2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第71期

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1、2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Researchers are trying to tell parents something about what kinds of video games children should be playing and how much time they should spend doing it. A new study concludes what youve already suspected: Young boys who play video games do worse on tests tha

2、n children who dont. Researchers who followed 64 boys from the ages of 6 to 9 for four months discovered that those who received a new PlayStation II gaming system earned lower reading and writing test scores than children who did not get the video game player. This comes on the heels of another rec

3、ently reported study about video games, which concluded that kids who play violent video games become more aggressive and less caring regardless of age, sex or culture than young people who dont play these games.The study on the effects of video games on schoolwork was conducted by Denison Universit

4、y associate professors Rebert Weis and Brittany Cerankosky, who graduated from Denison in 2008. It is called Effects of Video-Game Ownership on Young Boys Academic and Behavioral Functioning, and will be published in Psychological Science.Boys who received the system also showed greater teacher-repo

5、rted academic problems at follow-up than children in the comparison group. The researchers followed 64 young boys over four months. Parents of the 64 were promised a PlayStation II gaming system in exchange for their participation, plus three E rated games. But half the families were given the video

6、 gaming system immediately and half were promised it after four months. The children underwent a battery of tests before and after the four months and parents and teachers answered questions about how the boys behaved in school and at home.The conclusions show that, boys who were the first to get th

7、e Play Stations spent more time playing video games than the boys who didnt get it immediately39.3 minutes versus 9.3 minutes. (The boys who didnt get the gaming system right away played at a friends house). Boys who were given the Play Stations right away spent 18.2 minutes a day in after-school ac

8、ademic activities versus 31.6 minutes for the kids who werent. The boys who had the video games immediately achieved lower reading and writing test scores than those who didnt. But the Play Stations seemed to have no effect on the boys math and problem solving skills.Cerankosky said in a statement o

9、n the Denison University Web site that there isnt necessarily something inherent in video games that negatively affect kids. Its an activity that detracts from time that could be spent on school work,” she said. If you are wondering why we needed a study to tell us that, the researchers say that con

10、ventional wisdom is not always accurate, and it is important to prove such beliefs through experimentation.1.The first paragraph implies that Evaluation is needed before buying children video games. T/F2.According to researchers, a new PlayStation II gaming system helped students improve their readi

11、ng and writing test scores. T/F3.The effect on young girls who play violent video games proves to be less serious than that on young boys who play the same violent video games. T/F4.The two researchers on the effects of video games on schoolwork are Denison University graduates. T/F5.Parents of the

12、64 boys who were chosen for the study were immediately given a PlayStation II gaming system in exchange for their participation. T/F6.The 64 boys chosen were given a series of tests before and after the four-months research. T/F7.The boys who didnt get the gaming system right away played at a friend

13、s house, but they played it for a much shorter time. T/F8.The boys who had the video games immediately achieved much lower test scores on math than those who didnt. T/F9.The study shows if kids spent the time on schoolwork that they wasted on games, they could do better on reading and writing. T/F10

14、.The researchers say that conventional wisdom is not always correct. T/F问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B第6题:A第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:A【解析】1.第一段提到 “A new study concludes what youve already suspecte

15、d: Young boys who play video games do worse on tests than children who dont. 一项新的研究证实了人们怀疑的事情：玩电子游戏的男孩在测试中比不玩电子游戏的孩子考试成绩更差。”可推断“在为小孩买电子游戏前需要进行评估”陈述正确。2.第一段提到“.who received a new PlayStation II gaming system earned lower reading and writing test scores than children who did not get the video game pla

16、yer.收到新的 PlayStation II游戏系统的孩子比没有收到该游戏系统的孩子在阅读和写作测试上的得分较低”可推断“研究者称新的PlayStation II游戏系统帮助学生提高了阅读和写作测 试的得分”的陈述不正确。3.第一段提到“kids who play violent video games become more aggressive and less caringregardless of age, sex or culture than young people who dont play these games.玩暴力电子游戏的孩子不论年龄、性别或文化背景相比没有玩这些游

