2022年考博英语-中南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷98（附答案带详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 写作题Write an essay of about 250 to 300 words on the topic “Qualities of Labor and Society Development” according to the idea given below in Chinese.人力资源是社会发展的前提保证，劳动者的素质要求是多元化的。在劳动技能和劳动方式上，社会对大家的要求可能不同，但是人的基本社会道德素养和文化修养对于社会而言是共同的一致需求。因此社会的发展要注意人的技能和知识水平提升的同时也要为人的道

2、德和文化素养的培养提供氛围和支持。【答案】Qualities of Labor and Society DevelopmentHuman resource is the premise for social development, and the qualities of labor are diversified. It is vital for improving the overall quality of the workforce to pay attention to improve the qualities of these two kinds: skills and met

3、hods of labor; social morality and cultural cultivation.In terms of skills and methods of labor, people are required differently. To a qualified physician, one should have a great deal of professional knowledge on medical science and abundant in practical experiences. As we know, in order to be a ce

4、rtified doctor, a medical student always has to study in medical institute for several years and then work as an internship for a long period before he can practice independently. A bus driver must have excellent driving skill and great knowledge of transportation. A fashion designer is supposed to

5、be good at drawing and have good sense of beauty. Different kinds of work require different skills and knowledge.But people, regardless of their job, should comply with the basic requirement of social morality and cultural cultivation.Socail morality is a code of conduct about what we should do or n

6、ot in order to safeguard the social interests and stability of our society. As normal people, no matter what kinds of job we do, we all need to obey the basic social rules, such as fulfilling our filial duties, taking care of children, being kind to others, etc.In a word, the development of society

7、not only need put emphasis on the improvement of peoples skills and knowledge but also ought to provide sound environment for laborers moral and cultural development. Only in this way, can our society be progressive and harmonious.2. 单选题The attorney was an intelligent debater; he （ ）the cross-questi

8、oning of the Supreme Court Judge on the case issue inquiry.问题1选项A.relishedB.estimatedC.interruptedD.dreaded【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。relished 玩赏，品味；estimated 评估，判断； interrupted 中止，打断；dreaded 恐惧，担心。句意：律师是一个非常有智慧的辩论者。他打断了最高法院法官关于案件调查的盘问。C项符合句意。3. 单选题Although the feeding activities of whales and walruses give

9、the seafloor of the Bering Shelf a devastated appearance, these activities seem to be actually （ ）to the area, enhancing its productivity.问题1选项A.destructiveB.rehabilitativeC.beneficialD.detrimental【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。destructive “破坏的；有害的”；rehabilitative “复原的”；beneficial “有益的；有利的”；detrimental “不利的”。句意

10、：尽管鲸和海象的觅食活动给白令海大陆架的海底带来表面上的毁坏，但是这些活动似乎在实际上对这个区域是有益的，提高了它的生产力。由 enhancing its productivity可知C项符合语境。4. 单选题There are some people who will use any kind of argument, no matter how illogical, so long as they can （ ）an opponent.问题1选项A.rebuttalB.dispute withC.score offD.scorn with【答案】C【解析】考查词组及名词词义辨析。rebut

11、tal“反驳；反证”；dispute with“与 争论”；score off “驳倒；挫败”；“scorn with轻蔑；嘲笑”。句意：只要能驳倒对手，有些人将会使用任何一种论点，不管该论点是多么不合逻辑的。只有C项符合题意。5. 单选题To test the （ ）of borrowing from one field of study to enrich another, simplyinvestigate the extent to which terms from the one may, without forcing, be utilized by the other.问题1选项

12、A.efficacyB.universalityC.decorumD.rate【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。efficacy “功效”；universality “广泛性”；decorum “礼仪”；rate “比率，速度”。句意：要想测试从一个研究领域借用过来的东西在充实其他领域的有效性，可以简单地调查一个研究领域的术语可以毫不勉强地被另一个研究领域所使用的程度。 由“the extent to which terms from the one may, without forcing, be utilized by the other. 一个研究领域的术语可以毫不勉强地被另一个研究领

13、域所使用的程度” 可知A项正确。6. 单选题A man who cannot win honor in his own age will have a very small chance of winning it from（ ）.问题1选项A.posterityB.immigrantsC.criticsD.improvisation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项posterity“子孙；后裔”；B选项immigrant“移民”；C选项critics“评论家；批评者”；D选项improvisation“即兴创作；即席演奏”。句意：一个在他这个年龄不能赢得荣誉的人，从 获得荣誉的机会很小

14、。前半句提到“他这个年龄”，因此空格处出词语应与“时间、年龄相关”。综合句意可知，A选项符合句意。7. 单选题However, the villagers did not （ ）them the best out of things to entertain us in the most sincere smile to greet the arrival of us.问题1选项A.jealousB.stingyC.reluctantD.begrudge【答案】D【解析】考查动词形容词辨析。jealous妒忌的；stingy吝啬的；reluctant不情愿的，勉强的；begrudge羡慕，吝惜

15、。句意：然而，村民却毫不吝惜地拿出他们最好的东西来招待我们，以最真诚的笑容迎接我们的到来。根据句意可知D项符合题意。8. 单选题New research on technology and public policy focuses on how seemingly （ ）design features, generally overlooked in most analyses of public works projects or industrial machinery, actually mask social choices of profound significance.问题1选

16、项A.insignificantB.inexpensiveC.innovativeD.ingenious【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。insignificant “无关紧要的”；inexpensive“便宜的”；innovative “革新的，创新的”；ingenious “有独创性的”。句意：新的研究技术和公共政策侧重于研究看似无关紧要的设计特点，在大多数公共工程项目或工业机械分析中通常被忽视，实际上掩盖社会选择的深远的意义。由 “actually mask social choices of profound significance“其实掩盖了社会选择的深远意义”可知A项符合题意。9.

17、 单选题Before about 1960, virtually all accounts of evolution assumed most adaptation to be a product of selection at the level of populations; recent studies of evolution, however, have found no （ ）this pervasive view of selection.问题1选项A.bias towardB.criticism ofC.basis forD.precursors of【答案】C【解析】考查词组

18、辨析。bias toward “对 的偏见”；criticism of “对 的批评”；basis for “ 的基础”；precursors of “ 的先驱者”。句意：在大约1960年以前，几乎所有对进化的解释都假定大多数的适应是在群体数量水平基础上选择的产物，但是，近来对于进化的研究没发现这种普遍深入的选择观点的基础。由to be a product of selection at the level of populations; 及however表转折关系可知空格处与前述内容意思相反。故C项符合题意。10. 单选题The Cardinal and Daniel de Bosola e

19、nter from the right. In appearance, the Cardinal is something between an El Greco cardinal and a Van Dyke noble lord. He has the tall, spare form the elongated hands and featuresof the former; the trim pointed beard, the imperial repose, the commanding authority of the latter. But the El Greco featu

20、res are not really those of asceticism or inner mystic spirituality. They are the index to a cold, refined but ruthless cruelty in a highly civilized controlled form. Neither is the imperial repose an aloof mood of proud detachment. It is a refined expression of a satanic pride of place and talent.

21、To a degree, the Cardinals coldness is artificially cultivated. He has defined himself against his younger brother the Duke and is the opposite to the overwrought emotionality of the latter. But the Cardinals aloof mood is not one of bland detachment. It is the deliberate detachment of a methodical

22、man who collects his thoughts and emotions into the most compact and formidable shape that when he strikes, he may strike with the more efficient and devastating force. His easy movements are those of the slowly circling eagle just before the swift descent with the exposed talons. Above all else, he

23、 is a man who never for a moment doubts his destined authority as a governor. He derisively and sharply rebukes his brother the Duke as easily and readily as his mistress Julia. If he has betrayed Bosola, he uses his brother as the tool to recover his “familiar.” His court dress is a long brilliant

24、scarlet cardinals gown with white cuffs and a white collar turned back over the red, both collar and cuffs being elaborately scalloped and embroidered. He wears a small cape, reaching only to the elbows. His cassock is buttoned to the ground, giving a heightened effect to his already tall presence.

