2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第15期

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1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.问题1选项A.contribute toB.attribute toC.attend toD.devote to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项contribute to“（造成某情况）的一个原因”；B选项attribute to“把归因于”；C选项attend to“处理；照料”；D选项devote to“献身于；作专用”。句意：摄入太多脂肪会_心脏病和引起高血压

2、。根据语境，摄入太多脂肪是造成心脏病的原因之一，所以contribute to“（造成某情况）的一个原因”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is her

3、e to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the fu

4、ture should be far more pollution-free than present types.Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractab

5、le (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically.Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then mo

6、nitor all of the cars movements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for t

7、he buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.1. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be _

8、.2. What is the authors main concern?3. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?4. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is _.5. What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?问题1选项A.its power sourceC. its monitoring systemB.C. its monitor

9、ing systemB.C.its monitoring systemB. its driving systemD.its seating capacity问题2选项A.How to render automobiles pollution-free.B.How to make smaller and safer automobiles.C.How to solve the problem of traffic jams.D.How to develop an automated subway system.问题3选项A.rail.B.An engine.C.A retractable arm

10、.D.A computer controller.问题4选项A.keep in the right laneB.wait to arrive at his destinationC.keep in constant touch with the computer centerD.inform the system of his destination by phone问题5选项A.Enthusiastic.B.Pessimistic.C.Optimistic.D.Cautious.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句It shoul

11、d become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine.（它应该变得更小、更安全、更经济，而且不应该由汽油发动机驱动。），可知A选项“能量来源”正确。B选项“驱动系统”，C选项“监控系统”和D选项“载客人数”文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。2.作者意图题。根据第三段第一句the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion.（未来的汽车的主要问题仍

12、在城市交通拥挤），可知作者最关心交通拥挤的问题，结合下文对如何解决这个问题展开设想，所以C选项“如何解决交通堵塞的问题”正确，A选项“如何使汽车无污染”和B选项“如何制造更小更安全的汽车”：这是未来汽车发展方向的其中一部分，不是作者最关心的，故错误。D选项“如何开发自动化地铁系统”：文章没有提到开发地铁系统，故错误。因此C选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第五段第一句Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will

13、pass to a central computer.（一旦连接到轨道上，汽车将由该系统提供电力，汽车的控制将通过中央计算机进行。），汽车接到铁轨上以后就有了电力，所以A选项“铁轨”正确，计算机控制器控制汽车，故D选项“计算机控制器”错误。B选项“可伸缩的机械臂”：根据第四段第一句a retractable arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail（一个可伸缩的机械臂从自动化系统向下和铁轨连接），可知机械臂不提供电力，故错误。C选项“引擎”：引擎不提供能量，故错误。因此A选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句The d

14、river will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer that will warn him of his coming exit.（然后司机就可以自由地放松，等待蜂鸣器提醒他到下一个出口。），可知司机需要听从系统的提示，按照提示操作，所以D选项“用电话通知系统他的目的地”正确，B选项“等待到达他的目的地”错误。A选项“保持在右车道行驶”和C选项“与计算机中心保持联系”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。5.观点态度题。根据第一段第一句Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile

15、 is bound to fall into disuse.（一些悲观的专家认为汽车注定会被淘汰。），结合作者下文提出未来汽车的发展方向，可知作者不赞同悲观的观点，根据第六段最后一句It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.（据估计，自动化公路每小时将能够处理1万辆汽车，而现在的公路只

16、能运送1500到2000辆汽车。），在文章最后作者大胆预料未来汽车的情况，可知作者看好未来汽车的发展，所以C选项“乐观”正确，B选项“悲观”和D选项“谨慎”错误。A选项“热情”不明显。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题These isolated elephant populations are _ to extinction.问题1选项A.fragileB.primitiveC.vulnerableD.susceptible【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项fragile“易碎的；不牢固的；虚弱的”；B选项primitive “原始的；落后的；（感觉或欲望）原始本能的”；C选项vulnera

17、ble“（身体上或感情上）脆弱的；易受伤害的”，侧重指（由于有夹缝或弱点而）易受责难或攻击；D选项susceptible“易受（伤）的；易患（病）的”，侧重指易受影响。句意：这些_的大象种群很容易灭绝。根据语境，容易灭绝是因为容易受伤害，C选项vulnerable“（身体上或感情上）脆弱的；易受伤害的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题Mother warned _ the electric lamp.问题1选项A.not to touchB.him not to touchC.him not touchingD.him not touch【答案】B【解析】考查动词用法。句意：妈妈告诫他不