17、戏的孩子会变得更有侵略性、更没有同情心”可知“暴力游戏对小孩的影响不分性别”， 故该陈述“事实证明，对玩暴力电子游戏的年轻女孩的影响不如玩同样暴力电子游戏的年轻男孩严重。”不正确。4.第二段提到“.Denison University associate professors Rebert Weis and Brittany Cerankosky, who graduated from Denison in 2008丹尼森大学副教授Rebert Weis和在2008年毕业于丹尼森大学的Brittany Cerankosky”。“who graduated from Denison in 200

18、8.” 只是 Brittany Cerankosky 的后置定语，由此可推断“Rebert Weis和Brittany Cerankosky两位研究人员并不都是丹尼森大学的毕业生”，故该陈述不正确。5.第三段提到“But half the families were given the video gaming system immediately and half were promised it after four months.但是，一半的家庭是马上给予这个视频游戏系统，而另外一半的家庭是许诺在四个月以后给予该视频游戏系统”可推断该陈述“这64名被选中的参加这项研究的孩子父母立即获得了

19、PlayStation II游戏系统，以此作为孩子们参与的条件。”不正确。6.第三段提到“The children underwent a battery of tests before and after the four months. 孩子们在四个月前后接受了一系列的测试” 可推断该陈述“这64名被选中的男孩在四个月的研究前后接受了一系列测试。”正确。7.倒数第二段第一-句提到 “首先得到Play Stations游戏系统的小孩相比没有马 上得到该游戏系统的小孩花更多时间玩视频游戏，前者花在游戏上的时间是39.3分钟， 而在朋友家玩游戏的后者用在游戏上的时间是9.3分钟”，可推断该陈述“

20、尽管那些没有马上拿到游戏系统的男孩在朋友家玩，但他们玩的时间要短得多”正确。8.倒数第二段提到“ But the Play Stations seemed to have no effect on the boys math and problem solving skills.但是，Play Stations视频游戏系统似乎对男孩的数学成绩和解决问题的能力没有影响。” 可推断该陈述“马上得到视频游戏的男孩相比没有得到视频游戏的 那些男孩取得更低的数学测试得分”不正确。9.最后一段提到“there isnt necessarily something inherent in video gam

21、es that negatively affect kids视频游戏本身并没有对小孩产生负面影响的东西”、“Its an activity that detracts from time that could be spent on schoolwork.它( 即视频游戏 ) 这是一项活动，它减少了可以花在功课上的时间”可推断该陈述“这项研究表明，如果孩子们把时间花在学习上，而不是浪费在游戏上，他们的阅读和写作可以更好。”正确。10.最后一段提到“the researchers say that conventional wisdom is not always accurate, and i

22、t is important to prove such beliefs through experimentation. 研究人员说，传统的智慧并不总是准确的，通过实验来验证这些观点很重要。” 可推断该陈述“研究人员认为传统智慧并不总是正确”正确。2. 单选题A Professor stood before his philosophy class and had some items in front of him. When the class began, wordlessly, he picked up a very large and empty mayonnaise jar an

23、d proceeded to fill it with golf balls. He then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was.So the Professor then picked up a box of pebbles and poured them into the jar. He shook the jar lightly. The pebbles rolled into the open areas between the golf balls. He then asked the st

24、udents again if the jar was full. They agreed it was.The Professor next picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar. Of course, the sand filled up everything else. He asked once more if the jar was full. The students responded with a unanimous Yes.The Professor then produced two cans of beer

25、from under the table and poured the entire contents into the jar, effectively filling the empty space between the sand. The students laughed.“Now,” said the Professor, as the laughter subsided, “I want you to recognize that this jar represents your life.”The golf balls are the important thingsyour f

26、amily, your children, your health, your friends, your favorite passions things that if everything else was lost and only they remained, your life would still be full.The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car. The sand is everything elsethe small stuff.“If you p

27、ut the sand into the jar first”, he continued, there is no room for the pebbles or the golf balls. The same goes for life. If you spend all your time and energy on the small stuff, you will never have room for the things that are important to you. Pay attention to the things that are critical to you

28、r happiness. Play with your children. Take time to get medical checkups. Take your partner out to dinner. Play another 18. There will always be time to clean the house, and fix the disposal. Take care of the golf balls first, the things that really matter. Set your priorities. The rest is just sand.

