2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第32期

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1、2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Ive not even read the first chapter _ finished the whole novel.问题1选项A.rather thanB.much moreC.as well asD.much less【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. rather than 而不是 B. much more 更加；多得多C. as well as 也；和一样 D. much less 更不用说；不及【答案】D【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：我甚至还没读完第一章看完整本小说。根据逻辑，小

2、说第一章都没有看完，可推断更不用说看完整本小说了。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】我连第一章都没看完，更别说读完整部小说了。2. 翻译题世界上一些国家发生问题，从根本上来说，都是因为经济上不去，没有饭吃，没有衣穿，没有房住，工资增长被通货膨胀抵消。【答案】Basically, problems in some countries are caused by poor economy, no food and no clothing and no shelter. Meanwhile, wage growth is offset by inflat

3、ion, which also results in these problems.3. 单选题The design of this auditorium shows a great deal of _. We have never seen such a building before.问题1选项A.inventionB.illusionC.originalityD.orientation【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. invention 发明；创造 B. illusion 错误的观念；幻想C. originality 独创性；创意 D. orientation 方向；目标【答案】C【考

4、查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】句意：这个礼堂的设计展示了大量的。我们以前从未见过这样的建筑。根据句意，后半句说从未见过这样的建筑，说明这个礼堂的设计很独特，很有创意。设计对应独创性。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项invention“发明；创造”，该句讲的是礼堂的设计很有独创性因此感觉从未见过这样的建筑，而不是礼堂有很多发明，该选项不符合语境；B、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】这个礼堂的设计很有独创性。我们以前从未见过这样的建筑。4. 单选题Penny had dropped the large towel, which was flung around her shoulders, and was

5、 running into the sea. “Come on,” she said. “Ill race you.”Nicholas took off his beach-wrap and followed her into the water. It was chilly enough to make him gasp but he steeped in bravely, and continued until he was up to his waist and then dived, coming up close to her side. Then he set off at a s

6、teady rhythmic crawl for the boat, about fifty yards away.“Hi!” shouted Penny, chasing after him. “I thought you couldnt swim!” “I never said so.” Nicholas called back and he went faster, finding to his joy that his injured hands were moving easily in the water. The early morning sun shone warmly on

7、 his wet head and the sea sparkled. He reached the boat a little breathless, but happier than he had ever been since the night of the crash. He knew he swam well. He had been taught by a professional teacher when he was only seven and since then he had bathed in most of the oceans of the world. It w

8、as the only sport allowed to him and he had made the most of it.Penny pulled herself up into the boat and sat beside him, laughing. “You little monkey!” she said. “And there was me saying Id teach you to swim.”“It was very kind of you,” said Nicholas sedately, but his eyes smiled.“Youll have to go i

9、n for the races in August,” she told him. “Youll beat anyone weve got here!”“Oh, I dont think Id be allowed,” began Nicholas, but Penny broke in, “Why on earth not? Dont forget youre Nicky Field now, not anyone special. Why shouldnt you go in for races if you want to?”Not anyone special! Nicholas Wa

10、kefield turned this over in his mind. Did he like it or didnt he? For as long as he could remember he had been someone very special indeed. The greatest people in the world of music had watched him at the piano, and wherever he went he had to be protected from pressmen and photographers. In televisi

11、on studios all over the world he had received VIP treatment. But now, just for a few weeks he was not special at all, and only good at swimming. He was going to like it! Somehow it all seemed a wonderful joke.1. To enter the water Nicholas _.2. Why did he feel satisfied?3. When he reached the boat h

12、e felt _.4. Penny called Nicholas a “little monkey” because _.5. What did Nicholas Wakefield find funny?问题1选项A.dived in head firstB.jumped in up to his waistC.crawled into the waterD.walked in gradually问题2选项A.Hed done really fast for the crawl.B.He felt hed impressed his girlfriend.C.Hed done exactl

13、y what hed been taught.D.He found his hands werent stiff anymore.问题3选项A.a little bit tiredB.short of breathC.painful in his handsD.proud of winning the race问题4选项A.he had played tricks on her in the waterB.he had let her think he couldnt swimC.he had dived in and chased herD.he had pretended he didnt

