2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第95期

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul the qualit

2、y of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to

3、write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the worl

4、d, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weakness: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies o

5、ften reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.Biographers may claim that their ac

6、count is the authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject: this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mi

7、nd in the biographer. In book promotions, the unauthorized characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell the” sto

8、ry of life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.1.According to the author , an ideal biographer would be one who（ ）.2.The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that（ ）.3.Which of the following statements is true, according

9、to the passage?4.An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because（ ）.5.In this passage, the author focuses on（ ）.问题1选项A.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subjectB.is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writingC.is independen

10、t and treats the subject with fairness and objectivityD.knows the subjects very well and yet maintains a proper distance from him问题2选项A.biographies can serve different purposesB.biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects livesC.the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figuresD.t

11、he best biographies are meant to transform their readers问题3选项A.An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.B.An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.C.Authorized biographies have a wider readership.D.No one can write a perfect biography.问题4选项A.it portrays the subject both fa

12、ithfully and vividlyB.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersC.it contains interesting information about the subjects private lifeD.it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subjects character问题5选项A.the secret of a biographer to win more readersB.the difficulty of a biograp

13、her in finding the proper perspective to do his jobC.the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biographyD.the characteristic of different kinds of biographies.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据第二段的最后一句“to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of

14、the subject, and select a position accordingly.”要想成功，作家必须意识到这些，并根据主题对它们进行评估，选好相应的位置。选项D符合原文。2.根据第三段的第一句“When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive.”当他们的主人公是英雄或著名人物时，传记往往透露出一种民主动机。这与第二段的最后一句相呼应。所以选项A符合原文。3.根据最后一段的最后一句“We sense intuitively that no on

15、e is in a position to tellthe story of life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.”没有人能够讲述“生命的故事，甚至可能连主题都没有，传记的历史已经证明了这一点。所以选项D正确。4.根据第四段的第三句“Unauthorized biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the

16、biographer.”未经授权的传记也有其吸引力，因为它们能表明传记作者思想的独立性。选项C符合句意。5.这篇文章主要是描述传记作者很难找到合适的视角来完成他的工作。选项B更符合主题2. 单选题Many societies today interpret the natural world and form beliefs based on science and logic. Societies which many people do not practice any religion , such as the United States, may be known as ( ) so

17、cieties.问题1选项A.vulgarB.secularC.particularD.unique【答案】B【解析】句意：当今许多社会都在诠释自然世界，并在科学和逻辑的基础上形成信仰。许多人不信仰任何宗教的社会，比如美国，可称为世俗社会。vulgar粗俗的，通俗的；secular世俗的。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题The brave fireman had fought for days before they managed to（ ）the forest fire.问题1选项A.put onB.put up withC.put offD.put out【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。pu

18、t on穿上，上演；put up with忍受，容忍；put off推迟，扔掉，阻 止；put out熄灭，伸出。句意：勇敢的消防队员们奋战了好几天才把森林大火扑灭。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题Before the ( ) of hospitals, the family or communal sauna (桑拿)was favored by Finished women for giving birth. Today, saunas are found in health clubs and gymnasiums around the world.问题1选项A.adventB.advent

19、ureC.advertD.advance【答案】A【解析】句意：在医院出现之前，产房妇女青睐于家庭或公共桑拿。今天，桑拿在世界各地的健身俱乐部和健身房随处可见。advent到来，出现；adventure冒险； advert谈到；advance发展，前进。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题The purpose of the official inquiry is to（ ）the true facts leading to the loss of the ship at sea.问题1选项A.come atB.come forC.come intoD.come over【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析

20、。come at达到，得到；come for向冲来；come into进入；come over过来。句意：官方调查的目的是查明导致船舶在海上失踪的真实情况。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题The two friends sat in a corner and（ ）away to each other about the weather.问题1选项A.talkedB.chattedC.mutteredD.whispered【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。mutter咕哝，喃喃自语；whisper低声说；chat away意为闲谈，其他选项均不能和away搭配使用。7. 单选题Rejecting the

21、urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose to（ ） on math and theoretical physics.问题1选项A.imposeB.centerC.overtookD.concentrate【答案】D【解析】impose on利用，欺骗；center on集中，以为中心；overtook赶上，代替，不与on搭配；concentrate on专注于。句意：霍金拒绝了他的医生父亲学习医学的要求，选择专注于数学和理论物理。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题In calculating the daily

22、calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity and age should be （ ） .问题1选项A.brought into practiceB.taken into accountC.thrown light onD.looked down upon【答案】B【解析】bring into practice实行；take into account考虑；throw light on照亮，阐明，使显得清楚；look down upon看不起。句意：在计算个人每日所需热量时，

23、应考虑到体型、体力活动和年龄的变化。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题Like most foreigners, I ask a lot of questions, some of which are insultingly silly. But everyone I（ ）has answered those questions with patience and honesty.问题1选项A.come acrossB.come byC.come overD.come into【答案】A【解析】come across偶遇，无意中发现；come by得到，从旁边走过；come over过来，顺便来访；

