2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第126期

《2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第126期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第126期（21页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical（ ）.问题1选项A.obligationsB.regulationsC.observationsD.considerations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项obligations“义务，债务”；B选项regulations“条例，规程”；C选项observations“观察，观察值”；D选项consideration

2、s“考虑，注意事项”。句意：虽然建筑具有艺术性，但它也必须满足一些重要的实际_。本句表达的意思是，虽然具有艺术性，但是还是要满足一些重要的实际注意事项。因此D选项符合题意。2. 单选题People under a lot of（ ） may experience headaches, minor pains and sleeping difficulties.问题1选项A.stressB.exposureC.enduranceD.endeavor【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项stress“压力”；B选项exposure“曝光”；C选项endurance“忍耐力”；D选项endeavor

3、“努力，尽力”。句意：（ ）大的人可能会经历头痛、轻微疼痛和睡眠困难。原句要表达的意思是“压力大的人会头痛”，因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题W. Somerset Maugham afterwards walked the wards of St. Thomass Hospital（ ）practicing in medicine.问题1选项A.with a view toB.with regards toC.with the aim atD.with the object for【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项with a view to“着眼于，考虑到，意在，以为目的”，表示会尽力

4、去完成自己所追求的这件事；B选项with regards to“关于，至于”；C选项with the aim at“为了”，aim常指短期内的目标，往往比较具体、实际、明确，不是理想性的，努力程度一般；D选项with the object for“目的是”，object常指比较明确具体的单个目标，往往出于直接的需要和愿望，没有明确表明是否会尽力。句意：后来，W.萨默塞特毛姆走进圣托马斯医院的病房，（ ）行医。而毛姆是想要迫切做好这件事的，因此A选项符合题意。4. 单选题British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that

5、guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N. sanction.问题1选项A.alliesB.delegatesC.votersD.juries【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“同盟，同盟国”；B选项“代表，委派”；C选项“选民”；D选项“陪审团，评委会”；题干中electorate“选民，选区”，句意：英国首相布莱尔向选民承诺，如果不试图赢得联合国的进一步制裁，就不会开枪。因此C选项符合题意。5. 单选题He claims that advertising today tends to portray

6、women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.问题1选项A.depictB.advocateC.criticizeD.analyze【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“描述，描写”；B选项“呼吁，提倡”；C选项“批评”；D选项“分析”；题干中portray“描述，描画”，句意：他声称，如今的广告倾向于塑造女性扮演传统角色，比如做饭或照顾孩子。因此A选项符合题意。6. 单选题Their refusal to compromise is a major（ ）that stands in the way

7、 of further peace talks.问题1选项A.obstacleB.complicationC.entityD.hazard【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项obstacle“障碍”；B选项complication“并发症，复杂”；C选项entity“实体，存在”；D选项hazard“危险，风险”。句意：他们拒绝妥协是进一步和谈的主要（ ）。既然他们拒绝妥协，那么应该就是进一步发展的“障碍”，因此A选项符合题意。7. 单选题Cancellation of the flight（ ）many passengers to spend the night at the airpor

8、t.问题1选项A.resultedB.obligedC.demandedD.recommended【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resulted“结果；导致”，B选项obliged“迫使；强制；赐”，C选项demanded“强烈要求；需要”，D选项recommended“推荐，介绍；劝告”，根据题意可知：旅客们由于航班取消不得不在机场过夜，B选项oblige有“被迫；事实逼迫人不得不”的含义，因此B选项符合题意。8. 单选题Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being rap

9、ed or wanton violence against civilians in the region.问题1选项A.intriguingB.exasperatingC.demonstrativeD.unprovoked【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“有趣的，迷人的”；B选项“使人恼怒的，惹人生气的”；C选项“指示的，证明的”；D选项“无缘无故的，未受挑衅的”；题干中wanton“无节制的，荒唐的”，句意：尽管他们的生活方式是斯巴达式的、孤立的，但在该地区没有妇女被强奸或对平民恣意暴力的故事。根据题干原意可知，D选项与原文意思最接近，符合题意。9. 单选题The Home Sec