14、 like swimming问题5选项A.The TV men and photographers hadnt been able to find him.B.Pennys way of getting into the boat.C.He was going to give concerts for a few weeks under the name of Nicky Field.D.He was just going to be an ordinary person for a few weeks.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1. 【选项释义】To

15、enter the water Nicholas _. 为了下水，尼古拉斯_。A. dived in head first A. 头朝下跳入水中B. jumped in up to his waist B. 跳到了到他腰部的水中C. crawled into the water C. 爬进了水里D. walked in gradually D. 慢慢地走了进去【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“天冷得他倒抽了一口气，但他还是勇敢地浸入水中，一直浸到腰部，然后潜入水中，靠近她的身边。”由此可知他是浸入水中的，可推断他是慢慢走到水里然后让腰部浸入水中。因此选D。

16、【干扰项排除】A选项“头朝下跳入水中”，根据推断可知，他是慢慢走进水中然后浸入水中的，并不是跳入，该选项属于反向干扰；B选项“跳到了到他腰部的水中”，根据推断可知，他是慢慢走进水中然后浸入到他腰部的水中的，并不是直接跳到水中，该选项属于反向干扰；C选项“爬进了水里”，他是先浸入水中，然后再爬进水里，该选项属于本末倒置。2. 【选项释义】Why did he feel satisfied? 为什么他感到满足？A. Hed done really fast for the crawl. A. 他爬得非常快。B. He felt hed impressed his girlfriend. B. 他觉

17、得他给女朋友留下了深刻的印象。C. Hed done exactly what hed been taught. C. 他完全按照老师教的去做。D. He found his hands werent stiff anymore. D. 他发现自己的手不再僵硬了。【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段第三句“他高兴地发现，他受伤的手在水里轻松地移动着。（finding to his joy that his injured hands were moving easily in the water）”由此可知，他的手在水中移动着，可推断，他的手不再僵硬不动了。因

18、此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“他爬得非常快。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“他觉得他给女朋友留下了深刻的印象。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“他完全按照老师教的去做。”，文中提到“他七岁的时候就被一位专业的老师教过，从那时起，他就沐浴在世界上大部分的海洋中。”，但是在此处并没有说他完全按照老师教的去做，也并不是因为此原因而感到满足，该选项属于过度推断。3. 【选项释义】When he reached the boat he felt _. 当他到达船上时，他感到_。A. a little bit tired A. 有点累了B. short of breath B. 呼吸急促C.

19、 painful in his hands C. 双手疼痛D. proud of winning the race D. 因为赢得了比赛而自豪【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段第五句“他上气不接下气地来到船边（He reached the boat a little breathless），但从撞船的那天晚上以来，他从来没有这么高兴过。”由此可知他到达船上以后有点呼吸急促。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“有点累了”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“双手疼痛”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“因为赢得了比赛而自豪”，虽然尼古拉斯更早的到达船

20、上，但是并没有说他因为赢得比赛自豪，该选项属于过度推断。4. 【选项释义】Penny called Nicholas a “little monkey” because _. 佩妮叫尼古拉斯“小猴子”是因为_。A. he had played tricks on her in the water A. 他在水里捉弄了她B. he had let her think he couldnt swim B. 他让她以为他不会游泳C. he had dived in and chased her C. 他跳进水里追她D. he had pretended he didnt like swimming

21、D. 他假装不喜欢游泳【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段第一、二句“佩妮追着他喊道。我以为你不会游泳呢！（I thought you couldnt swim!）”以及第四段“你小猴子！她说。我还说要教你游泳呢。”由此可推断佩妮以为尼古拉斯不会游泳。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“他在水里捉弄了她”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“他跳进水里追她”，曲解原文，属于过度推断；D选项“他假装不喜欢游泳”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。5. 【选项释义】What did Nicholas Wakefield find funny? 尼古拉斯韦克菲尔德

