2022年考博英语-同济大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第62期

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1、2022年考博英语-同济大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Behaviors that we do not understand often become nearly invisibleeven when, in retrospect ,we see how truly strange they are.When I was a psychiatric resident, we had a faculty member who was famous for his messy office: stacks of papers and old journals cove

2、red every chair and table as well as much of the floor. One day, as I walked past the open office door with one of my supervisors, he murmured mildly, “Odd duck.” And that was as far as anyone seemed to reflect on this peculiar state of affairs within an institution staffed by psychiatrists. Eventua

3、lly, the faculty member had to be given another office in which to see patients.Not surprisingly, the psychiatric diagnostic manual does not list “messy room” in the index. But it does mention a tantalizing symptom: inability “to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentiment

4、al value,” It comes under the diagnosis obsessive-compulsive personality disorder，an obscure cousin of the more famous obsessive-compulsive disorder.I was barely aware of the diagnosis. Every era has mental disorders that for cultural or scientific reasons become popular. In Freuds day it was hyster

5、ia. Currently, depression has moved to center stage. But other ailments go relatively ignored, and this disorder was one.It came with a list of additional symptoms that appeared to be peculiar; anxiety about spending money, excessive devotion to work to the exclusion of leisure activities, rigidity

6、about following rules, perfectionism in doing tasksat times to the point of interfering with finishing them.In moderation, the symptoms seemed to fit right in with our workaholic cultureperhaps explaining the low profile of the diagnosis. Relentless work orientation and perfectionism may even be ass

7、ets in rule-and detail-oriented professions like accounting or law.But when the symptoms are too intense or pervasive, they become crippling. Beneath the seemingly adaptive behaviors lies a central disability. People with this diagnosis have enormous difficulty making decisions. They lack the intern

8、al sense of completion that most of us experience at the end of a choice or a task, eyen one as simple as throwing something out or making a purchase. In obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, this feeling occurs only after endless deliberation and revision, if at all.The need to come up with th

9、e “correct” answer, the best purchase or the perfect proposal leads to excess rumination over each decision. It can even lead to complete paralysis. For such people, rules of all kinds are a godsendthey represent pre-made decisions. Open-ended assignments, like writing papers, are nightmares.For suc

10、h a patient or for a psychiatrist，understanding a cluster of diagnostic symptoms can be a revelation. The picture leaps out from the previously disorganized background. But undoubtedly, at times we can become too reductionistic, seeing patterns where none exist: sometimes a messy room is just a mess

11、y room.1.Which of the following best describes peoples attitude towards the faculty member?2.The popular mental disorder of current time, according to the author, is _.3.The reason why symptoms of the “obsessive-compulsive disorder” go unnoticed is that _.4.Rules are godsend to persons with the obse

12、ssive-compulsive personality disorder because _.5.From the last paragraph we can see that the authors view is that _.问题1选项A.They disliked him, and thats why he got his separate room to see patients.B.They thought he is a little strange, but didnt pay much attention to his behavior.C.They were intere

13、sted in his behavior, as they were all psychiatrists.D.They thought he had some mental retardness.问题2选项A.hysteriaB.depressionC.messinessD.obsessive-compulsive disorder问题3选项A.they are highly thought of in according to lawB.some of the mild symptoms fit in with a workaholic cultureC.they have a low pr

14、ofileD.they take a long time to become intense or pervasive问题4选项A.they do not involve decision makingB.they are open-ended assignmentsC.they lead to complete paralysisD.they are made by other问题5选项A.a messy room is just a messy roomB.a messy room is an indication of the obsessive-compulsive personali

15、ty disorderC.psychiatrists should pay attention to a messy roomD.psychiatrists should see patterns of seemingly disorganized behaviors, but shouldnt be too reductionistic【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段， “Behaviors that we do not understand often become nearly invisibleeven when, in

