2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷38

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1、2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The life story of the human species goes back a million years, and there is no doubt that man came only recently to the western hemisphere. None of the thousands of sites of aboriginal habitation uncovered in-Worth and South America has antiquity comparable to t

2、hat of old World sites. Mans occupation of the New World may date several tens of thousands of years, but no one rationally argues that he has been here even 100,000 years.Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset, and the proposed routes boxed the compass. With one

3、 or two notable exceptions, however, students of American anthropology soon settled for the plausible idea that the first immigrants came by way of a land bridge that had connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest comer of North America across the Bering Strait)Mariners were able to supp

4、ly the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow it is 56 miles wide - but also shallow, a lowering of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transform the strait into an isthmus (地峡).With little eels in the way of evidence to sustain the Bering Strait land bridge, anthropologis

5、ts embraced the idea that man walked dry-hoed from Asia to America.Toward the end of thy/last century, however, it became apparent that the Western Hemisphere was the New World not only for man but also for a host of animals and plants. Zoologists and botanists showed that numerous subjects of their

6、 respective kingdoms must have originated in Asia and spread to America. These findings were neither astonishing nor wholly unexpected. Such spread of populations is not to be envisioned as an exodus or mass migration, even in the case of animals. It is, rather, a spilling into new territory that ac

7、companies increase in numbers, with movement in the direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological conditions. But the immense traffic in plant and animals forms placed a heavy burden on the Bering Strait land bridge as the anthropologists ahead envisioned it. Whereas purposefu

8、l men could make their way across a narrow bridge, the slow diffusion of plant and animals would require an avenue as a continent and available for ages at a stretch.1.The movement of plants and animals from Asia to America indicates （ ）.2.The author is refuting the notion that （ ）.3.By using the wo

9、rds “boxed the compass” (in Line 7) the author implies that （ ）.4.One reason for the migration not mentioned by the author is （ ）.5.We may assume that in tile paragraph that follows this passage the author argues about （ ）.问题1选项A.that they could not have traveled across the Bering StraitB.that Asia

10、and the Western hemisphere were connected by a large land massC.that the Bering Sea was an isthmus at one timeD.that migration was in the one direction only问题2选项A.life arose in America independently of life in EuropeB.the first settlers in America came during the sixteenth centuryC.a large continent

11、 once existed which has disappearedD.man was a host to animals and plants问题3选项A.the migration of mankind was from West to EastB.the migration of mankind was from East to WestC.mankind traveled in all directionsD.mankind walked from Asia to America问题4选项A.overcrowdingB.favorable environmental conditio

12、nsC.famineD.the existence of a land bridge问题5选项A.the contributions of anthropologistB.the contributions of zoologists and botanistsC.the contributions made by the American IndiansD.the existence of a large land mass between Asia and North America【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段， “the

13、 first immigrants came by way of a land bridge that had connected the northeast comer of Asia to the northwest comer of North America across the Bering Strait. Mariners were able to supply the reassuring information that the strait is not only narrow it is 56 miles wide - but also shallow, a lowerin

14、g of the sea level there by 100 feet or so would transform the strait into an isthmus (地峡).”，可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，水手能够提供可靠的信息，不仅是狭窄的海峡56英里宽,但也浅，那里的海平面下降100英尺左右，就会把海峡变成地峡。可判断出动植物从亚洲到美洲的迁徙表明亚洲和西半球由一大片陆地连接起来。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，亚洲和西半球由一

15、大片陆地连接起来的，所以作者驳斥了曾经存在过的一个大陆已经消失了的观点。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段， “Speculation as to how man found his way to America was lively at the outset, and the proposed routes boxed the compass.”，可知关于人类是如何找到去美国的路的猜测一开始就很活跃，所提议的路线四通八达。下文提到第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，可判断出人类在四面八方旅行。选项C符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第

16、三段， “a spilling into new territory that accompanies increase in numbers, with movement in the direction of least population pressure and most favorable ecological conditions.”，可知向人口压力最小、生态条件最有利的方向流动，并伴随着数量的增加而涌入新的领地。可判断出人口密度和环境都是作者提到的迁徙的原因。选项A和B可排除。根据文章第二段，可知第一批移民者通过一座桥连接亚洲东北角和穿过白令海峡的北美西北角的大陆桥来到美国，所

