2022年考博英语-南京大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷36

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1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Look at this mess! If only I（ ） your advice.问题1选项A.followB.had followedC.would followD.have followed【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气语法。If only 引导虚拟条件句，题目是对过去的虚拟，要用“had done” 结构，句意：看看这一片混乱！但愿我之前听从了你的建议就好了。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Even today, when air and road travel has made Africa so readi

2、ly accessible to Europeans and Americans, there are innumerable aspects of African life which tend to take one by surprise. The unfamiliar lies hidden everywhere, and the presence of Western culture seems merely to emphasize this unfamiliarity. Basically, the essence of our reaction to the strange,

3、the unfamiliar, is a sense of fear. Every country contains landscapes that arouse uneasewhether it be some remote Alpine valley, the wild lavender fields of Upper Province, or a lonely Norwegian fjord at twilight. But in my own experience West Africa contains more weird and eerie regionsrain-forest,

4、 mangroveswamp, parched plains of red earththan any other place that I have seen. It is not only in the foreigner that these landscapes evoke fear. A large part of all old African religions is devoted to soothing the unknown and the unseenevil spirits which live in a particular tree or a particular

5、rock, a thousand varieties of ghosts and witches, the ever-present spirits of dead ancestors or relatives. I have myself been kept awake at night in Calabar by a friend from Lagos who was convinced that the witches of the east were out to get him, or that he was about to be kidnapped and eaten. Duri

6、ng four and a half hours in a canoe along the creeks of the Niger della, gliding over the still and colorless water beneath an equally still and colorless but burning sky, I, too, have experienced a sense of fear, or at least a sense of awe. Except for the ticking of the little outboard engine the s

7、ilence was complete. On either hand stretched the silver-white swamps of mangrove, seeming, with their awkward exposed roots, to be standing knee-deep in the water. Where the creek narrowed you could peer deep into these thickets of mangrovesvistas secret, interminable and somehow meaningless. There

8、 was no sign of life except for the shrill screech of some unseen bird.I was on my way to the ancient slaving port of Bonny, which we reached in late afternoon. Scrambling up some derelict stone steps (slithery with slime and which had managed to detach themselves from the landing-stage so that you

9、had to jump a two-foot gap to reach wet land), 1 found myself in an area of black mud and tumbled blocks of stone.1.There are features of Western culture which are present in West Africa（ ）.2.A lot of the old African religion has to do with （ ）3.The author was kept awake by（ ）.4.“ Mangrove” means（ ）

10、问题1选项A.This fact makes it easier to accept the unfamiliarity of West Africa,B.This fact makes West Africa seem even stranger.C.This fact makes no difference to our reaction to West Africa.D.This fact has been greatly overemphasized.问题2选项A.kidnapping peopleB.keeping the spirits awakeC.human sacrifice

11、D.keeping the spirits happy问题3选项A.a ghostB.his friendC.the witchesD.eerie feelings问题4选项A.a sort of birdB.a sort of manC.a sort of treeD.a sort of animal【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.根据文章第一段第二句，“the presence of Western culture seems merely to emphasize this unfamiliarity”，推断出西非文化似乎表现出得更加陌生，选项B符合题意。2.

12、根据文章第一段第七句，“to soothing the unknown and the unseenevil spirits”，可推断一些宗教是为了抚慰那些未知的死去的灵魂。选项D符合题意。3.根据文章第一段，“I have myself been kept awake at night in Calabar by a friend from Lagos”，可推断我是因为朋友而不能入睡。选项B符合题意。4.根据文章第一段，“with their awkward exposed roots, to be standing knee-deep in the water.” 句意：它们的根暴露出来，

13、站立在齐膝深的水中。可推断出mangrove应该是一种树，选项C符合题意。3. 单选题According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modem comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolutio

14、n (17601840) when 10 to 12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoon as

15、 a half-day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870s，but did not become common in the United States until the 1920s.In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just 50 hours by the start of the 1

16、930s. In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was

17、popular with workers.The Depression years of the 1930s brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940，and s

18、ince that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States. Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metalworkers struck for and received a 37. 5-hour workweek, and in 1990 many workers in Britain won

