2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前模拟强化练习题95（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题If you are looking for a quality education at a reasonable price, then consider State University as the place to _.问题1选项A.sitB.enrollC.encounterD.situate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sit“坐；位于；使就座”；B选项enroll“登记；使加入；把记入名册；使入伍；参加；注册；记入名册”；C选项encounter“遭遇；邂逅；遇到”；D选项situate“使位于

2、；使处于；把放在（特殊的环境中），把跟（具体情境）联系”。句意：如果你想以合理的价格获得高质量的教育，那就考虑把州立大学作为注册入学的地方。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题John _ smoke heavily, but he has now stopped.问题1选项A.is used toB.was used toC.used toD.has been used to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项is used to和B选项was used to均表示“习惯于；习惯”；C选项used to意为“过去常常，过去经常做某事”，有过去常这样做，现在不这样做了的意味；D选项has been

3、used to是be used to的完成时。句意：约翰过去抽烟很厉害，但现在不抽了。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations want

4、ed”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth an

5、d apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was

6、a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was e

7、xplained, and everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something

8、slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might

9、be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.1. The new type of advertise

10、ment which is appearing in newspaper columns _.2. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because _.3. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would _.4. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter _.5. T

11、he curriculum vitae has become such an important document because _.问题1选项A.informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB.promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employmentC.divides available jobs into various typesD.informs employers of the people available for work问题2选项A.there is

12、 a lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB.there are so many top level jobs availableC.there are so many people out of workD.the job history is considered to be a work of art问题3选项A.write an initial letter giving their life historyB.pass some exams before applying for a jobC.have no qualification

13、s other than being able to read and writeD.keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview问题4选项A.something that would distinguish one from other applicantsB.hinted information about the personality of the applicantC.ones advantages over others in applying for the jobD.an occasional tr

14、ick with the aggressive approach问题5选项A.there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertisedB.there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degreesC.jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD.the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第

15、4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段最后一句“What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.（它的作用是在求职时提供帮助。）”由此可知这种新型广告主要是给那些找工作的人提供有用的信息，所以B选项“承诺给那些找工作的人提供有用的信息”说法正确。A选项“给求职者提供工作机会”；C选项“将现有的工作分为不同类型”；D选项“通知雇主可以工作的人”都与文章事实不符，因此B选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“The growth and apparent success of such a spec

16、ialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.当然，这种专门服务的增长和明显的成功反映了目前的高失业率。这也表明了简历（或工作经历）

17、越来越重要，因为它本身就可以称得上是一种艺术形式”。由此可知对这种特殊类型的服务需求增多是因为失业人数的原因，所以C选项“有很多人失业”说法正确。A选项“艺术工作者缺少工作机会”；B选项“顶级工作数量增多”与文章事实不符；D选项“工作经历被认为是一件艺术品”文章虽然有提到，但不是这种特殊类型的服务需求增多的原因。因此C选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. Just put down your name, address, age and

18、whether you have passed any exams, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, and everything else could and should be saved for the interview.”（曾经有一段时间，求职者只写求职信。“请写下您的姓名、地址、

19、年龄和是否通过了考试”，这是我离开学校时给申请第一份工作的年轻人提供的平均建议。他们解释说，这封信实际上只是开个玩笑，其他一切都可以而且应该留到面试时再写）。由此可知在过去求职者会在求职信上面写下详细信息直到他们获得面试，所以D选项“保留任何详细的信息直到他们获得面试”说法正确。A选项“写一封说明他们生活历史的信件”文章没有提到；B选项“在申请工作之前通过一些考试”文章只提到在求职信上写上自己是否通过了考试，并没有提到求职者必须通过考试，故不选；C选项“除了能读和写之外没有别的资格”说法错误，文章提到And in those days of full employment the techni

20、que worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.在那些充分就业的日子里，这种方法是有效的。这封信证明你能写，也能去工作。你急切的表情和机智的回答将会完成面试的剩下部分。由此只会读和写并不能帮助你获得工作，面试中的表现也很重要。因此D选项正确。4.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章倒数第二段“Later, as you moved up the ladder, something s

21、lightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach.（之后，当你申请更重要的工作时，就需要一些其他更稍微复杂些的能力。当时的建议是在信中写些能使你和其他人区别开来的东西。这可能是一种咄咄逼人的方式。）”由此可知A选项“能让你从其他申请者中脱颖而出的东西”说法正确。B选项“关于申请人性格的暗示信息”文章没有