17、以有大陆桥的存在，选项D可排除。饥荒在文中并未提及，选项C符合题意。5.推断题。文章主要提到了第一批移民是通过大陆桥到达美国的，说明了大陆桥的存在，大陆桥最后延伸成为一片大陆，证明亚洲和西半球是由一片大陆连接的。根据文章最后一句， “Whereas purposeful men could make their way across a narrow bridge, the slow diffusion of plant and animals would require an avenue as a continent and available for ages at a stretch.

18、”，可知植物和动物的缓慢扩散和迁徙则需要一条作为大陆的大道，而且可以长时间使用。可判断出作者在下文可能为讨论到在亚洲和北美之间大陆的存在。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Englands team, who are now superbly fit will be doing their best next week to （ ）themselves for last years defeat.问题1选项A.reviveB.retortC.revengeD.remedy【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。revive “复兴，苏醒”；retort “反驳，回嘴”；revenge “复仇”；remedy

19、 “补救，治疗”。句意：英格兰队现在状态非常好，下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利复仇。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题This week in Japan, some 10, 000（1） from across the globe will meet to examine what, for many of the worlds poorest people, are issues of life and death. At sessions in Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, the 3rd World Water Forum will （2）a crisis that cur

20、rently forces more than one billion people to （3） sources contaminated with human waste, and leaves countless millions more with insufficient supplies to （4） their crops, or to spur industrial development. The meeting is the culmination of the International Year of Freshwater 2003, declared by the U

21、nited Nations to （5） awareness of the worsening state of the worlds water resources.（6）that goal, the forum could hardly have been held at a less opportune moment. Events in Iraq may limit media（7） of the 3rd World Water Forum to mere footnote status. “Our discussions will have far more effect on hu

22、mankind in the twenty-first century than the current crisis in the Middle East,” claims William Cosgrove, vice-president of the World Water Council, a think-tank dedicated to （8） water resources. But the forums organizers must know that there is little hope of gaining firm（9） from nations that are （

23、10） war.问题1选项A.delegatesB.dedicatesC.dictatorsD.decision-makers问题2选项A.spotlightB.highlightC.brightenD.show问题3选项A.make use ofB.eat withC.drink fromD.grope for问题4选项A.plantB.cultivateC.transplantD.water问题5选项A.realizeB.achieveC.gainD.raise问题6选项A.ForB.But forC.GivenD.Giving问题7选项A.coverB.coveringC.coverag

24、eD.discover问题8选项A.improveB.improvingC.promoteD.promoting问题9选项A.commitmentsB.commitmentC.promisesD.promise问题10选项A.focusing withB.focused withC.focusing onD.focused on【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。delegate “代表”；dedicate “致力，动词”；dictator “独裁者”；decision-makers “决策者

25、”。根据句子结构，可知空格填入一个名词，选项B可排除。句意：本周在日本，来自世界各地的约一万名代表将齐聚一堂，探讨对世界上许多最贫穷的人来说，什么是生死攸关的问题。选项A符合题意。（2）动词词义辨析。spotlight “聚焦”；highlight “突出，强调”；brighten “使明亮”；show “展示，出示”。句意：在京都、志贺和大阪的会议上，第三节水资源大会将强调一场危机。选项B符合题意。（3）词汇辨析。make use of “使用，利用”；drink from “从喝”；grope for “探索”；eat with “用吃”。句意：目前迫使超过10亿人饮用被人类废弃物污染的水

26、源。选项C符合题意。（4）动词词义辨析。Plant “种植”；cultivate “培养，培育”；transplant “移植，迁移”；water “浇水”。句意：这使得数以百万计的人没有足够的水来灌溉他们的庄稼，或者刺激工业发展。选项D符合题意。（5）动词词义辨析。realize “意识到，认识到”；achieve “实现，达到”；gain “获得，增加”；raise “提高，提升”。句意：提高对世界水资源日益恶化状况的认识。选项D符合题意。（6）语法题。Given引导条件状语从句，表鉴于、出于。句意：鉴于这一目标，本会议几乎不可能在不合时宜的时候举行。选项C符合题意。（7）固定搭配。Med

