2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试名师点拨押题密卷39（含答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试名师点拨押题密卷39（含答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试名师点拨押题密卷39（含答案详解）（25页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题The psychologist cited several instances of insubordinate behavior.问题1选项A.neglectedB.worriedC.mentionedD.reduced【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：心理学家几个不服从行为的例子。cite指的是引用，列举。A选项neglect“忽略，忽视”；B选项worry“担心”；C选项mention“提及，谈到”；D选项reduce“减少，缩小”。选项C代入后最符合语境。2. 单选题The poverty lin

2、e is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line doe

3、s, too. Therefore, even with todays relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do no

4、t have jobs.For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are old. Many companies do not hire peop

5、le over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job.Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Ma

6、ny poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways.First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more worke

7、rs. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line.Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, th

8、e poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.Finally, if the government distributes societys income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to t

9、he poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.1. The authors main purp

10、ose to write this article is（ ）.2. Which of the following is NOT true?3. More than 40 percent of the poor people are children. This is mainly because（ ）.4. Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because（ ）.5. We may concluded from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.to define (下定义)

11、 what the poverty line isB.to explain why some people live the poverty lineC.to find solutions to the problem of povertyD.to show sympathy for those poor people问题2选项A.Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.B.Poor people are those who live below the poverty line.C.The poverty line rises as the

12、 general standard of living rises.D.The poverty line tends to be at the same level.问题3选项A.they do not have enough motivationB.they are so young that they dont have the right to workC.they fail to get enough educationD.they are very poor in health问题4选项A.they do not have any motivation to workB.they a

13、re not very self-confidentC.they are too young or too old to workD.they have physical and family problems问题5选项A.better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet foundB.welfare will enable them to be richC.poor people are sure to go out of the poverty line if they have chances to do businessD.empl

14、oyment is the best solution to the poverty problem【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.作者意图题。原文首段最后一句和尾段的首句均有提及“经济学家们正在寻找更好的解决贫困问题的办法”，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了寻找解决贫困问题的方法。选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的一、二句“As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with tod

15、ays relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. 随着这个国家的总体生活水平提高，贫困线也在提高。因此，即使在今天生活水平相对较高的情况下，仍有大约10%的美国人生活在贫困线以下。”可知，选项A和选项C符合原文；再根据第一段的第二句“People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. 收入低于贫困线的人被认为是穷人。”可知，选项B符

16、合原文；只有选项D在文中没有信息提及。3.细节事实题。原文第三段的前半部分提及“一方面，美国一半以上的穷人没有资格工作。40%以上的穷人是儿童。根据法律规定，不满16岁的儿童在许多行业都不能工作。”由此可知，最主要的原因是这些儿童太小，没有工作的权利，选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容可知，美国大部分的穷人都没有工作，是因为这些人不是老人就是小孩，没有工作的能力，所以选项C符合题意。5.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容“Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However

17、, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living. 一些经济学家正在寻找更好的解决贫困问题的办法。然而，目前许多人依靠福利来维持最低限度的可接受的生活水平。”由此可知，贫困问题并没有找到更好的解决办法，所以选项A正确。3. 单选题My cat is a fussy eater, but my dog is so（ ）that shell swallow down anything that is put in front of her.问题1选项A

18、.indiscriminateB.choosyC.indefiniteD.picky【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indiscriminate“不加选择的”；B选项choosy“好挑剔的”；C选项indefinite“不确定的，无限的”；D选项picky“挑剔的”。句意：我的猫很挑食，但我的狗却不加选择地吃任何摆在她面前的东西。根据句意可知，填空处应填入一个和fussy（爱挑剔的）意思相反的单词，所以选项A符合语境。4. 单选题The cultural department is trying to help these performing enterprises out of t

19、he（ ）by various means.问题1选项A.delightB.twilightC.flightD.plight【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项delight“高兴”；B选项twilight“衰退期”；C选项flight“飞行”；D选项plight“困境”。句意“文化部门正试图通过各种方式帮助这些演艺企业走出困境。”选项D符合语境。5. 单选题In order to（ ）a good knowledge of English, he gave up his job and went to study in an English school.问题1选项A.requireB.i