22、觉得什么好笑？A. The TV men and photographers hadnt been able to find him. A. 电视记者和摄影师都没能找到他。B. Pennys way of getting into the boat. B. 佩妮上船的方式。C. He was going to give concerts for a few weeks under the name of Nicky Field. C. 他打算用尼基菲尔德的名字开几周的演唱会。D. He was just going to be an ordinary person for a few week

23、s. D. 他只打算做几个星期的普通人。【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到文章最后一段倒数第三行“在世界各地的电视演播室里，他受到了贵宾待遇。但现在，仅仅几个星期，他就一点也不特别，而且只是擅长游泳。他会喜欢的!不知何故，这一切似乎都只是一个绝妙的笑话。”由此可推断，尼古拉斯以前是一个名人，但是现在他仅仅是一个只擅长游泳的普通人，这一点让他感到好笑。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“电视记者和摄影师都没能找到他。”，文中只是提到以前无论他走到哪里，都得保护他不受记者和摄影师的骚扰，但没有说现在电视记者和摄影师都没能找到他，该选项属于过度推断；B选项“佩妮上船的方式。

24、”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“他打算用尼基菲尔德的名字开几周的演唱会。”，文中只是说他可以作为尼基菲尔德参加比赛，没有说开演唱会，该选项属于无中生有。5. 单选题Ive not even read the first chapter _ finished the whole novel.问题1选项A.rather thanB.much moreC.as well asD.much less【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. rather than 而不是 B. much more 更加；多得多C. as well as 也；和一样 D. much less 更不用说；不及【答案

25、】D【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：我甚至还没读完第一章看完整本小说。根据逻辑，小说第一章都没有看完，可推断更不用说看完整本小说了。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】我连第一章都没看完，更别说读完整部小说了。6. 单选题My father had returned from his business visit to London when I came in, rather late, to supper. I could tell at once that he and my mother had been discussing some

26、thing. In that half-playful, half-serious way I knew so well, he said, “How would you like to go to Eton?”“You bet,” I cried quickly catching the joke. Everyone knew it was the most expensive, the most famous of schools. You had to be entered at birth, if not before. Besides, even at 12 or 13, I und

27、erstood my father. He disliked any form of showing off. He always knew his proper station in life, which was in the middle of the middle class, our house was semi-detached; he had shrunk from joining the aristocratic Royal Liverpool Golf Club and approached a smaller one instead; though once he had

28、acquired a second-hand Rolls-Royce at a remarkably low price, he felt embarrassed driving it, and quickly changed it for an Austin 1100.This could only be his delightful way of telling me that the whole boarding school idea was to be dropped. Alas! I should also have remembered that he had a liking

29、for being different from everyone else, if it did not conflict with his fear of drawing attention to himself.It seemed that he had happened to be talking to Graham Brown of the London office, a very nice fellow, and Graham had a friend who had just entered his boy at the school, and while he was in

30、that part of the world he thought he might just as well phone them. I remember my eyes stinging and my hands shaking with the confusion of my feelings. There was excitement, at the heart of great sadness.“Oh, he doesnt want to go away,” said my mother, “You shouldnt go on like this.” “Its up to him,

31、” said my father. “He can make up his own mind.”1. If a father wants to send his son to Eton, he had better apply for it _.2. The house they lived in was _.3. His father sold his Rolls-Royce because _.4. The writers father enjoyed being different as long as _.5. What was the writers reaction to the

32、idea of going to boarding-school?问题1选项A.as soon as his son is bornB.when his son is 12 or 13C.even before his son is bornD.only if his son is clever问题2选项A.the best they could affordB.right for their social positionC.near the Golf ClubD.rather small问题3选项A.it made him feel uneasyB.it was too old to be

33、 efficientC.it was too expensive to ownD.he needed money then问题4选项A.it enabled him to show offB.it didnt involve him in argumentsC.it was understood as a jokeD.there was no danger of his showing off问题5选项A.He was very unhappy.B.He had mixed feelings.C.He was delighted.D.He didnt believe it.【答案】第1题:C第

