2022年考博英语-同济大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第46期

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1、2022年考博英语-同济大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Tom was accused of _ against black persons, that is to say, he looks down upon them.问题1选项A.discriminatingB.distinguishingC.distressingD.disguising【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。discriminating “歧视”；distinguishing “辨别，区分”; distressing “使痛苦，迫使”；disguising “掩饰，伪装”。句意：汤姆被指控歧视黑人，

2、也就是说，他瞧不起他们。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题The University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universities by writers representing both Western and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of

3、issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet Universitya voluntary community to scholars and teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked i

4、n cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great libraries.Yet the Internet University poses

5、 dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware，produced by a few superstar teachers，marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of

6、Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian

7、communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education，that does not mean greater uniformity in course contentor other dangers will necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also

8、at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus th

9、eir learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (rather than

10、lowest) paid professionals?”Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrows university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and m

11、atching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would function much like todays faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning

12、from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley s view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as ra

13、tional and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be “enrolled” in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, betweenor even duringsess

14、ions at a real world problem focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technol

15、ogy is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.1.When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University, _.2.Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University?3.

16、According to the review，what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?4.Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrows university faculty, university teachers _.5.Which category of writing does the review belong to?问题1选项A.he is in favour of itB.his view is balancedC.

17、he is slightly critical of itD.he is strongly critical of it问题2选项A.Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.B.Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C.Internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.D.The Internet University may produce teachers

18、with a lot of publicity.问题3选项A.Knowledge learning and career building.B.Learning how to solve existing social problems.C.Researching into solutions to current world problems.D.Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.问题4选项A.are required to conduct more independent researchB.ar

19、e required to offer more courses to their studentsC.are supposed to assume more demanding dutiesD.are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty问题5选项A.Narration.B.Description.C.Persuasion.D.Exposition.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.作者态度题。根据文章第二段，“A computerized university could have

20、many advantages, such as easy scheduling”，可知作者一方面认为网络大学存在很多优势，比如课程安排等等。根据文章第三段，“Yet the Internet University poses dangers”，作者认为网络大学也有很多隐藏着的危险，所以优缺点都有体现。选项B符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段, “marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the glob

21、al education marketsuch a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work”，可知大学存在的危险包括由几位明星教师编著的课程大肆宣扬后会主宰教育市场，并且降低实体教育的意义，使教职工失业等，文中并未提及互联网课程

22、的费用问题。选项A符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句，“instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world?”，可知大学的教育的根本使命就是基本的技术训练和培养学生的职业

23、技能，选项A符合题意。 4.细节理解题。根据文章第六段和第七段，“Some would act as brokersA second group, mentorsA third new role for faculty, and in Gidley s view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers.”可知，未来大学教师的三种角色是经纪人、导师和决策制定者。根据文章第六段， “charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of stude

24、nts colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.”，第三种教师角色是带领着学生同事共同寻找解决某些特定现实世界问题的精神的以及合理的和技术性的方法。所以他们的任务更加艰巨了。选项C符合题意。 5.考查文体。纵观全文，第一段进行了导入，简短地介绍了转型中的大学这个本书，接下来第二段和第三段分别阐述了网络大学的优点和缺点，紧接着阐述了网络大学可能给未来带来的影响，以及教师们

25、的角色的变化等等，所以本文对网络大学进行了一系列的说明和阐述，为说明文，选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very（ ）.问题1选项A.obscureB.indefiniteC.dubiousD.intriguing【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。obscure “费解的，不清楚的”；indefinite “不明确的”；dubious“可疑的，不可靠的”；intriguing “有趣的，迷人的”。句意：很少有人听懂

26、教授的讲课，因为主题让人费解。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题He didnt mention your name but I was sure he was _ to you.问题1选项A.intimatingB.inferringC.alludingD.suggesting【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。intimating“示意，暗示”；inferring“推断，猜想”；alluding“提及，暗指”；suggesting“暗示，建议”。句意：他没有提到你的名字，但是我肯定他暗指你了。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题The dictators first step was to _ the fr

27、ee press.问题1选项A.strangleB.strandC.stratifyD.estrange【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。strangle “压制，使窒息”；strand“使搁浅，陷入困境”；stratify “分层”；estrange “使疏远，离间”。句意：独裁者的第一步是压制言论自由。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题The losing candidate _ immediately after the polls had closed.问题1选项A.confessedB.concededC.concurredD.admitted【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。confesse

28、d “承认，认罪”；conceded “承认，坦白”；concurred “同意”；admitted “承认”。句意：投票选举结束后，输掉的候选人立即坦白承认了。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Behaviors that we do not understand often become nearly invisibleeven when, in retrospect ,we see how truly strange they are.When I was a psychiatric resident, we had a faculty member who was famous for hi