20、nquireC.acquireD.address【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项require“需要，要求”；B选项inquire“询问”；C选项acquire“获得”；D选项address“演说，致辞”。句意：为了获得英语知识，他放弃了工作，到一所英语学校学习。选项C符合语境。6. 单选题I know youve got a smooth tongue, so dont talk me（ ）buying it.问题1选项A.awayB.downC.outD.into【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项talk away“不断的谈”；B选项 talk down“说服，驳倒”；C选项 t

21、alk out“讲出来”；D选项talk into“说服某人做某事”。句意：我知道你很会说话，所以不要劝我买这个。选项D符合语境。7. 单选题After a 37-year advertising career at Young & Rubicam, Peter A. Georgescu is finding time to promote a few causes that areas dear to him.Mr. Georgescu, 66, who once managed well-known campaigns like the “Softer Side of Sears,” re

22、tired as chairman and chief executive of Young & Rubicam in 2000, but he says he is now in “the most wonderful chapter of my life.”It is an apt metaphor because his book, The Source of Success (Jossey-Bass, $27.95) is being published this month. The book aims to explain what Mr. Georgescu views as t

23、he two major challenges facing America: economic competition from the emerging economies of China and India and a need to foster more creativity within American companies.“The only way this nation can compete with those that produce high-quality products at a lower price is by generating ideas that

24、build a special relationship with consumers,” he said. “Everyone has buildings and technology; those are commodities. The only leverage able asset in the future will be creativity.”Any profit from his book will go to a charity called Better Chance, which finds bright children in some of the nations

25、poorest neighborhoods and helps them to attend outstanding high schools, including private prep schools like the Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire.Mr. Georgescu, an Exeter alumnus, received a bachelors degree in political science from Princeton and an M.B.A. from Stanford before starting at Y

26、oung & Rubicam in 1963.He said he counted himself lucky to have gained admission to Exeter in 1954, when he arrived in the United States at the age of 15 from his native Romania after spending seven years in a Communist labor camp.“I had been cleaning sewers, and I spoke little English, but someone

27、gave me a chance,” he said. “I want to do that for other young people who are disadvantaged.”He also volunteers as a board member of the New York Philharmonic. In the business world, he holds the title of chairman emeritus of Young & Rubicam and serves as a director for several companies.He and his

28、wife, Barbara, live in Manhattan and have a son and three granddaughters. He rises at 6 a.m. most days to run five miles, partly along the East River.“Thats how I torture myself,” he said.1.From the first 3 paragraphs we know that Mr. Georgescu is（ ）.2.What are Mr. Georgescu views about the major ch

29、allenges facing America?3.According to Mr. Georgescu, the future of economic competition lies in（ ）.4.We may infer from the context that “Exeter” (Line 1, Para. 6) is the name of（ ）.5.The best title for the passage may be（ ）.问题1选项A.an authorB.an advertiserC.the author of the “Softer Side of Sears”D.

30、chairman and chief executive of Young & Rubicam问题2选项A.China and India.B.Competition and creativity.C.Competition from the emerging economies.D.A need to foster more creativity within American companies.问题3选项A.good ideasB.consumersC.commoditiesD.creativity问题4选项A.a high schoolB.a charityC.a small town

31、D.a refugee shelter问题5选项A.A Managers 37-year Advertising CareerB.The Source of SuccessC.Two Major Challenges Facing AmericaD.A Grateful Student Returns the Favor【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。原文第一段提及，作者曾经是一名广告商，而题干问的是现在的职业，所以选项B错误；“Softer Side of Sears”是一场活动不是书名，选项C错误；选项D同样也是他过去的职位，所以不正确。原

32、文第三段提及，他的新书成功之源即将出版，由此可知，他是一名作者，所以选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“The book aims to explain what Mr. Georgescu views as the two major challenges facing America: economic competition from the emerging economies of China and India and a need to foster more creativity within American companies. 这本书的目的是解释Georges