34、2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1. 【选项释义】If a father wants to send his son to Eton, he had better apply for it _. 如果一个父亲想送他的儿子去伊顿公学，他最好在_就申请。A. as soon as his son is born A. 儿子一出生B. when his son is 12 or 13 B. 儿子12岁或13岁时C. even before his son is born C. 儿子出生前D. only if his son is clever D. 除非他的儿子聪明的时候【答案】C【考

35、查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“如果出生前没有，那么你必须在出生时登记。（You had to be entered at birth, if not before.）”由此可知如果没有在出生前登记，那么必须在出生时登记。由此可推断，最好在出生前就申请。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项“儿子一出生”，根据推断，最好是在出生前登记，该选项属于反向干扰；B选项“儿子12岁或13岁时”，根据推断，最好是在出生前登记，该选项属于反向干扰；D选项“除非他的儿子聪明的时候”，曲解原文，该选项属于过度推断。2. 【选项释义】The house they lived in was _.

36、 他们住的房子_。A. the best they could afford A. 是他们能负担得起的最好的房子B. right for their social position B. 与他们的社会地位相称C. near the Golf Club C. 在高尔夫俱乐部附近D. rather small D. 相当小【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段第六句“他总是知道自己在生活中应有的地位（his proper station in life），也就是中产阶级的中间阶层，我们的房子是半独立式的。”由此可知，作者的父亲非常清楚自己的社会地位，所以可推断他们的

37、房子与他们的社会地位相称。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“是他们能负担得起的最好的房子”，文章没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“在高尔夫俱乐部附近”，文章只是说父亲减少去贵族式高尔夫俱乐部，并不是说他们房子在高尔夫俱乐部附近，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“相当小”，根据文章可知，他们的房子是半独立式的，并没有相当小，该选项属于反向干扰。3. 【选项释义】His father sold his Rolls-Royce because _. 他的父亲卖掉了他的劳斯莱斯汽车，因为_。A. it made him feel uneasy A. 它使他感到不安B. it was too old to

38、be efficient B. 它太旧了，效率不高C. it was too expensive to own C. 拥有它太贵了D. he needed money then D. 那时他需要钱【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段最后一句“尽管有一次他以极低的价格买了一辆二手劳斯莱斯，但开起来他觉得很尴尬（he felt embarrassed driving it），于是很快就把它换成了奥斯汀1100。”由此可知作者的父亲觉得开劳斯莱斯很尴尬，可推断这辆车使他感到不安。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“它太旧了，效率不高”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；

39、C选项“拥有它太贵了”，文中提到“尽管有一次他以极低的价格买了一辆二手劳斯莱斯”，可知这辆汽车并不是太贵了，该选项属于反向干扰；D选项“那时他需要钱”，由文中定位点可知，并不是需要钱而是作者的父亲觉得开起来太尴尬，该选项属于过度推断。4. 【选项释义】The writers father enjoyed being different as long as _. 作者的父亲喜欢与众不同，只要_。A. it enabled him to show off A. 这能让他炫耀B. it didnt involve him in arguments B. 不卷入争论C. it was underst

40、ood as a joke C. 这被理解为一个笑话D. there was no danger of his showing off D. 他没有炫耀的危险【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段最后一句“我也应该记得，他喜欢与众不同，如果这与他害怕引起别人注意的恐惧不冲突的话（he had a liking for being different from everyone else, if it did not conflict with his fear of drawing attention to himself）。”由此可知，作者的父亲喜欢与众不同，

41、但是不希望引起别人的注意。由此可推断，作者的父亲不希望他有炫耀的风险。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“这能让他炫耀”，由推断可知，作者的父亲并不想炫耀，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；B选项“不卷入争论”，文中只是说他害怕引起别人注意，并没有说争论，该选项属于过度推断；C选项“这被理解为一个笑话”，曲解原文，属于过度推断。5. 【选项释义】What was the writers reaction to the idea of going to boarding-school? 作者对上寄宿学校的想法有什么反应？A. He was very unhappy. A. 他很不高兴。B. He

42、had mixed feelings. B. 他百感交集。C. He was delighted. C. 他很高兴。D. He didnt believe it. D. 他不相信。【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第二段最后两句“我记得我的眼睛刺痛，我的手颤抖，因为我的感觉混乱。兴奋之情溢于言表，但内心却极度悲伤。（I remember my eyes stinging and my hands shaking with the confusion of my feelings. There was excitement, at the heart of gr