16、retrospect ,we see how truly strange they are.”，可知，即使回过头来看一些行为的确非常奇怪，但是对于那些我们不能理解的行为，我们经常会保持忽视的态度。紧接着第二段用一位同事的例子来说明这个观点，选项B符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段第四句，“Currently, depression has moved to center stage.”，可知目前，抑郁症已经成为人们关注的焦点。选项B符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句，“the symptoms seemed to fit right in with our workaho

17、lic cultureperhaps explaining the low profile of the diagnosis. Relentless work orientation and perfectionism”，因为强迫症人格障碍的症状刚好符合工作狂的文化精神，不懈努力的工作定位和完美主义在工作中甚至会成为优点，因此强迫症在诊断过程中经常被忽视。选项B符合题意。 4.推断题。根据文章第七段，“People with this diagnosis have enormous difficulty making decisions.”，可知患有强迫症的人在做决定方面有巨大的困难。根据文章

18、第八段，“For such people, rules of all kinds are a godsendthey represent pre-made decisions.”，可知对于这些人来说，规则是最大的恩赐，因为代表着预先做好的决定。所以可推断，规则的制定使他们不用自己作决定。选项A符合题意。 5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“For such a patient or for a psychiatrist，understanding a cluster of diagnostic symptoms can be a revelation.”，可知对于这方面的病人或者精神病医生，理

19、解诊断症状是有必要的。“But undoubtedly, at times we can become too reductionistic, seeing patterns where none exist: sometimes a messy room is just a messy room.”，可知有时我们可以把事情看得更简单一些，有些情形并没有什么，有时凌乱的房间仅仅是凌乱而已。所以可推断出，作者认为医生必须要理解一些诊断性的症状，能看到一些杂乱无章的行为并且熟悉病症，以便于给病人看病，但是有时候凌乱确实只是一种简单的现象，并不是病症，医生也不能多虑。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Af

20、ter the disaster of flood，people all over the village made _ effort to rebuild their home.问题1选项A.superfluousB.tenuousC.strenuousD.fatuous【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。superfluous “多余的，不必要的”；tenuous “无关紧要的”；strenuous “费力的，紧张的”；fatuous “愚笨的，昏庸的”。句意：洪灾过后，全村的人们都努力重建家园。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题We have to _ the routine expenditu

21、re，otherwise it will be impossible for us to afford a car.问题1选项A.declineB.condenseC.curtailD.dwindle【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。decline “下降，衰落”；condense “使浓缩”；curtail“缩减，剪短”；dwindle“使缩小，减小”。句意：我们必须缩减日常开支，否则我们不可能买得起一辆车。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题The 100 Aker Wood may look like a dark, forbidding place these days for Michael

22、D. Eisner. Thats where Winnie the Pooh，Piglet，and Eeyore live, and the cartoon characterswhich represent at least $ 1 billion a year in revenues for Eisners Walt Disney Co. are in full revolt. A 12-years-old lawsuit, sealed in a Los Angeles court until January, has come to light, and a series of cou

23、rt rulings threaten the media giant with hundreds of millions in overdue license payments and possibly the loss of one of its most lucrative properties.How large a hit Disney will take is still in dispute. Disney is appealing two rulings, including one alleging that company executives knowingly dest

24、royed important papers related to its licensing deals. The Pooh affair may seem minor at a time when Eisner is under attack for Disneys chronically weak stock price and ABCs anemic ratings, but the Disney chairman hardly needs more jostling from a Silly Old Bear. Whats more, the impact could be sign

25、ificant. After acknowledging to the Securities Exchange Commission on Aug. 9 that “damages could total as much as several hundred million dollars” or the loss of the licensing agreement, Disney was hit with new shareholder lawsuits.Disney wants to keep its grip on that bear and his honey jar. Pooh i

26、s Disneys single largest property, says Martin Brockstein executive editor of The Licensing Letter. That adds up to about $ 100 million in operating earnings from royalties on Pooh T-shirts, backpacks, and other merchandise? Figures Gerard Klauer Matheson & Co. analyst Jeffrey Logsdon. Last year, Di