19、 a 37-hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6-to a 5-day workweek and has set a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker, compared to 1,957 for the United States and

20、1,646 for France.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.Compared to preindustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth century （ ）.3.What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the United States during the 1930s?4.Which of the f

21、ollowing is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938?问题1选项A.Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week.B.Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week.C.A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in several i

22、ndustries.D.Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution.问题2选项A.remained constantB.decreased slightlyC.decreased significantlyD.increased significantly问题3选项A.Several people sometimes shared a single job.B.Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United StatesC.Several

23、 corporations increased the length of the workweek.D.The United States government instituted a 35-hour workweek问题4选项A.To discourage workers from asking for increased wages.B.To establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek.C.To allow employers to set the length of the workweek for their w

24、orkers.D.To restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段，作者主要对工业化前后，人们工作时间的变化。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，工业革命前，人们每天花三到四个小时来完成生活必需的劳动，到了现代，人们每周需要工作六天，每天工作十到十二小时，可以得出，工作时间是不断增长的。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“The Depression years of the 1930s brought with the

25、m the notion of job sharing to spread available work around”，工作的大萧条时代到来，使他们有了工作分担的想法，所以有时候几个人会同事做同样的工作。选项A符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据最后一段，“In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940，and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the U

26、nited States.”，8小时5天的工作制就开始了，选项B符合题意。4. 单选题A noisy aggressive cousin of the crow, the magpie has those bird s thievish habits.问题1选项A.A noisyB.aggressiveC.thoseD.habits【答案】A【解析】根据题意，如果noisy和aggressive是并列的关系，共同修饰cousin，那么应该用and来连接，所以noisy应该用来修饰aggressive，改为noisily副词形式，句意：喜鹊是乌鸦吵闹好斗的近亲，也有鸟那种偷偷摸摸的习性。选项A符

27、合题意。5. 单选题Maisie had always thought of herself as being shy and （ ）,and was surprised that anyone should ask her opinion.问题1选项A.stutteringB.scatteringC.inarticulateD.inexpressive【答案】C【解析】形容词词义解析。stuttering “ 口吃，结巴”；scattering “分散的”；inarticulate “不善于表达的”；inexpressive “无表情的，无意义的”。句意：梅齐认为她是害羞而且不善表达的人，惊

28、讶的是，竟然有人会问她的意见。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Plato-who may have understood better what forms the mind of man than do some of our contemporaries who want their children exposed only to “real” people and everyday events-knew what intellectual experiences make for true humanity. He suggested that the future citizens o

29、f his ideal republic begin their literary education with the telling of myths, rather than with mere facts or so-called rational teachings. Even Aristotle, master of pure reason, said, “The friend of wisdom is also a friend of myth.”Modern thinkers who have studied myths and fairy tales from a philo

30、sophical or psychological viewpoint arrive at the same conclusion, regardless of their original persuasion. Mircea Eliade, for one, describes these stories as models for human behavior that give meaning and value to life. ” He and others suggest that myths and fairy tales were derived from, or give

31、symbolic expression to, initiation rites or rites of passage such as metaphoric death of an old, inadequate self in order to be reborn on a higher plane of existence. He feels that this is why these tales meet a strongly felt need and are carriers of such deep meaning.Other investigations with a dep

32、th-psychological orientation emphasize the similarities between the fantastic events in myths and fairy tales and those in adult dreams and daydreams the fulfillment of wishes, the winning out over all competitors, the destruction of enemies-and conclude that one attraction of this literature is its

33、 expression of that which is normally prevented from coming to awareness. There are, however, very significant differences between fairy tales and dreams.There is general agreement that myths and fairy tales speak to us in the language of symbols representing unconscious content. Their appeal is sim

34、ultaneously to our conscious mind, and to our ideals as well. This makes it very effective; and in the tales content, inner psychological phenomena are given in symbolic form.1.In the opening paragraph, the author quotes Plato and Aristotle primarily in order to（ ）.2.In paragraph 2, the word “persua

