2022年考博英语-山东大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第105期

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1、2022年考博英语-山东大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The Psychology of Warranties Protection RacketIf extended guarantees are overpriced, why are they so popular?CUSTOMERS tend to agonise over the relative merits of different models of electronic goods such as digital cameras or plasma televisions. But when they ge

2、t to the till, many spend freely on something they barely think about at all: an extended warranty, which is often more profitable to the retailer than the device it covers.Shoppers typically pay 10% -50% of the cost of a product to insure it beyond the term covered by the manufacturers guarantee. （

3、 1） Yet products rarely break within the period covered, and repairs tend to cost no more than the warranty itself. （ 2）So why, asks a paper published in the December issue of the Journal of Consumer Research, so many consumers still buy extended warranties? The authors Tao Chen of the University of

4、 Maryland, Ajay Kalra of Rice University and Baohong Sun of Carnegie Mellon University examined purchase data from a big electronics retailer for over 600 households from November 2003 to October 2004.（3 ）If a customer is about to buy something fun (i. e., a plasma television rather than a vacuum cl

5、eaner), he will be more inclined to splash out on extra insurance. This is because consumers value “hedonic” items over utilitarian ones, regardless of the actual price tag. （4 ） The study also found that poorer consumers are more likely to buy “potentially unnecessary and overpriced insurance”, bec

6、ause they are more worried about the expense of replacing a product if it breaks.（ 5） But although most policies go unused, he admits that the emotional tranquility that comes with buying a new warranty is not in itself without value, even if “rationally, it doesnt make sense”.问题1选项A.This is especia

7、lly true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the presen

8、t century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logicall

9、y depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.问题2选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected

10、bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power t

11、o alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr.

12、 Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.问题3选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The term

13、s of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumer

14、s are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they

15、generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.问题4选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of

16、fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded

17、that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers

18、, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.问题5选项A.This is especially true if the item is on sale, as finding an unexpected bargain leaves buyers feeling flush and pleased.B.The terms of these deals vary (and there is often a great deal of fine print), but they usually promise to repair or replace

19、 a faulty device for between one and four years.C.Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.D.This is because consumers are more likely to buy “hedonic” items.E.They concluded that the decision to buy a warranty had a great deal to do

20、 with a shoppers mood.F.The popularity of warranties should logically depend on the likelihood of a products failure, says Mr. Kalra.G.That makes warranties amazingly profitable: they generate over $ 16 billion annually for American retailers, according to Warranty Week, a trade journal.【答案】第1题:B第2题

21、:G第3题:E第4题:A第5题:F【解析】1. 根据上下文，空格前提到人们通常会支付一部分钱来延长保险期使其超过制造商的保修期，空格后提到维修费用不会超过保证书承诺的额度，选项B中the term和上文形成照应，对上文提到的制造商担保的保修期进行了进一步解释。句意：保险协议的条款各不相同（通常有很多细则），但他们通常承诺在一到四年里可以修复或更换有故障的设备，选项B符合题意。2. 根据上下文，空格处是第三段的最后一句，选项G是上文所描述的情况的结果，也就是保单之诈带来的结果，使保单业务利润惊人，而且本句也有点题的作用。选项G符合题意。3.根据上下文，空格上一段的开头so why提出疑问，为什么

22、有如此多的人还要购买保单呢？紧接着提到了一系列的调查数据，可推断空格应该是一个结果的呈现。选项E中they concluded that说明是调查的结果，句意：他们总结道：购买保修单的决定在很大程度上与购物者的心情有关。选项E符合题意。4. 根据上下文，空格上一句提到，重视享乐的人们更倾向于在保险上花钱，而不顾产品真实的价格标签。选项A中this is especially true对这个现象进行了进一步的解释，存在顺承关系。选项A符合题意。5. 根据空格后一句中he admits，可知空格中应该会出现一个人物，选项F提到了Mr. Kalra这个人名，并且空格后but表明转折关系，将会提到和下

23、文完全相反的情况，选项F提到保单受欢迎的程度从逻辑上说应该取决于产品出故障的可能性，空格后提到保单从理性上讲并没有意义。前后形成对比转折。选项F符合题意。2. 单选题Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this _ produces artificial cold surrounding it.问题1选项A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction【答案】A【解析】形近异义词辨析。absorption “吸收

24、”；transition“传送，过渡，传递”；consumption “消费，消耗”；interaction “相互作用”。句意：从固体变成液体，水要吸收周围所有物体的热量，这种吸收会导致周围环境变冷。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as a factor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would

25、 be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more we are together the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always f

26、ind medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds，catarrhs （黏膜炎）and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further,

27、 being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy （中风）. Thesudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause gre

28、at damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stoc

29、k was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while

30、 the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few modes except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave o