29、When he had finished, there was a profound silence. Then one of the students raised her hand and with a puzzled expression, inquired what was the beer represented.The Professor smiled. Im glad you asked. It just goes to show you that no matter how full your life may seem, theres always room for a co

30、uple of beers.Lesson: When things in your life seem almost too much to handle, when 24 hours in a day are not enough, remember the mayonnaise jar.and the beer.1.The professor illustrated his point by（ ） .2.When the professor poured the beer into the jar, the students most probably would not（ ） .3.Th

31、e author tends to compare house cleaning to （ ）.4.The professor employed the beer to signify（ ） .5.By writing the story, the author intends to be（ ） .问题1选项A.analogyB.exemplifyingC.punningD.personification问题2选项A.find it unexpectedB.be amazed by himC.appreciate his wisdomD.understand his intension问题3选

32、项A.the golf ballsB.the pebblesC.the sandD.the beer问题4选项A.tricks to make life more beautifulB.relaxation no matter how full life isC.things that are unnecessary for lifeD.that we can always find leisure time问题5选项A.philosophicalB.enlighteningC.encouragingD.informative【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1

33、.判断推理题。A项“类比”；B项“举例；例示”；C项“双关”；D项“拟人法”。短文第六段 “The golf balls are the important thingsyour family, your children, your health, your friends”高尔夫球好比我们生活中重要的东西家庭、孩子、健康、朋友”以及第七段“The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car”鹅卵石好比其他重要的东西工作、房子、车子作者运用一系列类比，故选A。2.判断推理题。A项“觉

34、得意外”；B项“感到吃惊”；C项“欣赏他的智慧”；D项“理解他的意图”。注意题干要求“当教授将啤酒倾倒进蛋黄酱罐子，学生们最不可能会”。短文第五段中教授说“我想你们认识到这个蛋黄酱罐代表你们的生活”可推知“学生们不可能明白教授将啤酒倾倒进蛋黄酱罐子的意图”；从学生们对于教授几次将不同东西填充到罐子中的反应可以推断出学生们“意外、吃惊、欣赏教授的智慧”，故选D项。3.事实细节题。A项“高尔夫球”指“生活中重要的东西家庭、孩子、健康、朋友及喜好”；B项“鹅卵石”指代“工作、房子和汽车”；C项“沙子”指“生活中其他一切琐事”；D项“啤酒”指代“生活中的休闲”。短文第八段第一句“如果你先用沙子将蛋黄酱

35、罐子装满，那么里面就没有放鹅卵石和高尔夫球的空间”以及第八段中“There will always be time to clean the house, and fix the disposal.打扫房间和处理废物的时间总是有的”等细节可知作者将打扫房间比作沙子，故选C。4.判断推理题。A.项“让生活变得更美好的小窍门”；B项“不管生活多满也要放松”；C项“生活中不必要的事情”；D项“我们总能找到闲暇的时间”。短文倒数第二段“.no matter how full your life may seem, theres always room for a couple of beers.不管你

36、的生活看起来多满（即忙碌）；总会有喝杯啤酒的时间”可推断出“教授用啤酒暗示我们总能找到闲暇的时间”， 故选D。5.判断推理题。A项“哲学的”；B项“使人启发的”；C项“鼓励的”；D项“提供有用信息的;使人增进知识的”。由最后一段“教训：当生活中的事情多到似乎无法掌控时，当一天24小时都不够用时，请记住蛋黄酱罐子和啤酒”可推断出作者写这个故事是为了启发人们，让人们懂得把最重要的事情放在首位，而小事情总能找到时间来做，故选B。3. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in o

37、ur teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain man

38、ner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make

39、 up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or jus

40、t the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times; the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats:

41、more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, sk

42、irts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and t

43、he untidy look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion house.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing

44、 jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that no one else does either!1.The aut

45、hor thinks that people are（ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ） .3. Causes of fashions are（ ） .4.Present day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ） .5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearanceB.concerned

46、about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.C

47、are about appearance in formal situationsB.Fashion in formal and informal situationsC.Ignoring appearance in informal situationsD.Ignoring appearance in all situations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。A “对外表感到满意”与第一段中Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are “很少有人愿意接受我们本来的样子”；B “在意年

48、老时候的外表”，根据文中第一段 How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life “十几岁和二十几岁的我们比任何时期都更在意外在和在别人眼中的形象”可推断该选项不正确；C “完全不能忽视时尚”，文中第一段few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion “几乎没人敢于忽视潮流” 可知该选项符合题意；D “不