33、cu所认为的美国面临的两大挑战：来自中国和印度等新兴经济体的经济竞争，以及培养美国公司更多创造力的需要。”简而言之，也就是竞争和创造力。所以选项B正确。3.词义推断题。根据原文第四段的内容，Mr. Georgescu认为美国要想与那些以较低价格生产高质量产品的国家竞争，唯一的办法就是想出与消费者建立特殊关系的点子。大家都有建筑和技术；这些都是商品。未来唯一可以利用的资产将是创造力。由此可知，选项D正确。4.词义推断题。上文提及“更好机会的慈善机构帮助一些贫困社区里聪明的孩子上优秀的高中，包括新罕布什尔的菲利普斯埃克塞特学院等私立预科学校。”由此可知，“Exeter” 指的是高中学校，所以选项A

34、正确。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是围绕着Mr. Georgescu的新书成功之源展开，所以选项B作为标题更恰当。8. 单选题What we need to learn is how to put theory into（ ）when we begin our fieldwork here.问题1选项A.appearanceB.applicationC.accomplishD.achievement【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项appearance“外观，出现，露面”；B选项application“应用，运用”；C选项accomplish“完成，实现，达到”；D选项ach

35、ievement“成就，完成”。句意：当我们开始野外工作时，我们需要学习的是如何将理论应用到实际中去。选项B符合语境。9. 单选题Why are some of us good at math, while others（ ）at art or volleyball.问题1选项A.workB.excelC.aimD.gaze【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项work at“从事于，致力于”；B选项excel at“突出，擅长于”；C选项aim at“目的在于”；D选项gaze at“盯住，凝视”。根据句意可知，填空处填入的词应和at搭配，并且和good at意思相近。句意“为什么有些人擅长

36、数学，而有些人擅长艺术或排球?”选项B符合语境。10. 单选题Leo. Tolstoy was（ ）as the greatest writer of the 20th century.问题1选项A.salutedB.estimatedC.scaledD.measured【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项salute“敬礼，致敬”；B选项estimate“估计，判断”；C选项scale“测量，攀登”；D选项measure“测量，估量”。句意“列夫托尔斯泰被誉为20世纪最伟大的作家。”选项A符合语境。11. 单选题She likes the（ ）flower instead of the n

37、atural one.问题1选项A.articleB.adventureC.ancientD.artificial【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项article“文章”；B选项adventure“冒险”；C选项ancient“古代的”；D选项artificial“人造的，仿造的”。句意：她喜欢人造花而不喜欢天然花。选项D符合语境。12. 单选题Each of them had a different（ ）of what actually happened, but hers was far more believable.问题1选项A.messageB.theoryC.versionD

38、.comment【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项message“消息”；B选项theory“理论，原理”；C选项version“版本，说法”；D选项comment“评论，意见”。句意：每个人对实际发生的事情都有不同的说法，但她的说法更可信。选项C符合语境。13. 单选题In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total（ ）for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.applicableC.advisableD.

39、available【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项applicable“可适用的，合适的”；C选项advisable“明智的”；D选项available“可获得的”。句意：一般来说，学生可用于住房的钱应该占全部生活费的五分之一。available for意为“可用于的”，所以选项D正确。14. 单选题They are bound to fail if they continue at the risk of all these dangers.问题1选项A.are unnecessaryB.are certainC.are simpleD.are

40、 alternative【答案】B【解析】考查词义辨析。根据句意：如果他们继续冒着所有这些危险，他们会失败。这里表示的是肯定的说法，be bound to意为“肯定，必然”。A选项are unnecessary“不必要的”；B选项are certain“必然的，确信的”；C选项are simple“简单的，单纯的”；D选项are alternative“供选择的”。选项B符合语境。15. 单选题You may never experience an earthquake or a volcanic eruption in your life, but you will（ ）changes in

41、 the land.问题1选项A.adaptB.adoptC.witnessD.define【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapt“适应，改编”；B选项adopt“采取，接受”；C选项witness“目击，见证”；D选项define“定义，规定”。句意：在你的生命中你可能从来没有经历过地震或火山爆发，但是你将见证这片土地的变化。选项C符合语境。16. 翻译题An unremarked consequence of our new information ageone that will influence readers, writers, and publishers in the