31、pportunities to the comic （滑稽的）press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second- and third-class carriages. He

32、made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from

33、 whose searching power there was no escape.1.All boys and girls in large families know that_.2.According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except_.3.According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but_.4.We may safely conclude tha

34、t_.5.What is the tone of this passage?问题1选项A.a boy and a girl usually fight when they are togetherB.people tend to be together more than they used to beC.a lot of people being together makes fights likelyD.railway leads the world to peace问题2选项A.the railway enables people to travel fastB.the railway

35、brings comfort to peopleC.the railway makes the world peacefulD.the railway leads the world to war as well问题3选项A.tunnels are dangerous to public healthB.the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect peoples nervesC.the rapid speed through the air does damage to peoples lungsD.to those with h

36、igh blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die问题4选项A.the author belongs to the anti-railway groupB.the author belongs to the for-railway groupC.the author speaks highly of the railwayD.the author may never take train because of its potential dangers问题5选项A.Practical.B.Satirical.C

37、.Humorous.D.Exaggerated.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“the more we are together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.”，可知男孩女孩们都知道，大家越是团结在一起，发生战争的机会就越大，选项C符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“None of them foresaw that the more we are toge

38、ther the more chances there are of war.”，可知没有人预见到铁路是发生战争机会越来越多的原因。选项D符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句，“would be most dangerous to public health”，可知火车对人体健康是最危险的。选项A可排除。根据文章第二段第三句，“The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire would have a bad effect on the nerves.”，可知噪音和眩光对人的神经有影响，选项B可排除。根据第二段第四句，“wou

39、ld do grave injury to delicate lungs.”，可知对人体肺部也有影响，选项C排除。选项D符合题意。 4.推断题。根据文章第一段，“They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies.”，可知人们没有预见铁路是敌军快速移动的一种方式，可推断出作者提出了火车的不好，表明了自己反对铁路的立场，所以他是反铁路组织的一员。选项A符合题意。 5.作者态度题。文章第二段提到了火车会对身体健康等各方面带来危害，

40、最后一段还举到了一位作家对火车描述的例子，可见作者是运用了讽刺的语气来描写的。选项B符合题意。 4. 单选题（ ）what has been said，it is unlike that population growth will be halted，either in the developed or in the undeveloped world.问题1选项A.In view ofB.On behalf ofC.For the sake ofD.With the exception of【答案】A【解析】介词词组解析。in view of “ 鉴于，考虑到”；on behalf of

41、“ 代表，为了”；for the sake of “由于，因为”；with the exception of “除了以外”。句意：考虑到他所说的，无论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家，人口增长似乎不会停止。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must _ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.问题1选项A.improveB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.g

42、ear【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。improve “改善”；enhance “加强”；guarantee “保证”；gear “开动，使合适”。句意：为了在国家激烈的贸易竞争中生存，我们必须使我们生产产品的数量和种类适合市场需求。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City _ shock and anger throughout the world.问题1选项A.temptedB.provokedC.summonedD.enveloped【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。tempted “引诱”；prov

43、oked “激起”；summoned “召集”；enveloped “包围”。句意：纽约双子塔的毁坏在全世界激起了震惊和愤怒。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be _， and therefore _ external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.问题1选项A.learned. immune toB.innate.

44、unaffected byC.intricate. belong toD.specific. confused with【答案】B【解析】形容词词义和动词词组解析。learned “有学问的”；innate “与生俱来的”；intricate “复杂的，错综的”；specific “明确的，详细的”。immune to “不受影响的”；unaffected by “不受影响的”；belong to “属于”；confused with “对困惑”。句意：一些动物的行为，比如交配行为，似乎是与生俱来的，不受外来因素影响的，比如气候变化，食物供给或者同一物种其他动物的存在。选项B符合题意。8. 单

45、选题To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed _ and means of packing.问题1选项A.specimensB.inspectionsC.samplesD.specifications【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。specification “规格，规范”；specimen “范例；样品，样本”；inspection “检查”；sample “样品，例子”。句意：为了使你对我

46、们的产品有个大致的了解，随函寄上我们各种产品的目录，包括详细的规格介绍和包装方式。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be _ to tourist spending?问题1选项A.attributedB.appliedC.contributedD.attached【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。attributed to “归因于”；applied to “应用于”；contributed to “有助于”；attached to “附属于”。句意：在度

47、假胜地或附近，商店销售额中有多大的比例可以归因于旅游消费？选项A符合题意。10. 单选题Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th _ the birth of Jesus Christ.问题1选项A.in accordance withB.in terms ofC.in favor ofD.in honor of【答案】D【解析】介词词组辨析。in accordance with “根据”；in terms of “就而言”；in favor of “喜欢”；in honor of “纪念；招待”

48、。句意：12月25日圣诞节是基督教的一个神圣的日子，为了纪念耶稣的出生。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题When traveling, you are advised to take travelers, checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash.问题1选项A.substituteB.selectionC.inferenceD.alternative【答案】D【解析】名词词义辨析。substitute “代替品”；selection “选择”；inference “推断”；alternative “供替代的选择

49、”。句意：旅行时，建议你带上旅行支票，这是对携带现金的一种可供选择的安全保证。选项D符合题意。12. 写作题As the society develops, interpersonal relationships are getting more and more indifferent. Please make comment on the phenomena.【答案】It seems very ridiculous that people living so near dont know each other for such a long time. However, the condi

50、tion is performed everywhere. It is the exact reflection of interpersonal relationships in the modem world where most people live in apartments. They close their doors and never go out as soon as they get home from work. If they live alone, they will kill their time by watching TV or reading magazin

51、es. They don t have any connections even with their closest neighbors，who seem no different from people they meet every day in the street.This phenomenon is neither good to us, nor to our society. People will feel lonely and become more and more indifferent so that interpersonal relationships are no

52、t harmonious. Interpersonal communication is very important to us. Firstly, it is essential for our physical well-being. Lack of communication shows a wide range of medical hazards. Socially isolated people are found to be two or three times more likely to suffer from poor health than those with str

53、ong social ties. Steady interpersonal communication contributes to the longevity of our lives. Secondly, interpersonal communication enables us to have a sense of our identity. Deprived of communication with others, we can hardly have a clear idea of identity. Our sense of identity comes from the wa

54、y we interact with other people. We decide what we are like based on how others react to us. In our life we need to feel a sense of belonging to some personal relationship. We need to influence others and feel some sense of power over our world, and to care for others and know that they care for us,

55、 thus to have a sense of affection and friendship. Lastly, interpersonal communication is the means of important information in every respect, which makes us well informed and helps us to grow.To sum up, interpersonal communication is just as necessary as water and air to us in our work and life. We

56、 should pay great attention to the amount of interpersonal communication as well as to the ways of doing it. Proper and skillful interpersonal communication will satisfy our physical needs, psychological needs, social needs and practical needs.13. 单选题Henrys news report covering the conference was so

57、（ ）that nothing had been omitted.问题1选项A.comprehensiveB.comprehensibleC.understandingD.understandable【答案】A【解析】近义形容词词义辨析。comprehensive “完全的，无所不包的”；comprehensible “能懂的，可以理解的”；understandable “（行为）可以理解的”；understanding“善于理解的”。句意：亨利对于这个会议的报道是相当全面的，没有什么漏掉的信息。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题Because Jenkins neither _ nor defe

58、nds either management or the striking workers, both aides admire his journalistic_.问题1选项A.criticizes. acumenB.attacks.neutralityC.confronts.aptitudeD.dismisses.flair【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。criticize “批评，评论”；attack “攻击，抨击”；confront “面对，遭遇”；dismiss “解散，解雇”。acumen “聪明，敏锐”；neutrality “中立”；aptitude “天资”；flair “资

59、质”。句意：因为詹金斯对于管理层和罢工工人既不批评也不为之辩护，两个助手都很佩服他的新闻敏锐感。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to _ wonderful bargains in the market.问题1选项A.pick upB.bump intoC.pile upD.bring back【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。pick up“买到，获得”；bump into “无意中遇到，碰到”；pile up “积累，堆放起来”；bring back “拿回来”

60、。句意：有些人喜欢在星期天购物，因为他们期待买到市场上物美价廉的便宜货。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题We maintain a reflexive, （ ） affection for Uncle Ralph, the boring fellow with interminable stories of a time we never knew.问题1选项A.hatefulB.distancedC.lovingD.glaring【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。hateful “可恨的”；distanced “距离远的”；loving “忠诚的”；glaring “耀眼的，瞪视的”。句意：我

61、们对Ralph叔叔有一种反射式的疏远式的喜爱，这个无聊的家伙一次性没完没了地讲了很多我们不知道的故事。选项B符合题意。17. 单选题The boy was very naughty, his mother（ ）punishment to make him obey.问题1选项A.took advantageB.made useC.resorted toD.turned for【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。took advantage “利用”，与of搭配; made use “利用”，与of搭配; resorted to “ 诉诸”；turned for “逆转，转变”。句意：这个男孩很顽皮

62、，他的妈妈诉诸于惩罚使他听话。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题Too much（ ）to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.问题1选项A.exposureB.disclosureC.contactD.connection【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。exposure to “暴露于”；disclosure “揭发”；contact “接触”；connection “联系”。句意：过多暴露在X射线下对皮肤有伤害，也可能导致癌症或者其他伤害。选项A符合题意。19. 单选题Since the authors unflattering references to her fr