18、要碰电灯。告诫某人不要做某事用warn sb. not to do sth.，所以B选项him not to touch符合题意，故正确。其余选项语法错误。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题The robber was brought to the judge, _.问题1选项A.his hands were fast tiedB.his hands to be fast tiedC.his hands having been fast tiedD.his hands fast tied【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：抢劫犯被带到法官面前，双手被绑得紧紧的。根据双手被绑确定用被动语态，结合

19、动作发生在过去，所以D选项his hands fast tied正确。A选项his hands were fast tied是完整的句子，语法错误；B选项his hands to be fast tied表示动作未发生，语法错误；C选项his hands having been fast tied表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，语法错误。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题The accident _ him of his sight and the use of his legs.问题1选项A.excludedB.disabledC.deprivedD.gripped【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选

20、项excluded“把排斥在外”；B选项disabled“使伤残；使无效”；C选项deprived“使丧失”；D选项gripped“紧握；强烈影响”。句意：这次事故使他_视力和双腿的功能。根据语境，这次事故让他的眼睛和双腿功能受损，所以disabled“使伤残；使无效”符合题意。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Conflict had existed between Spain and England since the 1570s. England wanted a share of the wealth that Spain had been taking from the lands it

21、had claimed in the Americas. Elizabeth, Queen of England, encouraged her staunch admiral of the navy, Sir Francis Drake, to raid Spanish ships and towns. Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to Englands treasury and diminishing Spains supr

22、emacy. Religious differences also caused conflict between the two countries. Whereas Spain was Roman Catholic, most of England had become Protestant. King Philip of Spain wanted to claim the throne and make England a Catholic country again.To satisfy his ambition and also to retaliate against Englan

23、ds theft of his gold and silver, King Philip began to build his fleet of warships, the Spanish Armada, in January 1586. Philip intended his fleet to be indestructible. In addition to building new warships, he marshaled 130 sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than 19,000 robust soldiers a

24、nd 8,000 sailors. Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that his Amada could withstand any battle with England.The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9, 1588, but bad weather forced it back to port. The voyage resumed on July 22

25、after the weather became more stable. The Spanish feet met the smaller, faster, and more maneuverable. English ships in battle off the coast of Plymouth, England, first on July 31 and again on August 2. The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted

26、. On August 7, while the Armada lay at anchor on the French side of the Strait of Dover, England sent eight burning ships into the midst of the Spanish fleet to set it on fire. Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away their crews in panic and disorder. Before the Armada could reg

27、roup, the English attacked again on August 8.Although the Spaniards made a valiant effort to fight back, the fleet suffered extensive damage. During the eight hours of battle, the Armada drifted perilously close to the rocky coastline. At the moment when it seemed that the Spanish ships would be dri

28、ven onto the English shore, the wind shifted, and the Armada drifted out into the North Sea. The Spaniards recognized the superiority of the English fleet and returned home, defeated.1. Sir Francis Drake added wealth to the treasury and diminished Spains _.2. King Philip recruited many _ soldiers an

29、d sailors.3. The _ Armada set sail on May 9, 1588.4. The two battles left the Spanish fleet _.5. The Armada was _ on one side.问题1选项A.unlimited powerB.unrestricted growthC.territoryD.treaties问题2选项A.warlikeB.strongC.accomplishedD.timid问题3选项A.completeB.warlikeC.independentD.isolated问题4选项A.open to chang

30、eB.triumphantC.open to attackD.defeated问题5选项A.closed offB.damagedC.aloneD.circled【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第四句Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to Englands treasury and diminishing Spains supremacy.（虽然这些突袭的规模很小，但是德雷克

31、取得了引人注目的成功，为英格兰国库增加了黄金和白银，削弱了西班牙的霸主地位。），supremacy的意思为“至高无上；最大权力；最高地位”，所以A选项“无限力量”正确。B选项“无限制的增长”，C选项“领土”和D选项“条约”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句he marshaled 130 sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than 19,000 robust soldiers and 8,000 sailors.（他指挥了130艘各类帆船，招募了19,000多名强壮的士兵和8,000多名水手。），robus