43、eat sadness.）”由此可知，作者既开心又难过，可推断他内心百感交集。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“他很不高兴。”，文中说的是作者既开心又难过，并不是很不高兴，该选项属于反向干扰；C选项“他很高兴。”，文中作者内心也有悲伤的感觉不仅仅是高兴，该选项属于以偏概全；D选项“他不相信。”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。7. 单选题She decided to _ in the history course at the local evening school.问题1选项A.enterB.enrollC.attendD.register【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. enter 进

44、来；进去 B. enroll 登记；报名C. attend 出席；参加 D. register 登记；注册【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：她决定在当地的夜校历史课。根据句意，可以推测她应该是在当地的夜校报名上历史课。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项enter“进来；进去”，指进入或进入某事物，不符合语境；C选项attend“出席；参加”，指出席某一事件，不符合语境；D选项register“登记；注册”，指把你/某人/某物的名字记在正式的名单上，不符合语境。【句意】她决定报名当地夜校的历史课程。8. 翻译题Simplicity is the outward sign and sym

45、bol of depth of thought. It seems to me simplicity is about the most difficult thing to achieve in scholarship and writing. How difficult is clarity of thought, and yet it is only as thought becomes clear that simplicity is possible. When we see a writer belaboring and idea we may be sure that the i

46、dea is belaboring him. This is proved by the general fact that the lectures of a young college assistant instructor, freshly graduated with high honors, are generally abstruse and involved, and the true simplicity of thought and ease of expression are to be found only in the words of the older profe

47、ssors.Simplicity presupposes digestion and also maturity: as we grow older, our thoughts become clearer, insignificant and perhaps false aspects of a question are cut off and cease to disturb us, ideas take on more definite shapes and long trains of thought gradually shape themselves into a convenie

48、nt formula which suggests itself to us one fine morning, and we arrive at that true luminosity of knowledge which is called wisdom. There is no longer sense of effort, and truth becomes simple to understand because it becomes clear.【答案】简朴是思想深度的外在标志和象征。在我看来，简朴是在学术和写作中最难做到的事情。思想清晰是很难的，然而只有当思想变得清晰时，简朴才

49、会实现。当我们看到一个作家绞尽脑汁的时候，或许这个想法正在折磨他。这一观点通常被如下事实所证明：一个刚毕业的高材生做了学校的助教，他写出的文章通常深奥难懂，而只有老教授才能有简明的思想和简易的表达。简朴意味着领悟和成熟。随着年龄的增长，我们的思想会变得更清晰，无用或者错误的东西将不会困扰我们。思想更明确，而且经过长期的训练，我们的思想逐渐形成了它自己简明的模式，这暗示了思想清晰的开始。届时，我们的思想达到了真正的高度，这就叫“智慧”。于是，真理变得简单，而且理解不费力，因为它变得更清晰了。9. 单选题Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no

50、emotiona world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them

51、 as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exi

52、st: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members or groups. Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.

53、In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider t

54、he length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to ushurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experi

55、ences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social lifefrom what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will a

56、ccept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself, it gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or danger

57、ous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that _.2. According to the passage, peoples learning activities

58、 are possible because they _.3. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on _.4. Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because _.5. The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they _.问题1选项

59、A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do things that hurt each others feelings问题2选项A.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveB.ben

60、efit from providing help and support to one anotherC.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingD.know what is vital to the progress of society问题3选项A.the ability to make moneyB.the will to work for pleasureC.the capacity to enjoy incentivesD.the categorizations of our emotional experiences问题4选项A.

61、they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objectsB.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintainedC.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievementsD.they generate more love than hate among people问题5选项A.help society exploit its memb

62、ers for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal systemD.help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1. 【选项释义】The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that _. 人们可能无法在没有情感的世界中生存的原因是_。A. they would not be able to tell the texture of objects A. 他们无法分辨物体的纹理B. they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them B. 他们不知道什么对他们有益，什么对他们有