27、ia coverage “媒体报道”。句意：伊拉克事件可能会将媒体对第三届世界水资源会议的报道限制在脚注地位。选项C符合题意。（8）语法题。Dedicate to后接名词或动名词形式，因为to为介词。选项A和C可排除。Improve “改善”；promote “促进，提升”。句意：致力于改善水资源。选项B符合题意。（9）词汇辨析。Promise和commitment都有承诺的意思，但promise用于口语中，随意一些，commitment用于正式语中，更加正式。选项C和D可排除。又因为空格后的nations为复数，所以commitment也应该保持一致。选项A符合题意。（10）固定搭配。Be

28、focused on “集中注意力”，没有be focused with搭配，选项A和B可排除。句意：但是，该论坛的组织者必须知道，从关注战争的国家那里获得坚定承诺的希望微乎其微。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence because college will hel

29、p them earn more money become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who dont go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending those who dont fit the pattern are becoming more numerous

30、, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each others experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies and drop out-often enc

31、ouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselvesthey are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But thats a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesnt explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly

32、 right. Weve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cant absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watcher

33、s have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experien

34、ces. Perhaps college doesnt make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn thingsmaybe its just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-leaning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all tho

35、se successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.1.According to the auth

36、or （ ）.2.In the 2nd paragraph, “those who dont fit the pattern” refers to （ ）.3.The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up because （ ）.4.According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that （ ）.5.In this passage the author argues that （ ）.问题1选项A.people

37、 used to question the value of college educationB.people used to have full confidence in higher educationC.all high school graduates chose to go to collegeD.very few high school graduates chose to go to college问题2选项A.high school graduates who arent suitable for college educationB.college graduates w

38、ho are selling shoes and driving taxisC.college students who arent any better for their higher educationD.high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college问题3选项A.young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at collegeB.many young people are required to join the armyC.

39、young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher educationD.young people dont like the intense competition for admission to graduate school问题4选项A.society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduatesB.high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college educationC.too

40、many students have to earn their own livingD.college administrators encourage students to drop out问题5选项A.more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduatesB.college education is not enough if one wants to be successfulC.college education benefits only

41、the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning peopleD.intelligent people may learn quicker if they dont go to college【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一句，“The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation.”，可知大学已经被超过一代的人们毫无疑问的接受了。可判断出人们过去总是对高等教育充满信心。选项B符

42、合题意。2.语义理解题。根据文章第一句，“And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending those who dont fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious.”，可知近一半的高中毕业生就读于那些不符合这种模式的学校，人数越来越多，现象也越来越明显。下文紧接着用例子说明了这种现象。可判断出those who dont fit the pattern是指那些没有因为高等教育而变得更好的大学生们。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据

43、文章第二段最后一句，“Others find no stimulation in their studies and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators.”，可知另一些人在学习中找不到激励和鼓舞而辍学通常是受到大学管理者的鼓励。可判断出大学生的辍学率似乎在上升的原因在于年轻人很少有追求高等教育的动力。选项C符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Weve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cant absorb an

44、army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.”，可知我们被告知年轻人必须上大学，因为经济不会给一个18岁的未受过训练的人工作机会。但是令人沮丧的事实是，毕业生了解到社会也无法给受过大学教育的22岁的毕业生适合的工作机会。可判断出大学教育的问题部分来自于社会无法为受过良好训练的大学毕业生提供足够的工作机会。选项A符合题意。5.作者态度

45、题。根据文章最后一段，“This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.”，可知我们从小就被教育说接受一点教育是好的，接受的教育越多越好，这是有争议的。相反的证据也开始增多。可判断出作者认为对于高中毕业的年轻人来说，大学并非最好的、唯一的去处。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Some felt t

46、hat they were hurrying into an epoch of unprecedented enlightenment, in which better education and beneficial technology would （ ） wealth and leisure for all.问题1选项A.maintainB.ensureC.certifyD.console【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。maintain “维持，继续”；ensure “保证，确保”；certify “证明，保证”；console “安慰，慰藉”。句意：一些人认为他们正在匆忙进入一个前所未