27、sney paid $ 352 million to one pair of heirs of Winnie-the-Pooh author A. A. Milne. But the family of Stephen A. Slesinger, a New York literary agent who bought the U. S. rights in 1930，says Disney owes them $ 200 million on licenses for T-shirts and other merchandise and has cut them entirely out o

28、f the lucrative videocassette and DVD arena. Headed by Shirley Slesinger Lasswell, an 80-year-old widow who travels with a Winnie-the-Pooh bear everywhere, the family contends it is owed close to $ 1 billion, say its lawyers. Disney, which says it pays the Slesingers $ 12 million a year, insists the

29、 $ 1 billion figure is a publicity stunt. “The 1930 contract says they get royalties on merchandise alone, not all exploitation,” says Disney attorney Daniel J. Petrocelli.The Slesingers also charge that Disney lost documents related to merchandise sales and destroyed others that extended the accord

30、 to DVDs and videotapes. On June 18，Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Ernest M. Hiroshige rejected the audit by a forensic accountant he thought unduly favored Disney and found that Disney “misused the discovery process” by hiding the fact that it destroyed documents that might have expanded the lice

31、nsing agreement to tapes and DVDs.Absent those documentswhich include the papers of the late Disney Consumer Products chief Vincent Jefferdsthe case may hinge on the “mommy memo.” That memo, written in 1983 by Slesinger daughter Patricia to her mother, Shirley, describes a meeting with Jefferds at t

32、he Beverly Hills Hotel at which Jefferds allegedly told Patricia “that videos and all these new things were covered and to shut up about it,” according to court documents. Because Disney destroyed Jefferds letters, Judge Hiroshige ruled that Disney is barred from “introducing evidence disputing” the

33、 familys contention that they were entitled to royalties on videocassettes. Disney is appealing the ruling.Settlement seems unlikely among the parties. One obstacle: the still-simmering animosity toward Slesinger lawyer Bertram Fields, who won a $ 250 million settlement for former Disney studio chie

34、f Jeffrey Katzenberg in a hyper-charged 1999 case. This time, the character may be soft and fuzzy, but the payout could be bigger. For Eisner, Pooh is becoming one Very Big Bother.1.The expression “in full revolt” in the sentence “Thats where Winnie the Pooh, Piglet, and Eeyore live, and the cartoon

35、 characters., are in full revolt. ” (Para. 1) implies that _.2.The word “anemic” in the expression “Eisner is under attack for., ABCs anemic ratings” (Para. 2) can be paraphrased as _.3.The sentence “Disney wants to keep its grip on that bear and his honey jar. (Para. 3) can best be explained as whi

36、ch of the following?4.Why does the author say that Disneys case may “hinge on the mommy memo ”？5.Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?问题1选项A.the cartoon characters are no longer popularB.Disney is seriously involved in lawsuitsC.they show the sign of defeat of Disney in lawsui

37、tsD.the cartoon characters no longer play positive roles问题2选项A.flexibleB.changingC.steadyD.declining问题3选项A.Disney wants to take back the bear so as to make more honey.B.Disney wants to take control of its cartoon characters.C.Disney wants to keep the most profitable property Winnie the Pooh.D.Disney

38、 wants to win the 12-year-old lawsuit.问题4选项A.Because Disney has been barred from introducing further evidence.B.Because the documents related to Disneys merchandise sales cannot be found.C.Because this might be the only document revealing Disneys original attitude.D.Because Slesinger daughter faithf

39、ully recorded Jefferds words.问题5选项A.Disney has introduced convincing evidence to defend itself.B.Disney has destroyed some important papers on purpose.C.Disney has lost in the 1999 case with Jeffrey Katzenberg.D.The stock price of Disney has been going down for a period of time.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4