24、come into进入，得到。句意：和大多数外国人一样，我也会问很多问题，其中有些问题特别愚蠢。但我遇到的每个人都耐心且诚实的回答了这些问题。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题President Bush came to his parents century-old summer home on the Maine coast for a little relaxation, a distant cousins wedding and some family time. However, several hundred anti-war demonstrators ( ) on his visi

25、t.问题1选项A.intrudedB.invadedC.intwinedD.inturned【答案】A【解析】intrude on打扰，侵扰；invade侵略，侵犯； intwine盘绕，缠绕；inturned内弯的。句意：布什总统来到他父母位于缅因州海岸的百年避暑别墅，来放松一下，参加一个远房表亲的婚礼，并与家人共度时光。然而，数百名反战示威者侵扰了他的观光。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题Architects are hopeless when it comes to deciding whether the public will view their designs as marvels

26、 or monstrosities, according to a study by Canadian psychologists. They say designers should go back to school to learn about ordinary peoples tastes.Many buildings that appeal to architects get the thumbs down from the public. Robert Gifford of the University of Victoria in British Columbia decided

27、 to find out whether architects understand public preferences and simply disagree with them, or fail to understand the lay persons view.With his colleague Graham Brown, he asked 25 experienced architects to look at photos of 42 large building in the US, Canada, Europe and Hong Kong. The architects p

28、redicted how the public would rate the building on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 represented “terrible” and 10 “excellent”. A further 27 people who were not architects also scored the buildings out of 10. In addition, eight architects gave their own personal ratings of the buildings.The three groups t

29、ended to agree among themselves on a buildings merits. And architects correctly predicted that lay people would on average rate buildings higher than they did themselves. But for individual buildings, the architects perceptions of what the lay people would think were often way off the mark. “Some ar

30、chitects are quite good at predicting lay preferences, but others are not only poor at it, they get it backwards.” Says Gifford.For instance, architects gave the Stockley Park Building B-3 offices in London a moderate rating of 5.2. They thought the public would like it much better, predicting a rat

31、ing of 6.3. But the public actually disliked the offices, and gave it 4.7. Gifford thinks that lay people respond to specific features of buildings, such as durability and originality, and hopes to pin down what they are.“Architects in architecture school need to be taught how lay people think about

32、 buildings,” Gifford concludes. He doesnt think designers should pander to the lowest common denominator, but suggests they should aspire towards buildings that appeal to the public and architects alike, such as the Bank of China building in Hong Kong.Marco Goldschmidt of the Richard Rogers Partners

33、hip, designers of the Millennium Dome in London, thinks the study is flawed. “The authors have assumed, wrongly, that buildings can be meaningfully judged from photographs rather than actual visits,” he says. Goldschmidt think it would be more significant and interesting to look at the divergence of

34、 public taste between generations.1.What dose the first paragraph of this passage imply?2.Through his study, Robert Gifford found that（ ）.3.From the passage we can learn that the Bank of China building in Hong Kong（ ）.4.Marco Goldschmidt thinks that Giffords study is flawed because（ ）.5.What dose th

35、e passage mainly deal with?问题1选项A.Architects have a dark future in designing marvelous buildings.B.Architects dont care about how ordinary people view their designs.C.It is very difficult for architects to please the general public.D.Architects dont know much about the public tastes for buildings.问题

36、2选项A.the three groups had similar responses to the photos of 42 large buildingsB.the architects generally rated buildings lower than lay peopleC.the architects predicted precisely the preferences of lay peopleD.no architect could predict the public tastes towards buildings accurately问题3选项A.panders t

37、o the lowest common denominatorB.gets a low rate from the architectsC.appeals to the public as well as the architectsD.gives the architects a lot of aspiration问题4选项A.it uses photos instead of actual visitsB.it ignores the public tastes between generations.C.it lacks the necessary significance and in

38、terestsD.it doesnt take into account the differences within the public问题5选项A.How to design attractive buildings.B.Architects need to understand public tastes.C.How lay people view buildings.D.Different tastes between architects and the public.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的最后一句“They say de

39、signers should go back to school to learn about ordinary peoples tastes.”公众认为设计师应该回到学校去了解普通人的品味，由此说明，设计师很难取悦大众。选项C符合原文。2.根据第四段的第一句“The three groups tended to agree among themselves on a buildings merits.”可知选项A正确；根据第四段的第三句“But for individual buildings, the architects perceptions of what the lay peopl

40、e would think were often way off the mark. ”可知选项B和C错误；根据第四段的最后一句“Some architects are quite good at predicting lay preferences, but others are not only poor at it, they get it backwards.”可知选项D错误。3.根据关键词“Bank of China building in Hong Kong”定位到倒数第二段，Gifford认为建筑学校的建筑师需要学习外行人如何看待建筑。他不认为设计师应该迎合最低标准，但建议他们应