25、Richelieu would have adored his neatly trimmed beard. A richly jeweled and ornamented cross lies on his breast, suspended from his neck by a gold chain. Bosola is the Renaissance “familiar” dressed conventionally in somber black with a white collar. He wears a chain about his neck, a suspended ornam

26、ent, and a sword. Although a “bravo,” he must not be thought of as a leather jacketed, heavy-booted tough, squat and swarthy. Still less is he a sneering, leering, melodramatic villain of the Victorian gaslight tradition. Like his black-and-white clothes, he is a colorful contradiction, a scholar-as

27、sassin, a humanist-hangman; introverted and introspective, yet ruthless in action; moody and reluctant, yet violent. He is a man of scholarly taste and subtle intellectual discrimination doing the work of a hired ruffian. In general effect, his impersonator must achieve suppleness and subtlety of na

28、ture, a highly complex, compressed, yet well restrained intensity of temperament. Like Duke Ferdinand, he is inwardly tormented, but not by undiluted passion. His dominant emotion is an intellectualized one: that of disgust at a world filled with knavery and folly, but in which he must play a part a

29、nd that a lowly, despicable one. He is the kind of rarity that Browning loved to depict in his Renaissance monologues.1.The actor portraying Bosola must depict the character （ ）.2.The writer of this passage assumes that the reader is（ ）.3.The reference to Browning in the last sentence is intended to

30、 compare（ ）.4.In his description of Bosola, the author of this passage makes extensive use of the device of（ ）.问题1选项A.as a highly civilized individualB.as a sneering villainC.as a complicated yet restrained individualD.with subtlety and intensity问题2选项A.familiar with Renaissance poetryB.disgusted wit

31、h a world filled with knavery and follyC.familiar with the paintings of El GrecoD.familiar with the writings of Van Dyke and El Greco问题3选项A.Bosola with Duke FerdinandB.Bosola with a Browning characterC.Duke Ferdinand with BosolaD.Bosola with Browning问题4选项A.metaphorB.onomatopoeiaC.exaggerationD.parad

32、ox【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文中 “ In general effect, his impersonator must achieve suppleness and subtlety of nature, a highly complex, compressed, yet well restrained intensity of temperament. 总的来说，他的模仿者必须达到自然的柔美和微妙，一种高度复杂、紧凑而又克制得很好的气质。”可知与C项相符。2.判断推理题。由文中 “In appearance, the Cardinal is

33、something between an El Greco cardinal and a Van Dyke noble lord. 在外观上，红衣主教之间是埃尔格列柯红衣主教和范戴克高贵的主。”可知作者认为读者熟悉EI Greco和Van Dyke的画像。故C项正确。3.判断推理题。由 “He is the kind of rarity that Browning loved to depict in his Renaissance monologues. 他是那种布朗宁喜欢在他的文艺复兴独白中描述的罕见人物”。可知该句中Bosola和Browning笔下所描写的人物进行对比。故B项正确，4.

34、判断推理题。Metaphor暗喻；onomatopoeia拟声；exaggeration 夸张；paradox悖论。由文中 “Like his black-and-white clothes, he is a colorful contradiction,a scholar-assassin,a humanist-hangman.就像他的黑白衣服一样，Bosola 是一种有趣的自相矛盾，他是学者的杀手、人文主义者的刽子手 ”可知A项正确。11. 单选题For people with disabilities recent improvements have made the theatre f

35、ully （ ）by wheel-chair.问题1选项A.accessibleB.availableC.pertinentD.transparent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项accessible“易接近的；可进入的”；B选项available“可获得的；有空的”；C选项pertinent“恰当的；切题的”；D选项transparent“透明的；显然的”。句意：对于残疾人来说，最近的改进使剧院完全可以由轮椅 。此处涉及“剧院”和“轮椅”，显然A选项符合逻辑。12. 单选题The teachers pride was distraught when he discovered th

36、at half his class had （ ）the exam.问题1选项A.reassessedB.disdainedC.flunkedD.redeemed【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。 reassessed 对 再评价；disdained 鄙视，蔑视； flunked 放弃，失败； redeemed 赎回，恢复。句意：当老师发现他班上有一半的学生放弃了考试的时候，他的自尊心受到严重打击。由前后语义可知空格处所填单词为贬义词，与考试搭配的最合适的选项是C项。13. 单选题Some works of literature hold ones interest in the very