40、题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句，“A 12-years-old lawsuitand a series of court rulings threaten the media giant with hundreds of millions in overdue license payments and possibly the loss of one of its most lucrative properties.”，可知迪斯尼公司卷入了诉讼案件，将遭受巨大的损失，所以致使那里的维尼熊、小猪皮杰等卡通人物全力反抗。选项B符合题意。 2.词义题。根据文章第二段第三

41、句，“when Eisner is under attack for Disneys chronically weak stock price and ABCs anemic ratings”，可知艾斯纳受到了两方面的打击，一方面是迪斯尼较低的股价，另一方面是ABC较低的评级，所以anemic的意思应该为低迷的、下降的。选项D符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Pooh is Disneys single largest property”，可知小熊维尼是迪斯尼最大的财产，下文接着提到了小熊维尼的商权版税带来的巨大收益，所以迪斯尼想保留最赚钱的财产-小熊维尼。选项C符合题意。 4.细

42、节理解题。根据文章第五段，“That memo, written in 1983 by Slesinger daughter Patricia to her mother, Shirley, describes a meeting with Jefferds at the Beverly Hills Hotel”，可知备忘录是斯莱辛格女儿帕特里夏于1983年写给她的妈妈雪莉的，里面记叙了在贝佛利山酒店与杰拉德的一次会面，杰拉德是迪斯尼产品的消费主管，所以在其他文件都已经销毁的情况下，妈咪备忘录可能是揭示迪斯尼最初态度的文件。选项C符合题意。 5.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“company e

43、xecutives knowingly destroyed important papers related to its licensing deals.”，可知迪斯尼高管销毁了与授权交易相关的重要文件，选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，“Eisner is under attack for Disneys chronically weak stock price”，可知艾斯纳受到迪尼斯股价长期下行的打击。选项D可排除。根据文章最后一段， “One obstacle: the still-simmering animosity toward Slesinger lawyer Bertram Fi

44、elds, who won a $ 250 million settlement for former Disney studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg in a hyper-charged 1999 case.”，可知1999年，斯林格律师伯特伦菲尔兹为迪士尼公司前首席执行官杰弗里卡森伯格赢得了2.5亿美元的和解金。可推测障碍之一就是迪斯尼诉讼的失败。选项C可排除。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题This method _ my headache. It really takes effect.问题1选项A.soothesB.sobersC.soarsD.soaks【

45、答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。soothes“安慰，缓和”；sobers “使严肃，使清醒”；soars“上升，高耸”；soaks“浸泡，渗透”。句意：这种方法减轻了我的头痛，真的起了作用。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Forty years ago no one was concerned about the health of the ocean, in spite of the fact that many fisheries were being over-harvested, toxic wastes were being dumped in the sea, and develope

46、rs were beginning to seriously disrupt coastlines. In those days，the magnitude of the problems was small, even though it was obvious that if the trends continued people would face severe economic and personal hardship in the future. People just didnt understand, nor did they care. Unfortunately many

47、 of our concerns were realized, but the situation could have been much worse, had we, and others，not taken action to inform people about the ocean and the need to protect it.During our campaign to share the wonders of the sea and alert the public about the need to protect it, we have used every medi

48、um availablepersonal appearances, the printed word, and television. Now there is a new medium that is even more effective than its predecessors. Thanks to the Internet and computers, people can not only receive linear stories, but they can actually participate in them，exploring and learning at their

49、 own pace and as their curiosity dictates. I am tremendously impressed with the personalization of what had been labeled by skeptics as the most impersonal medium yet developed.For these reasons I have made a major commitment of time and resources to dive into this sea of electronic marvels. Im swim

50、ming hard to keep up, but when I look around I find Im not alone. We are all learning together and it is an adventure I am finding immensely rewarding. I have been encouraged by our first modest dunking in this new world: We recently completed a CD-ROM, Jean-Michel Cousteaus World: Cities Under the