29、s messy office: stacks of papers and old journals covered every chair and table as well as much of the floor. One day, as I walked past the open office door with one of my supervisors, he murmured mildly, “Odd duck.” And that was as far as anyone seemed to reflect on this peculiar state of affairs w

30、ithin an institution staffed by psychiatrists. Eventually, the faculty member had to be given another office in which to see patients.Not surprisingly, the psychiatric diagnostic manual does not list “messy room” in the index. But it does mention a tantalizing symptom: inability “to discard worn-out

31、 or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value,” It comes under the diagnosis obsessive-compulsive personality disorder，an obscure cousin of the more famous obsessive-compulsive disorder.I was barely aware of the diagnosis. Every era has mental disorders that for cultural or scientif

32、ic reasons become popular. In Freuds day it was hysteria. Currently, depression has moved to center stage. But other ailments go relatively ignored, and this disorder was one.It came with a list of additional symptoms that appeared to be peculiar; anxiety about spending money, excessive devotion to

33、work to the exclusion of leisure activities, rigidity about following rules, perfectionism in doing tasksat times to the point of interfering with finishing them.In moderation, the symptoms seemed to fit right in with our workaholic cultureperhaps explaining the low profile of the diagnosis. Relentl

34、ess work orientation and perfectionism may even be assets in rule-and detail-oriented professions like accounting or law.But when the symptoms are too intense or pervasive, they become crippling. Beneath the seemingly adaptive behaviors lies a central disability. People with this diagnosis have enor

35、mous difficulty making decisions. They lack the internal sense of completion that most of us experience at the end of a choice or a task, eyen one as simple as throwing something out or making a purchase. In obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, this feeling occurs only after endless deliberati

36、on and revision, if at all.The need to come up with the “correct” answer, the best purchase or the perfect proposal leads to excess rumination over each decision. It can even lead to complete paralysis. For such people, rules of all kinds are a godsendthey represent pre-made decisions. Open-ended as

37、signments, like writing papers, are nightmares.For such a patient or for a psychiatrist，understanding a cluster of diagnostic symptoms can be a revelation. The picture leaps out from the previously disorganized background. But undoubtedly, at times we can become too reductionistic, seeing patterns w

38、here none exist: sometimes a messy room is just a messy room.1.Which of the following best describes peoples attitude towards the faculty member?2.The popular mental disorder of current time, according to the author, is _.3.The reason why symptoms of the “obsessive-compulsive disorder” go unnoticed

39、is that _.4.Rules are godsend to persons with the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder because _.5.From the last paragraph we can see that the authors view is that _.问题1选项A.They disliked him, and thats why he got his separate room to see patients.B.They thought he is a little strange, but didnt

40、 pay much attention to his behavior.C.They were interested in his behavior, as they were all psychiatrists.D.They thought he had some mental retardness.问题2选项A.hysteriaB.depressionC.messinessD.obsessive-compulsive disorder问题3选项A.they are highly thought of in according to lawB.some of the mild symptom

41、s fit in with a workaholic cultureC.they have a low profileD.they take a long time to become intense or pervasive问题4选项A.they do not involve decision makingB.they are open-ended assignmentsC.they lead to complete paralysisD.they are made by other问题5选项A.a messy room is just a messy roomB.a messy room

42、is an indication of the obsessive-compulsive personality disorderC.psychiatrists should pay attention to a messy roomD.psychiatrists should see patterns of seemingly disorganized behaviors, but shouldnt be too reductionistic【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段， “Behaviors that we do not

43、understand often become nearly invisibleeven when, in retrospect ,we see how truly strange they are.”，可知，即使回过头来看一些行为的确非常奇怪，但是对于那些我们不能理解的行为，我们经常会保持忽视的态度。紧接着第二段用一位同事的例子来说明这个观点，选项B符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段第四句，“Currently, depression has moved to center stage.”，可知目前，抑郁症已经成为人们关注的焦点。选项B符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句

44、，“the symptoms seemed to fit right in with our workaholic cultureperhaps explaining the low profile of the diagnosis. Relentless work orientation and perfectionism”，因为强迫症人格障碍的症状刚好符合工作狂的文化精神，不懈努力的工作定位和完美主义在工作中甚至会成为优点，因此强迫症在诊断过程中经常被忽视。选项B符合题意。 4.推断题。根据文章第七段，“People with this diagnosis have enormous di

45、fficulty making decisions.”，可知患有强迫症的人在做决定方面有巨大的困难。根据文章第八段，“For such people, rules of all kinds are a godsendthey represent pre-made decisions.”，可知对于这些人来说，规则是最大的恩赐，因为代表着预先做好的决定。所以可推断，规则的制定使他们不用自己作决定。选项A符合题意。 5.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“For such a patient or for a psychiatrist，understanding a cluster of diagnos