22、提到；C选项“在申请这项工作方面比别人有优势”为本题干扰项，文中只提到建议在简历中写一些和别人不一样的地方，可以是很多方面，而不仅仅局限于工作方面，所以本题不选C选项；D选项“用侵略性方法偶尔耍花招”，文章只提到在信中写些能使你和其他人区别开来的东西这一举措可能是一种咄咄逼人的方式，并不是建议求职者在求职过程中用侵略性方法偶尔耍花招。因此A选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at a

23、ll points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.（但是，毫无疑问，在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加，使得简历更加重要。）”由此可知简历变得越来越重要的原因是因为高学历申请人数量的增加，所以B选项“有学位的申请人数量有所增加”说法正确。A选项“招聘广告的数量有所增加”；C选项“现在的工作变得越来越复杂”；D选项“其他的申请工作的过程更加复杂”都与文章事实不符，因此B选项正确。4. 翻译题We do not know exact

24、ly how long the country has been occupied but the earliest discovered site of occupation is about 47,000 years old. To put this in perspective, since the First Fleet arrived in 1788 there have been only eight generations of settlers. On the other hand, there have been at least 18,500 generations of

25、the Peoples of the Dreaming.The Peoples of the Dreaming belonged to over 500 different groups or nations with different languages and cultures but they were bound together by their belief in the Dreaming. “The Dreaming” or “The Dreamtime” is the most enduring religion in Australia today. It is based

26、 on the central principle that the people who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the landthat the land owns them and that they hold it in trust as the home of their creator. However, in the immensely variable landscape of the country, different cultures and different languages de

27、veloped within this broad framework of the Dreamtime.【答案】我们不知道这个国家被占领的确切时间，但最早发现的占领遗址大约有4.7万年的历史。从这个角度来看，自1788年第一舰队到达后，只有8代移民。另一方面，已经有至少18500代梦创时代的后人（原住民）。梦创时代的后人属于500多个不同的群体或国家，他们拥有不同的语言和文化，但他们因为梦里的信念而联系在一起。梦创时代是今天澳大利亚最持久的宗教。它基于这样一个中心原则：生活在大陆上的人民对土地负有特殊责任土地拥有他们而且他们把土地作为创造者的家园来保管。然而，在这个国家多变的景观中，不同的文

28、化和不同的语言在这个梦创时代的大框架内发展起来。5. 单选题The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it _ into fragments.问题1选项A.broke offB.broke awayC.broke throughD.broke up【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项break off“折断；突然停止，暂停”；B选项break away“脱离；放弃；逃跑”；C选项break through“突破；突围；有重要创见”；D选项break up“打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落；终止；分手”。句意：木头已经是如此的腐朽以至于我们一拉它就变

29、成了碎片。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题Every year schools all over the country will _ new students the first week in September.问题1选项A.absorbB.includeC.enrollD.register【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项absorb“吸收；吸引；承受；理解”；B选项include“包含，包括”；C选项enroll“登记；使加入；把记入名册；使入伍”；D选项register“登记；（旅馆）登记住宿；挂号邮寄；表达（意见或情感）；显示（读数）”。register一般是指录取后登记；enr

30、oll是报名参加的意思，仅是报名阶段。句意：每年9月的第一周，全国各地的学校都会招收新生。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题The accountant _ thousands of dollars from the charity while appearing to be its best fundraiser.问题1选项A.donatedB.validatedC.embezzledD.certify【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项donate“捐赠，捐献”；B选项validate“证实，验证；确认；使生效”；C选项embezzle“盗用；挪用；贪污”；D选项certify“证明；保证”。

31、句意：那个会计盗用善款几千美元，却表现出自己是最佳的捐助者。根据句中的while可知，前后两句关系为转折，后半句提到“最佳捐赠者”，那么前半句句意应该与之相反。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题Parents have a legal _ to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable for their age.问题1选项A.impulseB.influenceC.obligationD.sympathy【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项impulse“冲动；脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推动力”

32、；B选项influence“影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事”；C选项obligation“义务；职责；债务”；D选项sympathy“同情；慰问；赞同”。句意：父母有法律义务确保其子女获得适合其年龄的有效教育。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题Brunners _ to become the second woman ever to hold Cabinet rank was scuttled by the overwhelmingly male parliament, apparently because of sexual politics.问题1选项A.betB.hitC.bidD.bat【

33、答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项bet“打赌；与（某人）以钱打赌；（非正式）敢说”；B选项hit“打击；袭击；碰撞；偶然发现；伤的感情”；C选项bid“出价；叫牌；向表示问候；（诗、文）命令；邀请；努力争取，企图获得；告诉，吩咐”；D选项bat“用球棒击球；击球率达；轮到击球”。句意：布伦纳想成为史上第二位女性内阁成员的努力被男性占多数的议会挫败，显然是因为性政治。因此C选项正确。10. 单选题She brought her rage under control, her smiling face _ her real feeling.问题1选项A.disguisedB.disguisin

