、acy of psychohistoriars claims for their workB.draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians methodC.emphasize the major difference between the traditional historians method and that of historiansD.disassociate her opinion of the psychohistorians claims from her opinion of their method问题

53、5选项A.Make general statements without reference to specific examplesB.Describe some of the criteria employed by traditional historiansC.Question the adequacy of the psycholistorians interpretation of eventsD.Point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians application of their methods【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第

54、3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文分析可见，本题的正确选项应该是包含“psychohistory”和“history”概念的选项，A项翻译为：“心理学史家对历史研究的态度， 尽管它突破了传统史学方法的严密性和可验证性，但目前仍在流行”。综合考虑，该选项符合题意，正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文第三段 “It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by all his

55、torians.”，中文翻译为：“它（即心理、历史学）否定历史证据的基本标准，即历史证据是大家都可以获取的，因此可被 所有的历史学家评价”可推断出D项“传统历史学家需要的历史证据的标准是什么”正确。3.推理判断题。根据题干中关键短语“psychohistorians”可以定位到答案信息在原文第三、四段。但是三、四段没有给出本题答案的具体信息。综合考虑，一般人们阐述问题的规律为：理论到实践。故最佳答案为C项“过去和现在的事件都放在同一个确定性状态图中”。4.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文第三段 “It denies the basic criterion of historical evid

56、ence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by all historians.”，中文翻译为：它（即心理历史学）否定历史证据的基本标准，即历史 证据是大家都可以获取的，因此可被所有的历史学家评价。以及原文 “Psychohistorians,convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories.”，中文翻译为：“心理历史 学家确信自己理论的绝对正确。”结合语境可以得出 A项正确。5.推理判断题。选项A可定位到文章第三段第六、七、八句

57、，选项B可定位到文章第一段第一、二句，选项C可以定位到第三段的尾句。因此选择D项。9. 单选题The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs（ ）it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.问题1选项A.rendersB.reckonsC.regardsD.relates【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 render “致使”；B选项 reckon “计算；认为，把看作”；C选项 regard “看待，认为”；

58、D选项 relate “有联系，连接”。句意：金雕通常将巢筑在高高的悬崖上，这一事实使得获取鸟蛋或小鸟几乎不可能。结合句意，可知A选项正确。10. 单选题It is natural for me to（ ）on his motives for the visits for we have not been on speaking terms for many years.问题1选项A.reflectB.supposeC.speculateD.meditate【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A: reflect on “仔细想；回忆；反省”；B: suppose on“猜想”；C: specul

59、ate on “推测；猜测；推断”；D: meditate on“沉思；打算”。句意：我很自然地猜测到他访问的动机，因为我们多年来一直没有谈过话。根据语境和句意，这里所指的是猜测、推测，因此C最合适。11. 单选题She was a great help to her family when her father suffered a mental（ ）and had to be hospitalized.问题1选项A.destructionB.disasterC.damageD.collapse【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: destruction “破坏，毁灭” ；B: disa

60、ster “灾难；不幸”；C: damage “损害”；D: collapse “崩溃；衰弱”。句意：当她的父亲精神上受到伤害，不得不住院时，她对家人帮助很大。根据句意，精神伤害应为mental damage，故C为正确答案。12. 单选题（ ）to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.问题1选项A.OrientationB.AccessC.ProcessionD.Voyage【答案】B【解析】考查名

61、词词义辨析。A选项 orientation“方向，方位，定位”；B选项 access “出口，接近，进入”，常与to搭配；C选项 procession “行列，队伍，前进，推移”；D选项 voyage “航海，航行”。句意：南美洲的某些地区仍然很难进入，因为该大陆的某些地区仍然被茂密的森林所覆盖。根据句意，判断出B选项正确。13. 翻译题Directions: Put the following passage into English Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet.目前，对待科技发展存在着相互对立

62、的两种思潮；反科学思潮认为，现代科学的发展非但没有给人类社会带来福音，反而带来了灾难和毁灭；另一种是科技进步思潮，他们认为人类面临的环境污染、生态失衡、资源枯竭等危机是科学发展过程中自然而然遇到的问题，这些问题进一步解决的出路恰恰在于继续大力发展科技。上述两种观点都有一定的合理性，也都有各执一端的片面性，如果从时代的高度和辩证的观点看待当代科技的发展时，我们就可以发现，当代科学技术所面临的问题并不是去如何认识现代科技进步，而是从时代的需要出发，设法找到未来科技进一步发展的理论根据所在。【答案】At present, there are two opposite trends of though

63、t to the development of science and technology. Anti-science holds the view that the development of modern science has not brought the gospel to the human society, but brought disaster and destruction. The other is the trend of scientific and technological progress, whose view is that environmental problems such as pollution, ecological imbalance and resource exhaustion occur naturally in the process of scientific development. It is by vigorously developing science and technology that these problems ca