46、tic symptoms can be a revelation.”，可知对于这方面的病人或者精神病医生，理解诊断症状是有必要的。“But undoubtedly, at times we can become too reductionistic, seeing patterns where none exist: sometimes a messy room is just a messy room.”，可知有时我们可以把事情看得更简单一些，有些情形并没有什么，有时凌乱的房间仅仅是凌乱而已。所以可推断出，作者认为医生必须要理解一些诊断性的症状，能看到一些杂乱无章的行为并且熟悉病症，以便于给

47、病人看病，但是有时候凌乱确实只是一种简单的现象，并不是病症，医生也不能多虑。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题It is advisable to _ an electric wire with rubber in order to secure safety.问题1选项A.desolateB.resoluteC.insolateD.insulate【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。desolate “使荒凉，使孤寂”；resolute “坚决的，刚毅的”；insolate “使暴晒”，insulate “隔离，使绝缘”。句意：为了安全起见，最好在电线涂上橡胶以绝缘。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题We

48、have to _ the routine expenditure，otherwise it will be impossible for us to afford a car.问题1选项A.declineB.condenseC.curtailD.dwindle【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。decline “下降，衰落”；condense “使浓缩”；curtail“缩减，剪短”；dwindle“使缩小，减小”。句意：我们必须缩减日常开支，否则我们不可能买得起一辆车。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题The heavy snow _ travel, so he had to stay here

49、for more days.问题1选项A.impeachedB.impelledC.impededD.imparted【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。impeached “归咎，弹劾”；impelled “推进，促使”；impeded “阻碍”；imparted “给予，传授，告知”。句意：大雪阻碍了旅行，所以他必须在这儿多待几天。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题Before we move, we should （ ） some of the old furniture, so that we can have more room in the new house.问题1选项A.cancelB

50、.concealC.discardD.retain【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。cancel“取消”；conceal“隐藏”；discard“丢弃”；retain “保持”。句意：我们搬家前，我们应该丢弃一些老家具，以便于我们能够为新房子腾出更多空间。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题It was _ to continue the negotiation since both sides lack the sincerity.问题1选项A.fertileB.futileC.fugitiveD.fussy【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。fertile“多产的，富饶的”；futile “无效的，

51、无用的”；fugitive“逃亡的，无常的”；fussy “大惊小怪的，爱挑剔的”。句意：因为双方都缺少真诚，继续谈判是无效的。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题In his 1976 study of slavery in the United States, Herbert Gutman, like Fogel，Engerman, and Genovese, has rightly stressed the slaves，achievements. But unlike these historians, Gutman gives plantation owners little credit

52、 for these achievements. Rather, Gutman argues that one must look to the Black family and the slaves extended kinship system to understand how crucial achievements, such as the maintenance of a cultural heritage and the development of a communal consciousness, were possible. His findings compel atte

53、ntion.Gutman recreates the family and extended kinship structure mainly through an ingenious use of what any historian should draw upon, quantifiable data, derived in this case mostly from plantation birth registers. He also uses accounts of ex-slaves to probe the human reality behind his statistics

54、. These sources indicate that the two-parent household predominated in slave quarters just as it did among freed slaves after emancipation. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was inf

55、requent, was very much for stable monogamy. In less conclusive fashion Fogel, Engerman, and Genovese had already indicated the predominance of two-parent households; however, only Gutman emphasizes the preference for stable monogamy and points out what stable monogamy meant for the slaves cultural h

56、eritage. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission ofand so was crucial in sustainingthe Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their Afr

57、ican and American experiences.Gutmans examination of other facets of kinship also produces important findings. Gutman discovers that cousins rarely married, an exogamous tendency that contrasted sharply with the endogamy practiced by the plantation owners. This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggest

58、s, may have derived from West African rules governing marriage, which，though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. This taboo against cousins marrying is important, argues Gutman, because it is one of many indications of

59、a strong awareness among slaves of an extended kinship network. The fact that distantly related kin would care for children separated from their families also suggests this awareness. When blood relationships were few, as in newly created plantations in the Southwest, “fictive” kinship arrangements

60、took their place until a new pattern of consanguinity developed. Gutman presents convincing evidence that this extended kinship structurewhich he believes developed by the mid-to-late eighteenth centuryprovided the foundations for the strong communal consciousness that existed among slaves.In sum, G

61、utmans study is significant because it offers a closely reasoned and original explanation of some of the slaves achievements，one that correctly emphasizes the resources that slaves themselves possessed.1.With which of the following statements regarding the resources that historians ought to use woul

62、d the author of the passage be most likely to agree?2.Which of the following statements about the formation of the Black heritage of folklore, music，and religious expression is best supported by the information presented in the passage?3.Which of the following statements concerning the marriage practices of plantation owners during the period of Black slave in the United States can most logically be inferred from the information in the passage?4.Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?5.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage