2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第174期

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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee.Efforts were made to find the

2、cause of the consumers seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation researchs classic studies, one often cited in the trade. Ma

3、son Haire, of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, baking powder, bread, canned peaches and potatoes, with the brands of amounts specified. The seventh item, in the fifth p

4、lace on both lists, read “1 lb. Maxwell House coffee” on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee” on the other. One list was given to each person in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, as

5、far as they could, the kind of woman (“personality and character”) who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the h

6、ousewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy; only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular c

7、offee.1.The fact that producers found resistance to their product despite the fact that they spent more advertising money on instant than regular coffee shows that （ ）.2.In this instance, the purpose of motivation research was to discover（ ）.3.This investigation indicated that（ ）.4.On the results of

8、 this test, the producers probably revised their advertising to show a（ ）.5.Implied but not stated:（ ）.问题1选项A.advertising does not assure favorable sales resultB.companies spent more money on advertising than they shouldC.people pay little attention to advertisingD.the more one advertises the better

9、 the sales picture问题2选项A.why people drink coffeeB.why instant coffee did not taste goodC.why regular coffee was successfulD.the real reason why people would not buy instant coffee问题3选项A.50 percent of housewives are lazyB.housewives who use instant coffee are lazyC.many women believe that wives who u

10、se instant coffee are lazyD.wives who use regular coffee are good planners问题4选项A.lazy housewife using regular coffeeB.hard working housewife using instant coffeeC.lazy housewife using instant coffeeD.man obviously enjoying the taste of instant coffee问题5选项A.Despite its advantages, most people dislike

11、d instant coffee because of its tasteB.The advertising expenditure for instant coffee was greater than that for regular coffeeC.Very often we do not know the real reasons for doing thingsD.Taste is the principal factor in determining what we buy【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“尽管在速溶咖啡上

12、花了比普通咖啡更多的广告费，但是生产商发现这种商品受到了消费者的抵制，这说明”生厂商为他们的即冲咖啡做了大量广告然而却没能得到消费者的认可，可以得出并不是所有的广告都能起到预期效果，所以A选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在这个例子中，动机研究的目的是为了发现”。文章第二段第三句提到“生产商怀疑有更深层的原因”（The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however），由此可以得出这项调查是为了找出为什么消费者不接受即冲咖啡这个产品。选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“这项调查表明”。文章最后一段提

13、到家庭主妇认为买速溶咖啡证明这个人非常懒惰，不是一个好妻子（Eight women felt that the instant coffee user was probably not a good wife），选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据这次试验的结果，生厂商有可能修改广告的内容，这表明”。调查结果表明人们不买速溶咖啡的原因是它暗示家庭主妇懒惰或者不会精明持家，所以生产商应该在转变这种暗示上花功夫。选项B符合题意。5.判断推理题。题目问的是“文章暗示但没有说明”。文章提到消费者不愿意买速溶咖啡是因为这种咖啡味道不好，却忽略了更为深层的含义：只有懒惰的家庭主妇才会买这种咖啡

14、。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.”In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-

15、cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the

16、country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existednatural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling. What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, mar

17、keting soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessa

18、ry. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially heated house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while

19、its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum.1.In the 2ndparagraph, the statement “In my fridgeless fift

20、ies childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” suggest that（ ）.2.Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?4.Which of the following phrases in the last paragraph indicates the fridges negative effect

21、on the environment?5.What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges?问题1选项A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB.the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fifties.C.there was no fridge in the authors home in the 1950s.D.the fridge was in its ea

22、rly stage of development in the 1950s.问题2选项A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.问题3选项A.Inventors.B.Consumers.C.Manufacturers.

23、D.Traveling salesmen.问题4选项A.Hum away continuouslyB.Climatically almost unnecessary.C.Artificially-cooled space.D.With mild temperatures.问题5选项A.NeutralB.CriticalC.ObjectiveD.Compromising【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“第二段中，我的童年没有冰箱，但我吃得不错并且很健康意味着”。文章第二段提到了没有冰箱的那几十年，作者吃得很好，也很健康，送牛奶的人每天都

24、来，食品商、屠夫、面包师傅等一周来两三次，东西没有被浪费，也没有变质（Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food），因此选项A符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者为什么说在冰箱发明之前没有任何东西被浪费”。文章第二段提到了没有冰箱的那几十年，作者吃得很好，也很健康，送牛奶的人每天都来，食品商、屠夫、面包师傅等一周来两三次。肉可以从星期日吃到星期三，剩余的面包和牛奶变成了各种小蛋糕。东西没有被浪费，也没有变质。由此可知在冰箱发明之前人们掌握了怎样处理剩余食物的方法，选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“在

25、作者看来，哪类人从冰箱的发明中受益最少”。文章第三段提到冰箱的发明并没有对食物的保存起太大作用（The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation），真正的作用是促进了市场营销，硬件、电力、各种饮料、肉类等等，由此可知从中获益最少的是消费者，选项B符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪句话表明了冰箱对于环境的危害”。文章最后一段提到“冰箱对环境的影响是显而易见的，但是它对人类幸福的贡献却微不足道你可能会想念汉堡包，但至少你能摆脱那可怕的嗡嗡声”（The i

26、nvention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation），由此可知选项A“持续不断的噪音”符合题意。5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对冰箱的态度”。文章第二段作者提及自己亲身经历：没有冰箱吃得很好并且很健康。接着又谈到了冰箱的发明并没有对食物的保存起很大作用，并且认为很多地方是不需要冰箱的，由此可知作者对冰箱是持批判态度的。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Our heritage and our culture have caused most Americans to assu

27、me not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving goodbye is the way to summon a Filipino to ones side, or that in Italy curling the finger in a beckoning motion is a gesture of farewell.Those Private citizens who sent p

28、ackages to our troops occupying Germany after W.W. II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that GIFT means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arms length away from others. Latins and Middle

29、Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic and cultural nearsightedness and the casualness with which we take noticewhen we do-of the developed tastes, mannerisms, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect

30、in the world.Even here in the U.S, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guide tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations and multilingual bank clerks and po

31、licemen are rare.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives, usually the more affluentwho speak English. Our business, as well as the nations diplomacy, dealings are conducted through interpreters

32、.For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the world, the dispenser of the needed funds and commodities, the peacemaker, the “top banana” in the global cast. But all that is past. We are sl

33、owly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing.1.When the author uses “nearsightedness”，he is talking（ ）.2.The passage informs us that ?3.We can infer from the passage that（ ）.4.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the author?5.The author is most probab

34、ly（ ）by nationality.问题1选项A.metaphoricallyB.ironicallyC.humorouslyD.sarcastically问题2选项A.Americans do not understand their own heritage and culture wellB.the author does not mind Americans, cultural blindnessC.Americans pay little attention to foreign customs and languagesD.America has no problems in

35、the world because its the most powerful country问题3选项A.America is becoming a warlike countryB.the American role in the world is no longer properC.America will become the most powerful again if it starts to learn foreign customsD.America shouldnt remain blind and ignorant with respect to other nations

36、 cultures问题4选项A.Some American citizens sent poisons as gifts to Germany after W.W.II.B.A Filipino will probably approach an American who waves bye-bye.C.It may be unfriendly to Latins to keep more than 3 feet away from them.D.Italians use the finger motions to express bye-bye.问题5选项A.an ItalianB.an A

37、mericanC.a FilipinoD.a German【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者使用目光短浅时，她正在说”。文章第三段提到“我们在语言和文化上的近视眼以及不注意去留意他国的爱好，习惯，习俗和语言正让我们在世界上失去朋友，业务及尊重”（Our linguistic and cultural nearsightedness and the casualness with which we take noticewhen we do-of the developed tastes, mannerisms, customs a

38、nd languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world），选项A“比喻地”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章告诉我们”。文章第三段提到“我们在语言和文化上的近视眼以及不注意去留意他国的爱好，习惯，习俗和语言正让我们在世界上失去朋友，业务及尊重”（Our linguistic and cultural nearsightedness and the casualness with which we take noticewhen we do-of the devel

39、oped tastes, mannerisms, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world），说明美国人不注重别国的习俗，选项C符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“我们能从文章中得出”文章最后一段提到过去美国人习惯忽视他国的语言和文化，因为那个时候美国很强大。但是已经是过去时了，我们应该意识到我们在世界上的独特作用正在改变（But all that is past. We are slowly beginning to realize t

40、hat our proper role in the world is changing），说明现在美国不应该像以前那样忽视他国的语言和文化，选项D“美国人不应该忽视他国的文化”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据作者的描述，下列哪项陈述是不真实的”。文章第二段提到“给二战后占领德国的美国军队寄送包裹的美国人为了避税而在包裹上标示GIFT”，而不愿麻烦去发现GIFT在德语中是“毒药”的意思（Those Private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after W.W. II and marked th

41、em GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that GIFT means poison in German），由此可知选项A的描述是不真实的，是美国人为了避税错把GIFT（毒药）当GIFT（礼物），符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者可能是哪个国家的人”。文章使用的是第一人称，文章多次用“our heritage and our culture”或者 “we are slowly beginning to realize”可以推测作者最有可能是美国人。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题During the 1992 p

42、residential campaign a new media star emerged-Virginia Kelley, the mother of candidate Clinton, who died of breast cancer this past January. It was she who created the Clinton lore; throughout the campaign she told how 14-year-old Bill had stood up to his drunken, abusive stepfather one night to pro

43、tect Virginia and his little brother. She also told with great effective how young Clinton had come back home with stars in his eyes after meeting JFK at Boys Nation in Washington. She knew then, she said, that he would go into public service. She also created her own lore-four husbands, an up-and-d

44、own nursing career, and her passion for makeup (she even wore it to bed in case she got a call from the hospital in the middle of the night). She simply won the public over with her candor and lack of pretense.Now these oft-told are told again in Leading With My Heart, by Virginia Kelley with James

45、Morgan.Not surprisingly, the stories feel familiar here, especially since the book arrives just a few months after a batter of obituaries of Mrs. Kelley. But the book has another problem: as is often the case with co-written memoirs, it feels inauthentic. Written in a prosaic, colorless style, this

46、doesnt sound the way we imagine Mrs. Kelley talked. There are no Southern locutions, and the grammar is impeccable. Where are the spicy stories or the occasional “damn” or “hell”？Coke-bottle glasses: Anyone approaching this celebrity book with an eye for gossip will also be disappointed. What feels

47、fresh, though, is Mrs. Kelleys descriptions of her shock at meeting Hillary Rodham when Bill brought her home from Yale Law School. The young woman wore Coke-bottle Glasses, no makeup and had perfectly hair-nothing like the Dixie beauty queens that Clinton usually dated. She was also a blunt Yankee,

48、 and not adept at Southern blarney. “There was almost a kind of cultural tension between Mother and Hillary.” said Clinton. “I guess thats as good a way to put it as any.” replies his mother. But there was no going back: “I want you to pray for me. Pray that its I Hilary. Because Ill tell you this:

49、for me its Hillary or its nobody,” he told his unhappy mother. “I couldnt stand it，” she writes. “Here was this woman 1 didnt understand, didnt feel comfortable with. And she was all he wanted.”Theres a lot thats moving about Mrs. Kelleys story, partly because of the way she handles her final illnes

50、s. “You cant tell my sons about my condition,” she tells her shocked doctor. She may have had a disaffected mother and a parade of mostly bad marriages. But in the last year of her life, she also had a memory granted to few parents-the thrill of attending her sons Inauguration and the gala that nigh

51、t. “What a night it had been” she wrote. -a magical evening.”1.Virginia Kelly might be best characterized as（ ）.2.Virginia Kelly believed her son was motivated to go into public service by his （ ）.3.The “book arrives just a few months after a battery of obituaries The underlined words suggest that-K

52、elleys death was（ ）.4.According to the reviewer, the style of Leading With My Hear is（ ）.5.Hillary differed from Clintons former dates primarily in（ ）.问题1选项A.genuineB.moroseC.pitiableD.elitist问题2选项A.difficult childhoodB.meeting with President KennedyC.law studies at YaleD.desire to change the world问

53、题3选项A.honored with artillery fireB.mourned nationwideC.marked by numerous death noticesD.ignored by the press问题4选项A.vivid and interestingB.refined but southernC.monotonous and blandD.earthy but incredible问题5选项A.being educated as a lawyerB.wearing stylish glassesC.being indifferent to her appearanceD

54、.being a direct northerner【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“Virginia Kelley的性格能被最好地定义为”。文章第一段最后一句提到“她的坦率和不装腔作势赢得了大众的信任”（She simply won the public over with her candor and lack of pretense），因此选项A“真诚的”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“Kelley认为她的儿子是受他的激励而加入公共事务”。文章第一段第二至第四句提到了克林顿勇敢面对他醉酒并虐待他们的继父，Kelley在认识

55、克林顿之后认为他会从事公共事务（She knew then, she said, that he would go into public service），由此可推测克林顿是想改变世界，因此选项D符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“这里划线的句子（书是在她的一连串的讣告登出几个月之后才出版的）暗示凯丽夫人的逝世”。由这里的“book arrives just a few months”（几个月后），说明出版社忽视了凯丽夫人的死。选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“评论员认为Leading With My Hear的风格是”。文章第二段第三句提到“但是这本书有个问题：由于是合著回忆录

56、，所以感觉不真实”（But the book has another problem: as is often the case with co-written memoirs, it feels inauthentic），因此选项D“朴实但不可信”符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“希拉里跟克林顿先前的约会对象的主要区别在于”。文章第三段提到“这位年轻女士戴着可乐瓶眼睛，没有化妆，发型完美一点也不像克林顿经常约会的迪克西美女女王们”（The young woman wore Coke-bottle Glasses, no makeup and had perfectly hair-noth

57、ing like the Dixie beauty queens that Clinton usually dated），因此选项C“不注重外表”符合题意。5. 单选题Mr. Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his window on the cheerless evening landscape. The river lay quiet besides the empty distillery and from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan

58、Road. What an end! The whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. The cautious words of a reporter won over to conceal the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stomach. Not merely had she degraded hersel

59、f; she had degraded him. His souls companion! He thought of the hobbling wretches whom he had seen carrying cans and bottles to be filled by the barman. Just God, what an end! Evidently she had been unfit to live with, without any strength of purpose, an easy prey to habits, one of the wrecks on whi

60、ch civilization has been reared. But that she could have sunk so low! Was it possible he had deceived himself so utterly about her? He remembered her outburst of that flight and interpreted it in a harsher sense that he had ever done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.

61、As the light failed and his memory began to wander, he thought her hand touched his. The shock which had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his nerves. He put on his overcoat and hat quickly and went out. The cold air met him on the threshold; it crept into the sleeves of his coat. When he

62、 came to the public house at Chapel Bridge he went in and ordered a hot punch.The proprietor served him obsequiously but did not venture to talk. There were five or six workingmen in the shop discussing the value of a gentlemans estate in County Kildare. They drank at intervals from their huge pint

63、tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots. Mr. Duffy sat on his stool and gazed at them, without seeing or hearing them. After a while, they went out and he called for another punch. He sat a long time over it. The shop was very quiet. The proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the newspaper and yawning. Now and again a team was heard swishing along the lonely road outside.As he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images on which he now conceived her, he r