34、gC.disguiseD.to disguise【答案】A【解析】考查时态。英语句子中前后句子时态应统一，前半句的谓语动词用的“bring”的过去式“brought”，因此后半句的谓语动词也应用过去式，选项中只有A选项符合题意。句意：她控制住了自己的愤怒，她的微笑掩饰了她的真实感情。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题Cooked vegetables are also valuable sources of certain vitamins and minerals, if the juice is eaten and if not cooked _.问题1选项A.too long a timeB

35、.a long time tooC.much time longD.long much time【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。根据句义，选项中的time 指“一段时间”，是个可数名词，前面应当用不定冠词a，故排除掉C选项和D选项。副词too修饰形容词的时候，意思是“太”；放在句子最后修饰整个句子时，表示“也”。句意：如果汁液能被吃掉并且没有煮太长时间的话，煮熟的蔬菜也是某些维生素和矿物质的宝贵来源。所以，A选项和B选项相比，A选项“一段太长的时间”更符合句意。因此A选项正确。12. 翻译题Early men were also greatly interested in the stars

36、they saw twinkling in the sky at night. What they did not realize was that the stars were also present during the daytime, but their light was not visible because of the brilliance of the sun. How did they discover this?There is one event which does enable us to see the stars in the daytime. It is t

37、he total eclipse of the sun(日全食),when the moon passes in front of the sun and hides it from view. When this happens, the sky becomes dark enough for the stars to be seen. Total eclipses of this kind do not occur very often and are not likely to be seen from the same area more than once every fifty-f

38、our years. One can imagine what an awe-inspiring sight it must have been for an early man, who would remember the event for the rest of his life.So man watched the movements of the sun, the moon and the stars and wondered about them. It was practicing the oldest branch of scienceastronomy.【答案】古人也对夜晚

39、所见天空中闪烁的群星怀有浓厚的兴趣。他们还知道白天星星也在那里，只是看不见它们闪光，因为太阳光太强了。人们怎么会发现这一点的呢？只有一种情况让我们在白天看见星星，那就是日全食。月亮走到太阳前面，把它遮住。这时天空变暗，便可看见星星了。这种日全食并不常见，同一个地区也许每隔五十四年只会碰上一次。我们可以想象，对于古人来说，这该是一种多么令人心惊胆颤的景象啊，他们一生永远也不会忘记。人类就是这样观察太阳，月亮和星体的运动，并产生疑问的，人们在思考它们是什么，以及它们在干什么的时候，其实就是在从事对科学的最古老的学科天文学的研究。13. 单选题Depressed, overworked and _

40、by those people whom he owed money to, he decided to put an end to his problems.问题1选项A.bewitchedB.bewilderedC.besmirchedD.beset【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项bewitched“（使）鬼迷心窍；（使）着迷，陶醉”；B选项bewildered“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C选项besmirched“弄脏；诽谤，玷污”；D选项beset“困扰；镶嵌；围绕”。句意：他情绪低落，工作过度，被那些欠他钱的人所困扰，他决定做个了结。因此D选项正确。14. 单选题She spoke

41、 so _ at the conference, as though the said issue was of little importance.问题1选项A.seriouslyB.casuallyC.stubbornlyD.comically【答案】B【解析】考查副词解析。A选项seriously“认真地；严重地，严肃地”；B选项casually“随便地；偶然地；临时地”；C选项stubbornly“倔强地；顽固地；顽强地；固执地”；D选项comically“滑稽地；诙谐地”。句意：她在会议上讲话那么随便，好像那个问题不重要似的。因此B选项正确。15. 单选题The health-car

42、e economy is replete with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or “provider” and purchaser or “consumer” in the typical doctorpatient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract

43、a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Where circumstances permit the buyer no choice because there is effectively only one seller and the product is relatively essential, government usually asserts monopoly and places t

44、he industry under price and other regulations. Neither of these conditions prevails in most of the health-care industry.In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a

45、physicianand even then there may be no real choiceit is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday”, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challe

46、nge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and annou

47、nce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctors judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real “consumer.” As a consequence, the medical staff repre

48、sents the “power center” in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants: the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government)the physician makes the essential

49、 decisions for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for the most part the patient plays a passive role. In routine or minor illnesses, or just plain worries, the patients options are, of

50、course, much greater with respect to use and price. In illnesses that are of some significance, however, such choices tend to evaporate, and it is for illnesses that the bulk of the health-care dollar is spent. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determined by physic