10、retary has been asked to（ ）because the Union leaders and their employers cannot agree on a course of action.问题1选项A.meditateB.negotiateC.interveneD.reconcile【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项meditate“考虑，计划”；B选项negotiate“谈判，商谈”；C选项intervene“干涉，调停”；D选项reconcile“调停，调解”。句意：内务大臣已被要求进行（ ），因为工会领导人和他们的雇主无法就行动方案达成一致。本句表达的

11、含义是“内务大臣被要求进行干预”，因此C选项符合题意。10. 单选题The consumer（ ）in recent years has led to an explosion of shopping center development in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Canton.问题1选项A.boomB.pressureC.summitD.volume【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项boom“繁荣，迅速发展”；B选项pressure“迫使，密封”；C选项summit“顶峰，顶点”；D选项volume“成团卷起”。句意：近几年的消费（

12、 ）促使北京、上海和广州这样的大城市中的购物中心快速地发展起来。这里的意思是“消费的繁荣使得购物中心发展”，因此A选项符合题意。11. 单选题Build the Birds Nest calls for giant curving beams which crisscross in an（ ）pattern of woven steel.问题1选项A.intuitiveB.intensiveC.intrinsicD.intricate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项intuitive“直觉的，凭直觉获知的”；B选项intensive“加强的，集中的”；C选项intrinsic“本质的，

13、固有的”；D选项intricate“复杂的，错综的”。句意：建造鸟巢需要巨大的弯曲梁，它们交错成_的编织钢结构。这里表达的意思是“交错成复杂的编织钢结构”，因此D选项符合题意。12. 单选题In todays working world the roles of men and women are becoming（ ）.问题1选项A.dwarfedB.incorporatedC.correlatedD.blurred【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dwarfed“矮小的”；B选项incorporated“合并的”；C选项correlated“有互相关系的”；D选项blurred“模糊

14、的，记不清的”。句意：在当今的工作世界中，男性和女性的角色正变得越来越（ ）。按照选项和题干的意思，可以判断出此处想要表达的意思是“男性角色和女性角色的（边界）变得越来越模糊。”因此D选项符合题意。13. 单选题Why should you think about in trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good a

15、t mathematics can use that in an engineering career. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a

16、job, they may have indirect value. Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, thi

17、nk what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career y

18、ou see from the inside in a part-time job.Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school rec

19、ord, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.1.Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph?2.The writer thinks that for a student to

20、 have a part-time job is probably（ ）.3.According to the passage, if a students school record is not good, he（ ）.4.Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for job hunting?5.The whole passage centers on（ ）.问题1选项A.The importance of doing well at school.B.Using school performance to help to ch

21、oose a career.C.The importance of being good at all subjects.D.The indirect value of schoolwork.问题2选项A.a waste of time that could have been spent on studyB.useful for his future workC.a good way to earn extra moneyD.a good way to find out his weak points问题3选项A.will be a complete failure in his futur

22、e workB.will not be able to find a suitable jobC.will regret not having worked harder at schoolD.may do well in his future work问题4选项A.Mathematics.B.English.C.Technical Drawing.D.History.问题5选项A.choosing a career according to what one is skilled inB.acquiring knowledge by working hard at schoolC.findi

23、ng ones strong and weak pointsD.developing ones abilities useful in school work【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.归纳概括题。根据题干定位到第一段，第一段讲的就是人们可以在学校的功课中找到自己擅长的科目，并且将它未来直接或间接应用到具体的职业生涯中。Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value.（虽然不是所有的科目都可以直接使用在工作中，它们可能有间接的价值

24、。）因此D选项“学校功课的间接价值”正确。A、B、C都只是片面观点，并不能总结全段。2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers.（如果你在周六或夏天有一份兼职工作，想想你从中得

25、到了什么。如果没有别的，你可能已经学会了如何按时上班，如何听从指示，以及如何与年长的员工相处。）这些都是说的未来工作时可能用到的地方，因此B选项“对他将来的工作很有用”正确。A选项“浪费了本可以花在学习上的时间”这一点原文没有提及；C选项“赚外快的好方法”，原文也没有提及；D选项“这是找出他弱点的好办法”，这个也是原文没有描述的。3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第一段Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You shou