37、last page, but others serves only as a （ ）, to be kept handily at a bedside table.问题1选项A.reminderB.referenceC.decorationD.soporific【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reminder 提醒者；reference 参考书，参考文献； decoration装饰；soporific 催眠剂。句意：有些文学作品自始至终都十分吸引人，但有些文学作品只起参考书的作用，为了方便查阅而放在床边小茶几上。由but及空格后的内容可知B项符合句意。14. 单选题I passed all

38、 the other courses that I took at my university, but I could have never passed botany. This was because all botany students had to spend several hours a week in a laboratory looking through a microscope at plant cells, and I could never once see a cell through a microscope. This used to enrage my in

39、structor. He would wander around the laboratory pleased with the progress all the students were making in drawing the structure of flower cells, until he came to me. I would just be standing there. “I cant see anything” I would say. He would begin patiently enough, explaining how anybody can see thr

40、ough a microscope, but he would always end up in a fury, claiming that I could, too, see through a microscope but just pretended that I couldnt. “It takes away from the beauty of flowers anyway.”I used to tell him. “We are not concerned with beauty in this course，” he would say. “We are concerned so

41、lely with what I may call the mechanics of flowers.” “Well,” Id say, “I cant see anything” “Try it just once again,” hed say, and I would put my eye to the microscope and see nothing at all, except now and again a nebulous milky substance a phenomenon of maladjustment. You were supposed to see a viv

42、id, restless clockwork of sharply defined plant cells. “I see what looks like a lot of milk，” I would tell him. This, he claimed, was the result of my not having adjusted the microscope properly, so he would readjust it for me, or rather, for himself. And I would look again and see milk.I finally to

43、ok a deferred pass, as they called it, and waited a year and tried again. (You had to pass one of the biological sciences or you couldnt graduate.) The professor had come back from vacation brown as a berry, bright-eyed and eager to explain cell-structure again to his classes. “Well,” He said to me,

44、 cheerily, when we met in the first laboratory hour of the semester, “Were going to see cells this time, arent we?” “Yes, sir， I said. Students to the right of me and to the left of me and in front of me were seeing cells; whats more, they were quietly drawing pictures of them in their notebooks, Of

45、 course, I didnt see anything.“Well try it, the professor said to me grimly, “with every adjustment of the microscope known to man. As God is my witness. Ill arrange this glass so that you see cells through it or Ill give up teaching. In twenty-two years of botany, I” He cut off abruptly for he was

46、beginning to quiver all over, like Lionel Barrymore, and he genuinely wished to hold onto his temper; his scenes with me had taken a great deal out of him.So, we tried it with every adjustment of the microscope known to man. With only one ofthem did I see anything but blackness or the familiar lacte

47、al opacity, and that time I say, to my pleasure and amazement, a variegated constellation of flecks, specks, and dots. These I hastily drew. The instructor, noting my activity, came back from an adjoining desk, a smile on his lips and his eyebrows high in hope. He looked at my cell drawing, “whats t

48、hat?” he demanded, with a hint of a squeal in his voice, “thats what I saw,” I said. “You didnt, you didnt，you didnt!” he screamed, losing control of his temper instantly; and he bent over and squinted into the microscope. His head snapped up. “Thats your eye!” he shouted. “Youve fixed the lens so t

49、hat it reflects! Youve drawn your eye!”1.According to the author, why was he taking the botany course?2.It can be inferred from the passage that the professors attitude toward the author was（ ）.3.Why did the author have difficulty with the microscope?4.The tone of this passage could best be describe

50、d as（ ）.问题1选项A.He was a premedical student.B.He wanted to see the structure of cells.C.He needed it to graduate.D.It was required of science majors.问题2选项A.encouragingB.disbelievingC.instructiveD.All of the above问题3选项A.The professor adjusted it to his own eyes rather than to the authors eyes.B.Becaus

51、e of a faulty instrument.C.Due to the teachers poor instruction.D.He didnt try.问题4选项A.self-congratulatoryB.ironyC.degradingD.critical【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到第二段中 “You had to pass one of the biological sciences or you couldnt graduate. 你必须通过一门生物科学课程否则你不能毕业。”可知C项正确。2.细节事实题。定位到第一段中“He wo