35、sion” means（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the authors interest in fairy tales centers chiefly on their4.Which of the following best describes the authors attitude toward fairy tales?问题1选项A.define the nature of mythB.contrast their opposing points of viewC.support the point that myths

36、 are valuableD.prove that myths originated in ancient times问题2选项A.enticementB.convincing forceC.political partD.opinion问题3选项A.literary qualitiesB.historical backgroundC.psychological relevanceD.ethical weakness问题4选项A.Open approvalB.Reluctant fascination.C.Indulgent tolerance.D.Wary skepticism.【答案】第1

37、题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.主旨题，考查对文意的理解。根据第一段，“He suggested that the future citizens of his ideal republic begin their literary education with the telling of myths”，柏拉图想让国家的公民以神话故事开始他们的文学教育，亚里士多德也认为神话和智慧同等重要，选项C符合题意。2.词义理解题。persuasion 本身具有“信念”的意思，文章意思是，那些近代思想家们无论原本的理念是什么，从哲学和心理学的角度去研究神话故事都会得到相同的结论。所以op

38、inion也有想法，信念的意思。选项D符合题意。3.信息推断题。根据文章第三段“other investigations with a depth-psychological orientation”，深度的心理调查，看出作者主要是对其中的心理方面感兴趣，根据第四段“in the tales content, inner psychological phenomena are given in symbolic form”，在故事中，内在的心理现象以象征的形式呈现，也表明了作者对心理的兴趣。选项C符合题意。4.文意理解题。文章第一段作者就表明对神话故事的学习持支持态度，第二段也提出了神话故事的

39、意义所在，最后一段谈到了神话故事的象征意义和心理形式也同样有吸引力，所以作者是赞同肯定的态度。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题The republication of the poets most recent works WUl certainly（ ）his national reputation.问题1选项A.magnifyB.strengthenC.enlargeD.enhance【答案】D【解析】考查近义动词辨析。magnify “放大，赞美”；strengthen “增强力量”；enlarge “扩大，使增大”；enhance “提高，增强（品质、吸引力）”。句意：这位诗人近期作品的再

40、次出版会提升他在整个国家的声誉。指价值的提升。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题Doctors say that moderate drinking can have a beneficial （ ）on your health.问题1选项A.impactB.generationC.dispositionD.dependence【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。impact “影响”;generation “一代，产生” ; disposition “性情，处置”;dependence “独立”。句意：医生说适当喝酒对你的健康有有利影响。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题A deal of attentio

41、n is being paid today to the so-called digital divide一 the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that（1）does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less invisible then, however, were the new, positive （2）that w

42、ork against the digital divide. Actually, there are reasons to be（3）.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more（4）, it is in the interest of business to universalize access after all, the more people online, the more potential（5）ther

43、e are. More and more enterprises, afraid their countries will be left（6）, want to spread internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. An

44、d that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for（7）world poverty that weve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have, but it has big potential.To（8）advantage of this tool, some po

45、or countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices（9）respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of（10）(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When

46、the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is why Americas Second Wave infrastructure concerning roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on were built with foreign investment.问题1选项A.divideB.informationC.worldD.lecture问题2选项A.forcesB.obstaclesC.e

47、ventsD.surprises问题3选项A.negativeB.optimisticC.pleasantD.disappointed问题4选项A.developedB.centralizedC.realizedD.commercialized问题5选项A.usersB.producersC.customersD.citizens问题6选项A.awayB.forC.asideD.behind问题7选项A.containingB.preventingC.keepingD.combating问题8选项A.bringB.keepC.holdD.take问题9选项A.atB.withC.ofD.for

48、问题10选项A.constructionB.facilityC.infrastructureD.institution【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C第6题:D第7题:D第8题:D第9题:B第10题:C【解析】（1）文中指示代词that指代前面出现的名词，中心词为前面出现的so-called digital divide，divide 为中心词。选项A符合题意。（2）根据上下文语境。根据positive可以判断出，被修饰的单词应该是具有积极意义的名词。根据语境单词force最为合适。选项A 符合题意。（3）根据上下文语境。第一段主要是讲的存在一种力量可以抵抗数字化鸿沟