42、 futureis that bad writing, chat speak, text, millions of message board posts that come from and lead nowhere, are having a cheapening effect on all written content. Editors and news directors today fret about the Internet as their predecessors worried about radio and TV, and all now see the huge th

43、reat the Web represents to the way they distribute their product.The idea that the practice and craft of writing can simply retool itself for the digital age overlooks the fact that the Web is giving rise to totally unique forms of expression, a writing that is different from the kind traditionally

44、found in books.For lovers of literary writing, who are now watching the marketplace and Internet erode the remains of nineteenth-century print culture, these assurances may not be particularly consoling. We have no choice but to accept them. Arguing against the forces of digitalization is as much a

45、losing battle as cursing the coming of the evening tide.But before we invest ourselves too deeply in this future, consider this: If new technologies expose the biases inherent in print and text, so the converse is true as well. Coding skills are highly marketable in the twenty-first century. We, as

46、a civilization, are duty-bound to encourage technological know-how.However, before we make the mistake of convincing ourselves that a knack for writing software is more valuable than the ability to simply write well, we might consider looking anew at the souvenir that is the book. One day, computer

47、programsthese objects of our fascination and frustrationwill learn to write themselves. And well be left with our ideas, however grand or shallow.【答案】信息新时代有一个不太会引人注意的后果，那就是蹩脚的写作。闲聊也好，文本也好，还有留言板上不计其数的跟帖都来无踪去无影，使文字内容大打折扣，对未来的读者、作者和编辑都将产生很大影响。今天的编辑和新闻主管为因特网而苦恼不已，恰如其前辈们担心收音机和电视那样（会抢他们的饭碗）。他们都认为网络形成的巨大威胁

48、会影响自己产品的销路。有一种观念认为，写作练习及技巧完全可重振写作，以适应数字时代。这种观点忽视了这样一种事实：网络正在引发一些非常独特的表达形式，这种写作完全不同于常见的传统书本模式。对喜爱文学写作、正目睹图书市场和因特网侵蚀十九世纪印刷文化残余的人而言，这些断言可能并不怎么令人宽慰。但除了接受，我们别无选择。与数字化势力抗辩无疑是一场必败之仗，就如同诅咒晚潮的到来一样徒劳。但在尚未过深卷入前，我们不妨考虑一下：如果说新技术暴露了印刷和文本的固有偏见，那么反过来也可以说，书面文字极其适合揭示数字时代的短视。编码技术在21世纪极为畅销。随着文明的发展，我们应义不容辞地鼓励掌握技术诀窍。然而，要

49、是以为编写软件的诀窍比流畅写作的能力更有价值，那就错了。在尚未犯错之前，我们或许有必要重新审视一下历史的纪念品书籍。有朝一日，电脑编程这一既让人着迷又令人失望的东西将学会自己编程。而我们的思想会被弃之一旁宏观高论也好，肤浅短见也罢。17. 单选题Niagara is an Indian word which means “roaring water”. Indeed, the roar of the falling water of Niagara can be heard（1）a distance of 25 kms. Imagine（2）of water flowing over a cl

50、iff 90 feet high and you will get an idea of that terrible noise.And（3）tremendous power the Niagara River has! It moves big rocks about and throws them into the boiling water below.（4）ago an old ship without single person on board was put in mid-stream. It sailed down the river（5）a toy boat with gre

51、at speed. Having reached the fall, the ship dropped into the boiling water, never（6）again.There were some people who wanted to become famous（7）swimming across the most dangerous part of the Niagara River. One of them was Captain Webb who said that he would try to swim cross the Niagara, which（8）crow

52、ds of people. On the evening of July 21st, 1893, Captain Webb came up to the river and（9）a plunge. His having jumped into the water（10）many people with horror. Soon, he appeared in the middle of the river. A loud shout went up from the crowd, but a moment later there was（11）silence. The man had disa

53、ppeared under the water. Thousands of eyes（12）on the river, but the man was drowned.In 1902, a certain Miss Taylor decided to go over the falls in a barrel. There were different kinds of pillows inside the barrel to prevent her from（13）. Having examined the barrel carefully, Miss Taylor got in. The