52、uld begin patiently enough, explaining how anybody can see through a microscope, but he would always end up in a fury, claiming that I could, too, see through a microscope but just pretended that I couldnt. 他在开始的时候有足够耐心，解释如何通过显微镜看到东西，但他总是在愤怒中结束，声称我也可以通过显微镜看到东西，只是假装我不能看到。”可知B 项正确。3.判断推理题。定位到第一段中 “Thi

53、s, he claimed, was the result of my not having adjusted the microscope properly, so he would readjust it for me, or rather, for himself. And I would look again and see milk他声称，这是由于我没有调好显微镜，所以他就为我调试，或者更确切地说，为自己。我再看了一遍，结果我看到了乳状物。”可知A项正确。4.判断推理题。最后一段中“Thats your eye!” he shouted. “Youve fixed the lens

54、so that it reflects! Youve drawn your eye!” 那是你的眼睛！他（导师）大声说。“你已固定了镜头，以至于它发生了反射！你画了你的眼睛！”可推知B项“讽刺的”正确。A项“自满的”；C项“可耻的；不名誉的”；D 项“批评的”。15. 单选题Its the briny broth of our origins, the pounding circulatory system of the world, a （ ）molecular edge on which we survive.问题1选项A.integratedB.precariousC.solidD.co

55、llided【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。integrated综合的，完整的；precarious不稳定的，危险的； solid结实的；collided碰撞的。句意：生命起源于海洋，海洋是地球循环系统的关键一环，这些不稳定的小分子是我们生存的基础。根据句意可知B项符合题意。16. 翻译题Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.Once the monologue begins, the Knowledgeable One drones on a

56、nd on. The Knowledgeable One is a fact person.（1）She may be the history prof who knows the death toll of every Civil War battle, the biology prof who can diagram all the common biological molecules, the accounting prof who enumerates every clause of the federal tax form. Oblivious to students tired

57、eyes and stifled yawns, the Knowledgeable One delivers her monologue, dispensing one dry fact after another.（2）The only advantage to being on the receiving end of this boring monologue is that students do not have to worry about being called on to question a point or provide an opinion; the Knowledg

58、eable One is not willing to give up one minute of her time by giving students a voice. Assume for one moment that student actually manages to stay awake during the monologue and is brave enough to ask a question. In such a case, the Knowledgeable One will address the questioning student as “Mr.” or

59、“Miss.” （3）This formality does not, as some students mistakenly suppose, indicate respect for the student as a fledgling member of the academic community.Not at all. This impersonality represents the Knowledgeable Ones desire to keep as wide a distance as possible between her and her students.The Kn

60、owledgeable Ones monologue always comes to a close at the precise second the class is scheduled to end.（4）No sooner has she delivered her last forgettable word than the Knowledgeable One packs up her notes and shoots out the door, heading back to the privacy of her office, where she can pursue her s

61、pecialized academic interest- free of any possible interruption from students. The Knowledgeable Ones hasty departure from the lecture hall makes it clear she has no desire to talk with students. （5）In her eyes, she has met her obligations, she has taken time away from her research to transmit to st

62、udents what she know. Any closer contact might mean she would risk contagion from students, that great unwashed mass. Such a danger is to be avoided at all costs.【答案】1.她可能是一位历史教授，知道每一场内战的死亡人数；她可能是一位生物学教授，能够绘制出所有常见生物分子的图表；也可能是能够列举联邦税表每一项条款的会计学教授。2.成为这段无聊独白的接受者的唯一好处是，学生们不必担心被要求提出问题或发表意见；知识渊博的人不愿意放弃哪怕一

63、分钟时间来为学生发声。3.这种形式并不像一些学生错误地认为的那样，表明了对学生作为学术界新生成员的尊重。4.她刚说出最后一个容易被遗忘的单词，知识渊博的那位就收拾好笔记，冲出门去，回到自己的私人办公室，在那里她可以追求自己的专业学术兴趣没有任何学生可能的打扰。5.在她看来，她已经履行了她的义务，她从她的研究中抽出时间把她所知道的传授给学生。17. 写作题Write an essay of about 250 to 300 words on the topic “Science and Arts: the Integration in the Discipline Researched according to the idea given below and outline in Chi