51、ians, not patients.1. The authors primary purpose is to _.2. It can be inferred that doctors are able to determine hospital policies because _.3. According to the author, when a doctor tells a patient to “return next Wednesday” (para. 2), the doctor is in effect _.4. The author is most probably lead

52、ing up to _.5. It is the physician who is the real “consumer” (Para. 3) means that the physician is the party that _.问题1选项A.speculate about the relationship between a patients ability to pay and the treatment receivedB.criticize doctors for exercising too much control over patientsC.analyze some imp

53、ortant economic factors in health careD.urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authority问题2选项A.it is doctors who generate income for the hospitalB.most of the patients bills are paid by his health insuranceC.hospital administrators lack the expertise to question medical decisionsD.a doctor

54、is ultimately responsible for a patients health问题3选项A.taking advantage of the patients concern for his healthB.instructing the patient to buy more medical servicesC.warning the patient that hospital stay might be necessaryD.advising the patient to seek a second opinion问题4选项A.an analysis of the cause

55、s of inflationB.a proposal to control medical costsC.a discussion of a new medical treatmentD.a discussion of new medical costs问题5选项A.pays for goods or servicesB.delivers goods or servicesC.orders goods or servicesD.reimburses a third party for goods or services【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.作者意

56、图题。根据第一段第一句“The health-care economy is replete with unusual and even unique economic relationships.（医疗保健经济充满了不同寻常甚至独特的经济关系。）” 可知本文将要讨论卫生保健行业中的特殊经济关系，其余三段主要分析了医疗保健领域的一些重要的影响相互之间经济关系的因素：医生、医院、病人以及支付者，因此C选项“分析卫生保健中一些重要的经济因素”符合文章大意。A选项“推测病人的支付能力和所接受的治疗之间的关系”；B选项“批评医生对病人过分控制”；D选项“敦促医院收回他们的决策权”都太过片面，因此C选项

57、正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“.it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday”, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc.（所有重要的购买决定通常都是由医生做出的：病人是否应该下周三回来，是否需要x光，是否应该开药方，等等。）”以及第三段结尾“Little wonder then

58、 that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real consumer. As a consequence, the medical staff represents the power center in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.（难怪在医院的眼里，医生才是真正的消费者。因此，医务人员代表的是医院政策和决策的权力中心，而不是管理部门。）”，由此可知决定医学治疗的是医生，也就是说决定医院收入的也是医生，因此A选项“是

59、医生为医院创造了收入”符合题意。B选项“病人的大部分账单是由他的健康保险支付的”不符合题意；C选项“医院管理者缺乏质疑医疗决定的专业知识”文章没有提到；D选项“医生对病人的健康负有最终责任”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return next Wednesday, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs sh

60、ould be prescribed, etc.（所有重要的购买决定通常都是由医生做出的：病人是否应该下周三回来，是否需要x光，是否应该开药方，等等。）”，由此可知当医生让病人下周三再来的时候，实际上是由医生指导病人购买更多的医疗服务，因此B选项“指示病人购买更多的医疗服务”符合题意。A选项“利用病人对健康的关心”；C选项“警告病人住院可能是必要的”以及D选项“建议病人寻求另一种疗法”的最终目的都是为了购买更多医疗服务，因此B选项正确。4.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“In routine or minor illnesses, or just plain worries, the

61、 patients options are, of course, much greater with respect to use and price. In illnesses that are of some significance, however, such choices tend to evaporate, and it is for illnesses that the bulk of the health-care dollar is spent. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditure

62、s are determined by physicians, not patients.（在日常或轻微的疾病，或只是简单的担忧，病人的选择，当然，更多的是使用和价格。然而，在一些有重要意义的疾病中，这样的选择往往会消失，医疗保健的大部分钱都花在了疾病上。我们估计75%到80%的医疗支出是由医生决定的，而不是病人。）”以及结合全文可知文章主要分析了医生和病人之间特殊的经济关系，末段最后两句指出大部分卫生保健费用由医生决定，正因为如此，这样的体制会显得很无效。由此可以推断，作者接下来会提出对这种体制进行改革，B选项“控制医疗费用的建议”符合题意。A选项“通货膨胀原因的分析”文章没有提到；C选项“

63、关于一种新疗法的讨论”以及D选项“关于新的医疗费用的讨论”都不能很好的衔接文章内容，因此B选项正确。5.语义推测题。“consumer”意为“消费者”，A选项“支付商品或服务的费用”更符合题意。B选项“递送商品或服务”；C选项“订购商品或服务”；D选项“报销第三方的商品或服务”。因此A选项正确。16. 单选题Almost 15 years ago, in “The Work of Nations,” I described a three-tiered work force found in most advanced economies. At the bottom were workers who offer personal service, mainly in retail outlets, restaurants, hotels and hospi