51、Sea-Coral Reefs. A couple of months ago I was in Fiji to celebrate the 1997 International Year of the Reef and presented our Cities under the Sea CD-ROM to a group of children. I was impressed to see how quickly they grasped our concepts and how they directed their own learning process，thanks to the

52、 flexibility of the medium. It was particularly exciting to see kids squeal with delight as they responded to questions and the computer rewarded them when they got the correct answers.I want young people to experience the mystery and wonder of our oceans. I want them to understand how precious and

53、vulnerable our environment is. Young people need to be taught to take responsibility for ensuring that their heritage will be protected and used wisely. Hopefully the next generation will do a better job than mine has. I believe individuals must be personally involved and I am counting on the Intern

54、et to be the medium through which people can experience, learn, and take action I am counting on young people with their idealism and energy to create a better futureit is too important to be left to bureaucrats and politicians.1.Forty years ago people were indifferent to the health of the ocean bec

55、ause_.2.The last sentence of the 2nd paragraph tells us that the writer believes that _.3.The writer went to Fiji to_.4.The writers attitude to the prospect of the ocean is_.5.According to the passage, who shall we fall back on for a better future for the environment?问题1选项A.the ocean was immune to a

56、ny pollution thenB.they didnt know what would come of if the ocean was deadly disruptedC.there was no computer thenD.there wasnt any problem with the ocean at that time问题2选项A.the computer is as smart as human beingsB.the computer is friendly with human beingsC.human beings can interact with the comp

57、uter and do what they want at their willD.human beings have not used the computer to its fullest advantage问题3选项A.participate in a celebrationB.teach children there how to use the computerC.make an adventure in the seaD.spend the holiday on the seashore问题4选项A.desperateB.unconcernedC.optimisticD.pragm

58、atic问题5选项A.Our predecessors.B.Politicians.C.Computers.D.Young people.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第三句，“if the trends continued people would face severe economic and personal hardship in the future. People just didnt understand, nor did they care”，说明关于海洋问题在将来给人们带来的经济和健康问题，人们还不在乎也

59、不理解，所以不知道海洋问题带来的后果。选项B符合题意。 2.推断题。根据第二段最后一句话，可知作者对怀疑主义者认为的人性化印象深刻。根据前一句，“Thanks to the Internet and computers, people can not only receive linear stories, but they can actually participate in them，exploring and learning at their own pace and as their curiosity dictates.”，多亏了网络和电脑，人们不仅可以获取更多的信息，而且可以根

60、据自己的进度和爱好阅读信息，并进行探索和研究。所以，作者认为人们可以任意地和计算机互动。选项C符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段， “A couple of months ago I was in Fiji to celebrate the 1997 International Year of the Reef and presented our Cities under the Sea CD-ROM to a group of children.”，可知作者是去参加1997年珊瑚礁国际年会，并用光盘向儿童展示“海底城市”。选项A符合题意。 4.作者态度题。根据文章第四段，“I am

61、counting on the Internet to be the medium through which people can experience, learn, and take action I am counting on young people with their idealism and energy to create a better future”，作者希望通过网络这个媒介，人们能够体验、学习并采取行动，并且相信，青年一代将用他们的理想和能量去创造一个更美好的未来。所以作者对前景是保持乐观积极的。选项C符合题意。5.推断题。根据文章最后一句，“I am counti

62、ng on young people with their idealism and energy to create a better future”，可知作者指望年青一代创造一个美好的未来，所以是依靠青年人。选项D符合题意。 7. 单选题In his 1976 study of slavery in the United States, Herbert Gutman, like Fogel，Engerman, and Genovese, has rightly stressed the slaves，achievements. But unlike these historians, Gu

63、tman gives plantation owners little credit for these achievements. Rather, Gutman argues that one must look to the Black family and the slaves extended kinship system to understand how crucial achievements, such as the maintenance of a cultural heritage and the development of a communal consciousness, were possible. His findings compel attention.Gutman recreates the family and extended kinship structure mainly through an ingenious use of what any historian should draw u