49、愿意跟随时尚”错误。2.事实细节题。A “生活中的信心”；B “个人衣着”；C “个人发型”；D “个人未来”。从文章第二段If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. “如果我们照做，电视和杂志告诉我们，我们可以自信地去见新面孔，从容应对任何场合”可知选项A符合题意，故选A。3.事实细节题。A “全部相同的”；B“多变的，各式各样的”；C “未知的”；D

50、 “难以解释的”。根据文章第三段中的What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. “是什么引起时尚的改变？有时候便利或实际需求或仅仅对某个有影响力的人物的个人喜好都可以主导时尚”可知，改变时尚的因素是多种多样的，A、C、D三项均不符合题意，故选B。4.判断推理题。A “单一性”；B “形式化”；C“非正式化，不拘泥于形式”；D“个性化”。根据第五段中Wi

51、thin reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should “ 只要合理，你可以按照自己的喜好决定着装和发型，而不是你应该穿什么”及The popularity of jeans and the untidy look.牛仔裤和不整洁外貌”可知当今社会更自由和轻松因为当下强调“informality”，故选C。5.判断推理题。A“在正式场合下要注重外表”；B “正式和非正式场合下的时尚”；C “在非正式场合下忽略外表”；D“在所有场合都忽略外表”。根据

52、最后一段开头At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully “ 同时，在某些特定的场合,外表依然非常重要,这时候我们必须非常认真地挑选服装”以及下文列举的两个服装与场合不合宜的反面例子，可知A“在正式场合下要注重外表” 符合题意，故本题答案为A。4. 单选题The worlds oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than

53、previously thought due to climate change, Australian and US climate researchers reported Wednesday. Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to do damage in low-lying, densely-populated delta re

54、gions around the globe.The study, published in the British journal Nature, adds to a growing scientific chorus of warnings about the pace and consequences of rising oceans. It also serves as a corrective to a massive report issued last year by the Nobel, winning UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

55、 Change (IPCC), according to the authors.Rising sea levels are driven by two things: the thermal expansion of sea water, and additional water from melting sources of ice. Both processes are caused by global warming. The ice sheet that sits at the top of Greenland, for example, contains enough water

56、to raise world ocean levels by seven metres (23 feet), which would bury sea-level cities from Dhaka to Shanghai.Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to rising sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises, scie

57、ntists say. But up to now, there has been a perplexing gap between the projections of computer-based climate models, and the observations of scientists gathering data from the oceans.The new study, led by Catia Domingues of the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, is the first to reco

58、ncile the models with observed data. Using new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003, it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53 millimetre-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the 0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC.1.36. What happ

59、ens when the oceans temperature rises?2.37. The rise in water levels is especially dangerous for small island nations and（ ）.3.38. The new study（ ）.4.39. Ultimately, the new study should help scientists to（ ）.5.40. What was the main finding of the study?问题1选项A.It causes sea levels to rise.B.It cause

60、s sea levels to remain constant.C.It causes sea levels to decrease.D.It causes sea levels to change.问题2选项A.low-lying urban areasB.all coastal citiesC.people who live on the beachD.people who live around the globe问题3选项A.shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.32 millimeter-per-year rise in sea

61、levelsB.did not reveal anything that scientists didnt already knowC.used new techniques to assess ocean temperaturesD.shows how quickly the sea levels fall问题4选项A.lower water levelsB.find out what is wrong with the earthC.bury sea-level cities like Dhaka and ShanghaiD.better predict climate change问题5

62、选项A.Not enough is being done about global warming.B.Ocean waters have warmed faster than scientists had previously thought.C.The warming of the worlds oceans is not a threat.D.The rise of sea levels has nothing to do with ocean temperature.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词oceans temper

63、ature rises可以定位到文章第一段中 “Higher ocean temperatures expend the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to do damage in low-lying, densely-populated delta regions around the globe.” 中文翻译为“海水温度的升高将会导致海水体积的膨胀，从而导致海平面的上升，最终淹没那些较小的岛国并且对处在全球地势低洼的人口密集的三角洲地区构成威胁”可以得知海水温度升高会使海平面上升。因此A选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。题干询问：海平面上升尤其会对小岛国和构成威胁。定位到第一段中 “contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to do damage in low-lying, densely-populated delta regions aro