47、有的启蒙时代，在这个时代，更好的教育和科技将确保所有人的财富和闲暇。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilizations every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism and gravitation: their effects can be measured and predicted but of their nature no more is kn

48、own to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard yellowish brown gum. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really” are. “Electricity”, Bertrand Russell says, “is not

49、a thing like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified we have told all there is to tell.” Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle for e

50、xample whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principal that everything in the universe has its proper place, henc

51、e one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because thats where they belong and smoke goes up because thats where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the

52、method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.1.The aim of controlled scientific experiment is （ ）.2.What principals most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?3.Bertrand Russells notion about electricity is （ ）.4.The passage says that until rec

53、ently scientists disagreed with the idea （ ）.5.Modem science came into being （ ）.问题1选项A.to explain why things happenB.to explain how things happenC.to describe self-evident principlesD.to support Aristotelian science问题2选项A.The influence of St. PaulsB.The forces of electricity magnetism and gravityC.

54、Aristotles natural scienceD.Galileos discoveries.问题3选项A.disapproved of by most modem scientistsB.in agreement with Aristotles theory of self-evident principlesC.in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how” things happenD.in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward

55、“why” things happen问题4选项A.that there are mysterious forces in the universeB.that man cannot discover what forces “really” areC.that there are self-evident principalsD.that we can discover why things behave as they do问题5选项A.when the method of controlled experiment was first introducedB.when Galileo s

56、ucceeded in explaining how things happenC.when Aristotelian scientists tried to explain why things happenD.when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen

57、and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.”，可知现代科学诞生于伽利略开始解释事物是如何发生的，并由此产生了控制实验的方法，这种方法现在构成了科学研究的基础。可判断出控制实验的方法目的在于解释事情是如何发生的。选项B符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章, “Aristotle for example whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thous

58、and years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles.”，可知以亚里士多德为例，他的自然科学主宰了西方两千年的思想，他相信人可以通过自明的原理进行推理来理解现实。可判断出两千多年来，对科学思想影响最大的原则是亚里士多德的自然科学。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章，“Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, is not a thing like St. Pauls Cathedral

59、; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified we have told all there is to tell.”，可知罗素对电的看法是：电不是一种物质，而是一种事物表现的方式，当我们解释了事物通电时的表现，以及在什么情况下通电时，我们已经解释了所有。可判断出罗素关于电的解释与科学调查的结果相一致，其目的是弄清事情是如何发生的。选项C符合题

60、意。4.推断题。文章提出随着人类文明探索的进步，人类无法解释一些神秘力量的本质，后面举了罗素的和亚里士多德的观点为例子，说明人类能够通过对原理进行推理，解释神秘力量的本质和事物为何发生。可判断出最近科学家才开始同意现代科学能够对科学中的神秘力量进行解释。选项B符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句，“Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now for

61、ms the basis of scientific investigation.”，可知现代科学诞生于伽利略开始解释事物是如何发生的，并由此产生了控制实验的方法，这种方法现在构成了科学研究的基础。可判断出当控制实验方法首次被引入时，现代科学诞生了。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题Governments today play an increasingly larger role in the （ ） of welfare, economics, and education.问题1选项A.scopesB.rangesC.ranksD.domains【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。scopes “范

62、围，领域”；ranges “量程，范围”；ranks “级别，排列”；domains “领域，域名”。句意：今天，政府在福利、经济和教育领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave （ ）something occurred which attracted my attention.问题1选项A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.while【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。be about to dowhen表示正准备做某事，某事就发生了。句意：我感到有点失望，正要离开时，发生了

63、一件事引起了我的注意。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Employees are （ ）to join the companys pension plan after a years service.问题1选项A.compelledB.acquiredC.respondedD.rejected【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。compel “强迫，迫使”；acquire “获得”；respond “回应”；reject “拒绝”。句意：雇员被强制要求在工作一年后，必须参加公司的养老金计划。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题Some felt that they were hurrying into an epoch of （ ）enlightenment,