54、barrel was closed and then（14）into the water. Having reached the falls, it overturned and was shot down by the terrible （15）of the water. When the barrel was finally caught and opened, Miss Taylor came out alive（16）with a frightened look in her eyes.Once a crowd of visitors saw a rope（17）over from o

55、ne bank of the river to the other. Then they saw a man （18）the rope. The man was an actor, Blondin（19）. He managed to cross Niagara Falls on a tight rope. The people on the bank were surprised at his（20）it so well.问题1选项A.withinB.insideC.atD.on问题2选项A.muchB.a great numberC.massD.a mass问题3选项A.how muchB

56、.whatC.soD.how问题4选项A.SometimesB.Many timesC.Much timeD.Some time问题5选项A.asB.as ifC.likeD.likely问题6选项A.to appearB.appearingC.appearedD.appear问题7选项A.forB.byC.throughD.from问题8选项A.attractedB.drewC.causedD.pulled问题9选项A.gaveB.madeC.didD.took问题10选项A.fillingB.full ofC.filledD.was filled问题11选项A.deadB.dyingC.d

57、iedD.death问题12选项A.being stoppedB.were fixingC.were fixedD.fixed问题13选项A.being hurtB.having hurtC.hurtingD.hurt问题14选项A.being thrownB.throwingC.thrownD.threw问题15选项A.powerB.strengthC.forceD.capacity问题16选项A.thereforeB.howeverC.soD.but问题17选项A.being putB.putC.having putD.putting问题18选项A.step acrossB.step ou

58、t ontoC.step alongD.step on问题19选项A.in nameB.under the name ofC.by nameD.to the name of问题20选项A.doneB.having doneC.having been doneD.being done【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C第6题:A第7题:B第8题:B第9题:D第10题:C第11题:A第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:C第16题:D第17题:A第18题:B第19题:C第20题:B【解析】1.考查介词辨析。根据句意“事实上，尼亚加拉瀑布的咆哮声在25公里的范围内就能听

59、到。”在的距离内，用介词within，所以选项A正确。2.考查逻辑连词。much of后面接可数名词单数；没有mass of的表达；a great number of后只能接可数名词复数；a mass of后既可以接可数名词复数，也可以接不可数名词，所以选项D正确。3.考查感叹句的用法。选项A和C不能引导感叹句，所以首先排除。What和How引导感叹句的用法分别为：What+形容词+名词+主语+谓语；How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。这里是形容词tremendous +名词power，所以应该使用what，选项B正确。4.考查固定搭配。A选项Sometimes“有时，间或”；B选项Many t

60、imes“多次”；C选项Much time“很多时间”；D选项Some time“一段时间”。some time ago意为“不久前”。选项D符合语境。5.考查动词辨析。A选项as“如同，像一样”，用法为asas；B选项as if “似乎，好像”；C选项like“像一样”；D选项likely“很可能”。根据句意“它像一艘玩具船一样飞快地顺河而下。”只有选项C符合语境。6.考查非谓语结构。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词drop，所以填空处应填非谓语结构；其次根据句意“到达瀑布后，船掉进了翻涌的水中，再也没有出现”可知，这里表示的是将来不会发生的事情，所以应使用不定式表将来，选项A正确。7.考

61、查介词辨析。根据句意“有些人想通过游泳渡过尼亚加拉河最危险的部分而出名。”这里指通过某种方法，用介词by，所以选项B正确。8.考查动词辨析。A选项attract“吸引，引起”；B选项draw“拖，拉，吸引”；C选项cause“导致，造成”；D选项pull“拉”。根据原文可知，韦伯船长说他将尝试游过尼亚加拉河，这吸引了很多人的注意力。强调吸引注意力用draw，所以选项B更恰当。9.考查固定搭配。take a plunge意为“一头扎进”，所以选项D正确。10.考查固定搭配。根据句意“他跳入水中使许多人充满了恐惧。”filled with意为“使充满”，所以选项C正确。11.考查固定搭配。dead silence意为“死一般的寂静”。所以选项A正确。12.考查固定搭配。be fixed on意为“盯着”。句意“千万双眼睛盯着河面”，所以选项C正确。13.考查固定用法和被动语态。prevent sb.