26、ld not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.（例如，你的学习成绩可能不是很好，但它是你背景的重要组成部分。你不应该为此感到抱歉，而是要认识到你将有一个重新开始工作的机会。）根据句意可以看出D选项“可能会在未来的工作中表现出色”正确。A选项“他将来的工作会彻底失败”；B选项“不能找到一份合适的工作”；C选项“会后悔在学校没有更努力学习”是原文没有提到的。4.事实细节题。根据题干可以定位到第一段Knowledge of history

27、 is not required for most jobs（大多数工作都不要求有历史知识）。因此D选项“历史学科”正确。A选项“数学”；B选项“英语”；C选项“技术制图”都不是对工作没用的。5.主旨大意题。题干问的是全文的中心，立足于全文来看都是在说学校里做的不好也会获得收货以及Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself（面对你的弱点也是了解你自己的一部分），全文的段首还说到You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show

28、 strengths that you can use in your work.（你可能在某些科目上比其他科目更擅长。这些可以显示出你在工作中可以用得上的优点。）也就是说要按照自己的优势去找工作，因此A选项“根据自己的技能选择职业”正确。B选项“通过在学校努力学习获得知识”；C选项“找到自己的长处和短处”；D选项“培养对学校工作有用的能力”都是片面的信息。14. 单选题The old couple decided to（ ）a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.问题1选项A.adaptB.bringC.rec

29、eiveD.adopt【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapt“使适应；改编”，B选项bring“带来；拿来”，C选项receive“接受”，D选项adopt“采取；接受；收养”；题干为：这对年迈的父母决定去（ ）一个男孩和一个女孩，即使他们已经有了三个自己的孩子。因此根据逻辑我们知道他们是“领养”孩子，因此D选项符合题意。15. 单选题The teachers and parents agree that it is a hint of what might be expected from（ ）generations.问题1选项A.superbB.subsequentC.supre

30、meD.subordinate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项superb“极好的，华丽的”；B选项subsequent“随后的”；C选项supreme“最高的，至高的”；D选项subordinate“从属的，隶属的”。句意：老师和家长都认为这是对（ ）代的期望。这里表达的句意是对subsequent generations“后代的期望”，因此B选项符合题意。16. 单选题You must face the fact that in your inmost heart you hate the thought of moving. It is easiest not to leave

31、the rooms where your children passed through their wonderful childhood and annoying teens to a friendly but slightly distant community suddenly.Until, suddenly one day, the distance is absolute and they are grown up and gone. Then you find yourself living in too large a house, which consumes in its

32、maintenance too much energy and money. When we found ourselves in this situation a few years ago, we determined to move while we still had the strength and before the emotional tentacles（触角）that the old house had wrapped around us became too powerful to be broken. Move while you can! But be sure you

33、 really want to, and do not move too often. It is an exhausting process.Your first task is to find a house that will suit you. It must be smaller, quieter, easier to run, and more conveniently placed for transport. Not so small, though, that it will not elegantly accommodate your largest pieces of f

34、urniture, and located not too far from the neighborhood where so many friendships have been built up.At last we found one: a late Victorian cottage, in a street where the houses, all small, range from late 18th to mid 20th century. It was near enough to where we wanted to live. It had no basement, w

35、hich was a great convenience for aging legs. There were only two floors above ground level: one for ourselves and one where friends, children, and grandchildren could spread themselves when they came to stay. Each floor had two rooms. There was a kitchen on the ground floor, with the bathroom above

36、it.1.The passage concerns buying（ ）.2.The passage implies that grown-up children are（ ）.3.The author decided to move（ ）.4.The author advises people in his own situation（ ）.5.According to the passage, their new house had（ ）.问题1选项A.a house for a newly married coupleB.a large house for a growing family

37、C.a better house when people have more money to investD.a smaller house for older people whose children have left home问题2选项A.more friendly to their parents when they are grown upB.distant from their parentsC.friendly but not very closeD.annoying问题3选项A.when their house gave them too much work and cos

38、t too much to runB.when they grew tired of their houseC.when they suddenly got the strength to do soD.before the house collapsed问题4选项A.to move into a very small houseB.to move somewhere where the largest possible pieces of furniture will fitC.not to move too far from the main roadD.to choose somewhe