49、，第二段的首句就提到了一些技术因素可以使数字鸿沟不断窄化。选项B符合题意。（4）根据上下文语境。根据下文提到的 the interest of business 可以推测出，应该有商业化的意思，所以单词commercialized最为合适，选项D符合题意。（5）根据上下文语境。文章一直在讨论“商业化”、“贸易这些话题”，所以空格中应该填入与之相关的词汇，customer最符合语境，选项C符合题意。（6）考查短语的固定搭配。短语leave behind “落后”，句意：企业担心自己的国家会落后。选项D符合题意。（7）考查动词词义辨析。单词 combat意思为“反对，与战斗”，最符合语境，选项D符

50、合题意。（8）考查短语的固定搭配。take advantage of 意思为“利用”，为固定搭配。选项D符合题意。（9）考查短语的固定搭配。with respect to “关于，至于”，选项B符合题意。（10）考查单词释义理解。括号中的释义为“社会基本建筑基础”，选项C符合题意。10. 单选题The report criticized the legislature for making college attendance dependent on the ability to pay, charging that，as a result，hundreds of qualified you

51、ng people would be （ ） further education.问题1选项A.entitled toB.striving forC.deprived ofD.participating in【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。entitle to“有权享有，使有资格“;strive for “奋斗”;deprive of“剥夺”; participate in“参与”。句意：这份报告批判了以大学生支付能力决定入学率的立法，结果，数以百计的符合资格的年轻人失去了继续接受教育的机会。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题In most earthquakes the Earth s crus

52、t cracks like porcelain. Stress builds up until a fracture forms at the depth of a few kilometers and the crust slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hundreds of kilometers down in the Earths mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of crac

53、king, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty. How can there be earthquakes at such depths?That such deep events do occur has been accepted only since 1927, when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati convincingly demonstrated their existence. Instead of comparing the arrival times of seismic

54、 waves at different locations, as earlier researchers had done, Wadati relied on a lime difference between the arrival of primary (P) waves and the slower secondary (S) waves. Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly constant speeds; the interval between their arrivals increases in propo

55、rtion to the distance from the earthquake focus，or a rupture point.For most earthquakes, Wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter, the point on the surface where shaking is the strongest for a few events, however, the delay was long enough at the epicenter. Wadati saw a sim

56、ilar pattern when he analyzed data on the intensity of shaking. Most earthquakes had a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter, but others were characterized by a lower peak intensity, felt over a broader area. Both the P-S intervals and the

57、intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and the deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down.1.The passage is primarily concerned with（ ）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that if the S w

58、aves from an earthquake arrive at a given location long after the P waves, which of the following must be true?3.The passage suggests that which of the following must take place in order for any earthquake to occur?4.The authors explanation of how deep events occur would be most weakened if which of

59、 the following were discovered to be true?问题1选项A.demonstrating why the methods of early seismologists were flawedB.defending a revolutionary theory about the causes of earthquakes and methods of predicting themC.discussing the evidence for the existence of deep events and the conditions that allow t

60、hem to occurD.comparing the effects of shallow events with those of deep events问题2选项A.The earthquake was a deep event.B.The earthquake was a shallow eventC.The earthquake focus was distant.D.The earthquake had a low peak intensity.问题3选项A.Stress must build up.B.Cool rock must descend into the mantle.

61、C.A fracture must occur.D.Both A and C.问题4选项A.Deep events are far less common than shallow events.B.Deep events occur in places other than where crustal plates meet.C.Mantle rock is more ductile at a depth of several hundred kilometers than it is at 50 kilometers.D.The speeds of both P and S waves a

62、re slightly greater than previously though.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段，“How can there be earthquakes at such depths”，首先提出了问题， “这么深的地方是如何发生地震的”，文章第二段介绍了地震学家证明了这种深层地震的存在，根据第三段，“Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes”，地震学家继续论证了P-S间隔和强度模式表明存在两种地震。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第三段，“and the deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down.”，可推断P-S间隔很长的就被称作deep events，选项A符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句，“Stress builds up until a fracture forms at the depth of a few kilometers”，可知地震形成的条件包括压力的断裂。选项D符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“