32、t的意思为“强壮的；强劲的”，在这里B选项“强壮的”正确。A选项“好战的；军事的”，C选项“技艺高超的”和D选项“胆小的”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第二段第三句Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that his Amada could withstand any battle with England.（尽管他的一些船只缺少枪支和弹药，但菲利普坚信他的无敌舰队可以抵抗任何与英国的战争。），可知这支舰队是用于军事的，所以B选项“军

33、事的”正确。A选项“完整的”，C选项“独立的”和D选项“孤立的”：根据第三段第一句The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9, 1588, but bad weather forced it back to port.（1588年5月9日，“无敌舰队”从葡萄牙里斯本起航，但恶劣的天气迫使它返回港口。），这里没有提到是否是整支舰队参与行动，并且这些参与行动的船只一起行动，并没有独立和孤立，故错误。因此B选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第三段第四句The two battles left Spain vulnerable,

34、having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted.（这两场战役使西班牙变得脆弱不堪，损失了几艘战舰，也耗尽了弹药。），vulnerable意思为“易受攻击的”，所以C选项“易受攻击”正确，A选项“接受改变”，B选项“大获全胜”和D选项“战败”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。5.事实细节题。根据第三段倒数第二句Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away their crews in panic and disorder.（西班牙船只被堵在一边，船员们只能在

35、恐慌和混乱中漂流。），Blocked意思为“封锁”，所以A选项“封锁”正确。B选项“破坏”，C选项“单独的”和D选项“包围的”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special- purpose lane system, in which c

36、ertain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promise

37、s the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system way was in place, automat

38、ed driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp.As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices ins

39、talled on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the

40、 transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition” lane. The vehicl

41、e would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespassers could be swiftly identified by authorities.)Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic w

42、ould harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel

43、, open the morning paper or just relax.1. We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways （ ）.2. A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that （ ）.3. Which of the following is true about driving on an automated highway?4. We know from the passage that a car

44、can enter a special purpose lane （ ）.5. When driving in an automated lane. The driver （ ）.问题1选项A.are being plannedB.are being modifiedC.are now in wide useD.are under construction问题2选项A.it would require only minor changes to existing highwaysB.it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiency

45、C.it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehiclesD.it offers more lanes for automated vehicles问题3选项A.Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations.B.A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.C.The driver should inform hi

46、s car computer of his destination before driving onto it.D.The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.问题4选项A.by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional laneB.by way of a ramp with electronic control devicesC.through a specially guarded gateD.after all trespasser

47、s are identified and removed问题5选项A.should harmonize with newly entering carsB.doesnt have to rely on his computer systemC.should watch out for potential accidentsD.doesnt have to hold on to the steering wheel【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1. 细节事实题。第一段第三句Two distinct types are on the drawing board（

48、绘图板上有两种不同的类型）可知，这两个系统正在设计中，因此选择A项“正在计划中”。B项“正在修改”，C项“现在被广泛使用”，D项“正在施工中”，均错误。2. 细节事实题。题目问special-purpose lane system的优势。定位到第一段最后一句A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.（专用车道系统将需要对现

49、有高速公路进行更广泛的物理改造，但它有望最大程度地提高高速公路通行能力），因此B项“它将实现最大的公路交通效率”符合题意。A项“它只需要对现有的公路做一些小的改动”，根据第一段最后一句可知应该是进行广泛的改造，故错误。C项“它有一条自动和半自动车道”和D项“它为自动化车辆提供了更多的车道”，在文中并未体现。3.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句：Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at th

50、e beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway.（不论采用哪种设计，司机都需要在其开始行驶时或在到达自动化高速公路前确定要去的目的地，把这个信息输入车上的计算机），因此C“司机在开车上路之前，应该把目的地通知他的汽车电脑”是正确答案。A项“在它上面行驶的车辆根据目的地被分配了不同的车道”，未在文中提及；B项“在混合车道系统中，汽车可以随时加入现有交通”与文章内容相悖，因为原文第二段第二句是on suitably equipped roads而不是existing traffic；D项“驾