39、re not so noisy问题5选项A.two floorsB.three floorsC.four floorsD.two bathrooms【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。题干问：这篇文章提到买（ ）。D选项“为一个孩子离家的老人买一栋小房子”，定位到倒数第二段，第二句It must be smaller, quieter, easier to run, and more conveniently placed for transport. （它必须更小，更安静，更容易运行，更方便运输。）我们可以看出来这个房子应该是很小的，并且是给老人

40、住的，因此答案是D。A选项“为一对新人买房子”，B选项“为一个不断壮大的家庭买一个大房子”，C选项“当人们有更多资金时买一栋更好的房子”。2.判断推理题。题干问：文章暗示长大的孩子会（ ）。C选项“更加友好但是不那么亲近”，答案定位到第一段where your children passed through their wonderful childhood and annoying teens to a friendly but slightly distant community suddenly.（在这里，你的孩子在一个友好但有点疏远的社区里度过了美好的童年和令人讨厌的少年。）我们可以得

41、出，孩子长大后变得更友好，但是也和父母有了距离，因此答案为C。A选项“在他们长大之后对他们的父母更好”，B选项“和父母会产生距离”，D选项“烦人的”。3.事实细节题。题干问：作者决定搬家（ ）。A选项“当他们的房子带给他们太多的家务并且需要花费很多去打理”，根据题干我们定位到第二段a house, which consumes in its maintenance too much energy and money. （它消耗了太多的精力和金钱来维护。）因此答案为A。B选项“当他们厌倦了他们现在的房子”，C选项“当他们突然有能力去搬家了”，D选项“在房子倒塌之前”。4.事实细节题。题干问：作者

42、建议处于像他这种情况的人（ ）。B选项“搬到能装下最大家具的地方”，定位到第三段Not so small, though, that it will not elegantly accommodate your largest pieces of furniture（不过也不是太小，不能很好地摆放你最大的家具），因此作者建议这样人们搬到一个能放得下自己最大家具的房子，不一定要很小，答案为B。A选项“搬进去一个非常小的房子”，C选项“不要搬到离主路太远的地方”，D选项“选一个不那么吵的地方”。5.事实细节题。题干问：根据原文，这个新房子有（ ）。A选项“两层”，定位到最后一段There were

43、 only two floors above ground level（只有地上两层），我们可以得出这个房子只有两层；There was a kitchen on the ground floor, with the bathroom above it.（一楼有一间厨房，上面是浴室。）通过最后一句话我们可以得出，只有一个洗手间，因此答案为A。B选项“三层”，C选项“四层”，D选项“两个卫生间”。17. 单选题Because of fathers poor circumstances, my uncle（ ）my education.问题1选项A.financesB.maintainsC.sup

44、pliesD.affords【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项finances“负担经费，供给经费”；B选项maintains“维持，保持”；C选项supplies“供应，提供”；D选项affords“买得起，提供”。句意：由于父亲的贫苦处境，我叔叔（ ）了我的教育。可以看出因为父亲的条件不好，所以是叔叔“资助了我的学习”，因此A选项符合题意。18. 填空题Throughout the past century humanity did everything in its power to control nature. We dammed earths rivers, chopped d

45、own the forests and exhausted the soils. Burning up fuels, we pumped a great deal of greenhouse gases into the air, altering the chemistry of the atmosphere and warming the planet in just a few decades. And as our population began the year 2000 above the 6 billion mark, still spreading across the co

46、ntinents, dozens of animal and plant species were dying out every day, including the first primate（灵长类）to disappear in more than 100 years.At the start of the 21st century there were unmistakable signs that nature was beginning to take its revenge. Melting ice in both poles of the earth suggested th

47、at the climate was changing rapidly. Weather was even more changeable than usual; giving some places too little rain and others too much. Fires raced across the dried American West last summer, and recent storms spread damages from Britain to China. No specific event could be directly blamed on glob

48、al warming, floods and drought will be more frequentand severe. Other sad signs from an overburdened planet include falling grain and fish harvests and fiercer competition for scarce water supplies.But there were also, in the year 2000, signs of great awareness. Connected by the Internet, hundreds o

49、f millions people gathered for the 30th anniversary of Earth Day, Governments from Washington to Lima took steps to protect the large wild areas from development. Progress was made toward using more renewable energy from the wind and the sun, and new cars that used both gasoline and electricity show