41、该追求吸引公众和建筑师的建筑，比如香港的中国银行大厦。选项D符合原文。4.根据最后一段的最后一句“Goldschmidt think it would be more significant and interesting to look at the divergence of public taste between generations.”选项B符合原文。5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲建筑师和公众对建筑不同的看法。选项D正确。12. 单选题A survey earlier this year found that about 50 percent of South Africans

42、 think that “most” or “almost all” governmental officials are involved in（ ）.问题1选项A.robberyB.violationC.corruptionD.stealing【答案】C【解析】robbery抢劫，盗窃；violation侵害； corruption贪污，腐败；stealing偷窃。句意：今年早些时候的一项调查发现，大约50%的南非人认为“大多数”或“几乎所有”政府官员都与腐败 有关。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题Topics of conversation should be（ ）to the exper

43、iences and interests of the students.问题1选项A.rigidB.rigorousC.relevantD.remarkable【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。rigid严格的，死板的；rigorous严格的，严酷的；relevant相关的，常与介词to搭配，意为与相关；remarkable卓越的，非凡的。只有relevant能与句中的to搭配。句意：对话的主题应该与学生的经历和兴趣相关。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题She has decided to（ ） some money every month to help three peasant girls i

44、n poverty-stricken areas.问题1选项A.lay downB.lay sideC.set upD.stand up to【答案】B【解析】lay down放下，制定，铺设，主张；lay side搁置，储蓄，留存；set up建立；stand up to经得起，抵抗。句意：她决定每个月存点钱帮助三个贫困地区的农村女孩。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must phy

45、siologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called “ classical conditioning”. This occurs when one

46、event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment; it is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in

47、a similar fashion.The second kind of learning is called “operant conditioning”. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddl

48、es him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some pe

49、ople, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mea

50、n to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.1.The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to（ ）.2.If your jokes often find already echo in a person, you will

51、 learn though（ ）that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.3.If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a t

52、ypical example of learning through（ ）.4.In the third paragraph, the author is（ ）.5.In the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss（ ）.问题1选项A.teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotionB.give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of lear

53、ningC.give parents some advice on how to modify their childrens emotions through learningD.discuss with psychologist how positive and negative feelings are produced问题2选项A.classical conditioningB.operant conditioningC.neither of themD.some other sorts of conditioning问题3选项A.classical conditioningB.ope

54、rant conditioningC.both of themD.neither of them问题4选项A.discussing how we grow and have new experiences every dayB.talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioningC.concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so onD.using examples to f

55、urther illustrate learning through classical conditioning问题5选项A.definitions of positive feelings and negative feelingsB.the third kind of learningC.further examples of learning through operant conditioningD.none of the above【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是介绍两种基本的学习方法，即“经典性条件反射

56、”和“操作性条件反射”。所以本题选B。2.信息推断题。根据第二段对操作性条件反射的定义：一个人学着做某事并且得到了回报，学着不去做某事就会得到惩罚。再看题干：给这个人讲笑话很有趣，因为他产生了共鸣，所以你会在他面前努力地表现得更加幽默。产生的共鸣就是你得到的回报，符合操作性条件反射的定义，所以本题选B。3.信息推理题。根据第一段对经典性条件反射的定义：事情或者刺激物比如奖励和惩罚接二连三的到来。再看题干：如果一个孩子被一只狗咬或者吓了几次，他可能学会把毛茸茸的动物与疼痛或惊吓联系在一起，从而对毛茸茸的动物产生恐惧。这符合经典性条件反射的定义，选项A正确。4.信息推理题。根据第三段的一二句可知，

57、本段是举例进一步说明经典性条件反射，选项D正确。5.信息推断题。文章第一段和第二段分别定义了两种学习模式“经典性条件反射”和“操作性条件反射”。第三段是举例进一步说明经典性条件反射，由此可以推断下一段将举例进一步说明操作性条件反射。所以本题选C。16. 单选题We are（ ）to the idea, but we doubt whether the time is ripe to put it into force.问题1选项A.equalB.adequateC.considerateD.sympathetic【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。be equal to等于，相当于；be ade

58、quate to胜任，适合 ；be considerate to对体贴；be sympathetic to赞成。句意：我们赞同这一想法，但我们怀疑实施这一想法的时机是否成熟。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first （1 ）, they were like newborn children, unable to use this

59、 （2 ）tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kinds future （3 ） and cultural growth increased.Many linguists believe that evolution is （4 ） for our ability to produce and use language. They（5 ） that our highly evolved brain provides us with a(n) （6 ） language ability not found

60、in lower organisms. Supporters of this innateness theory say that our （7 ） for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, as a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical （8 ） times for language development.Current （9 ）of innateness theory

61、 are mixed; however, evidence（10 ） the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. Indeed, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in （11 ） grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being （12 ） to them, while adults have a much （13 ） time

62、learning another language once the rules of their first language have become firmly fixed.（14 ） some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been（15 ） from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that （16 ） with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language（17 ） than any innate capaci