51、驶员应与普通车辆共用自动车道”，在第一段第四句The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars.（第二个是混合交通系统：全自动车辆将与部分自动或手动驾驶的汽车共享道路），可知D项提到的情况只适用于第二种设计方案，即混合式交通系统。故A、B、D均不是答案。4. 细节事实题。题目询问从文章中我们可得知汽车_进入专用汽车车道。根据文章第二段If special- purpose lanes

52、were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp.(如果使用专门车道，汽车可以通过两种方式进入车道，汇入已有的车流中。一种方法是使用特别的入口引道)，B项“通过带有电子控制装置的斜坡”与文章所阐述的观点一致；C项“穿过一扇特别守卫的大门”与文中的观点不符，只有在通过检测后，才能通过此门；A项“通过与常规车道上的车辆平滑合并”和D项“在所有非法闯入者被识别和清除之后”显然与文章的意思不符。5.

53、细节事实题。题目询问行驶在自动车道上时，司机_。根据文章最后一段And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel the driver would be free to release the wheel，open the morning paper or just relax. （一旦汽车行驶在自动车道上，司机就不必操纵方向盘，而可以打开早报阅读或者放松一下），D项“不必紧握方向盘”与文章的观点相符。文章只是说在进入自动车道时才应该这样做，因此A项“应与新进入的车辆相协调”与文章的意思不符；B项“不必依赖他的电脑系统”和C项“应注意潜在

54、的事故”与文章所陈述的意思相反。9. 单选题He had been ill for months, and we were disturbed by his _ complexion.问题1选项A.darkB.sallowC.fairD.white【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dark“黑暗的；深色的”；B选项sallow“（人的皮肤或面色）蜡黄色的”；C选项fair“白皙的”；D选项white“白色的”。句意：他病了好几个月了，我们为他_而不安。根据语境，这里指生病许久，身体应该是虚弱的，B选项sallow“（人的皮肤或面色）蜡黄色的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题Wit

55、hout your help, _we so much.问题1选项A.didnt achieveB.would not have achievedC.will not achieveD.dont achieve【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。without引出虚拟语气，并且是对过去的事情进行虚拟，所以要用“would have done”。本句的意思是：“如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成就。”11. 单选题His parents _, the orphan is now taken care of by the government.问题1选项A.have diedB.deadC.d

56、yingD.having died【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：因为他的父母已经去世，这个孤儿现在由政府照顾。独立主格结构句子中作状语，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。在这里His parents主动die，所以用现在分词，动作发生在之前且对现在有影响，用现在完成时，D选项having died正确，其余选项语法错误。因此D选项正确。12. 单选题Justin was always prepared. His motto was “Never throw anything out: you never know when it might come in handy”.

57、His bedroom was so full of flat bicycle tires, bent tennis rackets. Deflated basketballs, and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door. His parents pleaded with him to clean out his room.“What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bottom?” his father asked. But Justin simply s

58、miled and repeated his motto, “Never throw anything out, you never know when it might come in handy.”When Justin was away from home, he always carried his blue backpack. He liked to think of it as a smaller version of his bedroom- a place to store the many objects that he collected. It was so worn a

59、nd stretched that it hardly resembled a backpack anymore. It was full of the kind of things that seemed unimportant, but when used with a little imagination, might come in handy.Justin had earned a reputation for figuring things out and getting people out of otherwise hopeless situations. Many of hi

60、s classmates and neighbors sought him out when they needed help with a problem. On the first day of school, his friend Kenny, came looking for Justin.“Do you think you have something in your bag that could help me remember my locker combination?” he asked. “I lost the scrap of paper it was written o

61、n. I have science class in two minutes and if Im late on the first day itll make me look bad for the rest of the year.” Kenny looked genuinely worried.“Relax”, Justin said, taking his backpack off and unzipping the top. “Remember how you borrowed my notebook in homeroom to write the combination down

62、? Well. I know how we can recover what you wrote.”He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of his bag. The page that Kenny had written on had left faint indentations on another page in the notebook. Justin held the pencil on its side and rubbed it lightly over the indentations. Slowly but sur

63、ely the numbers of the locker combination appeared in white, set off by the gray pencil rubbings.“Thats amazing!” Kenny said. “I owe you one.” And he dashed off to open his locker.1. Why is Justins room such a mess?2. The word “pleaded” in Paragraph 1 can best be replace by（ ）.3. In what way is Justins backpack a smaller version of his bed