50、ed fuel-economy statistics.The goal for the new century is “sustainable (可持续的) development”. Is that possible? It depends on how well we understand that humanity is part of nature, not lord and master.Mark “T” for True or “F” for False on the Answer Sheet._ 1. Species of animals and plants are incre

51、ased._ 2. It can be inferred from the passage that scarce water supplies are directly caused by the larger population._ 3. Humanity built many dams in the past century._ 4. The phrase “sustainable development” in the last paragraph probably means that economic development will make full use of natur

52、al resources._ 5. The main purpose of the author is to make us aware of the importance of environment protection.【答案】FFTFT【解析】1.定位到第一段And as our population began the year 2000 above the 6 billion mark, still spreading across the continents, dozens of animal and plant species were dying out every day

53、, including the first primate to disappear in more than 100 years.（当我们的人口在2000年开始时超过了60亿，仍然遍布各大洲，每天都有几十种动物和植物灭绝，包括100多年来第一个灭绝的灵长类动物。）可以看得出动植物物种都在减少，因此题干错误。2.定位到第二段No specific event could be directly blamed on global warming, floods and drought will be more frequentand severe.（没有特定的事件可以直接归咎于全球变暖，洪水和干

54、旱将会更频繁和严重。）可以看出目前并没有证据证明是人口增多引起的，因此题干错误。3.定位到第一段Throughout the past century humanity did everything in its power to control nature. We dammed earths rivers, chopped down the forests and exhausted the soils.（在过去的一个世纪里，人类尽其所能控制自然。我们在河流上筑坝，砍伐森林，耗尽土壤。）通过这句话可以得出题干是正确的。4.定位到最后一段The goal for the new centur

55、y is “sustainable development”. Is that possible? It depends on how well we understand that humanity is part of nature, not lord and master.（新世纪的目标是“可持续发展”。这有可能吗?这取决于我们对人类是自然的一部分，而不是主人的理解程度。）因此可以看出，可持续发展指的并不是题干所说的“经济发展将充分利用自然资源”，而是人类要意识到自己要和大自然共同发展，因此题干错误。5.根据全文来看，作者一直都是在说明现在环境的恶劣，以及人类的责任重大，需要和自然好好相

56、处，因此作者的意图就是希望大家重视环境保护问题。题干表达正确。19. 单选题“Hello, Bob, I didnt know you（ ）jogging.” “Oh, yes George, Ive been doing it for over a month now.”问题1选项A.went forB.went outC.went on withD.went in for【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项went for“去找，被认为，主张，拥护，努力获取”；B选项went out“出去，熄灭，过时”；C选项went on with“继续，进行，暂时使用”；D选项went in for

57、“爱好，参与，从事，追求，赞成”。句意：“你好，鲍勃，我不知道你（ ）慢跑。”“噢，是的，乔治，我已经跑了一个多月了。”可以看出，提问的人是不知道鲍勃“爱好慢跑运动”，因此D选项符合题意。20. 单选题In the summer of 1978 an English farmer named Ian Stevens was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered something strange. Some of his wheat was lying flat on the ground. The fl

58、attened wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat. In the following years more and more similar circles were found in a field of wheat or corn. So people cannot help but ask the question: What causes the circles?At first, people su

59、spected that the circles were a trick. To prove that the circles were a trick people tried to copy them: they tried to make circles exactly like the ones the farmers had found. They couldnt do it. They couldnt enter a field of grain without leaving tracks, and they couldnt flatten the grain without

60、breaking it. The circles are apparently not a trick. Many people believe that beings from outer space are making the circles. Some think that the beings are trying to communicate with us from far away and that the circles are messages from them. Others believe that the beings have actually landed on

61、 earth and that the circles are mark left by their spaceships. Several times people reported seeing strange flying objects near field, where circles later appeared.Scientists say theyre not sure what causes them. They have suggested several theories. For example, some scientists say that “microburst

62、s” of wind created the circles. A microburst is a downward rush of cool air the same downward rush of air that sometimes causes an airplane to crash. Others scientists say that forces within the earth cause the circles to appear. But circles often appear in forms. It is hard to believe that any natu

63、ral force could create those forms. And recently farmers have discovered not only circles but also other shapes such as triangles in their fields. Could any natural force created a perfect triangle in a field of grain?In the summer of 1990 some scientists spent three weeks in the part of England where