2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第125期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Some research workers completely（ ）all those facts as though they never existed.问题1选项A.ignoreB.leaveC.refuseD.miss【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ignore“忽略”；B选项leave“离开”；C选项refuse“拒绝”；D选项miss“错过”。句意：有些研究人员完全忽略了所有的这些事实，就好像它们根本不存在一样。选项A符合语境。2. 单选题He was a zealous supporter o

2、f our plan and cleaned up the hall for the Christmas party.问题1选项A.enthusiasticB.concertedC.giganticD.dedicated【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据句意：他是我们计划的支持者，并且为圣诞晚会把大厅打扫干净了。zealous 意为“热情的，积极的”。A选项enthusiastic“热情的”；B选项concerted“协调的”；C选项gigantic“巨大的，庞大的”；D选项dedicated“专注的，献身的”。选项A符合语境。3. 单选题Culture is the total sum

3、of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just

4、as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groan

5、s, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind ou

6、r Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All lang

7、uages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different

8、 from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. An accidental language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, o

9、r out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all culture are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.1.The language of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are

10、limited in（ ）.2.The author says that professional linguists recognize that（ ）.3.The article states that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found（ ）.4.According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have（ ）.5.Which of the following is implied but not articulated in the passage?问题1选项A.s

11、ound patternsB.vocabulariesC.grammatical structuresD.both A and B问题2选项A.Western languages are superior to Eastern languagesB.All languages came from grunts and groansC.The hierarchy of languages is difficult to understandD.There is no hierarchy of languages问题3选项A.nowhere todayB.among the Australian

12、aboriginesC.among Eastern culturesD.among people speaking “backward” languages问题4选项A.the potential for expanding vocabularyB.their own sound patternsC.an ability to transfer ideasD.grammatical structures问题5选项A.The study of languages has discredited anthropological studies.B.The study of language has

13、 reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among cultures.C.The study of language is the same as the study of anthropologists.D.The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第三段的第四句“They fall behind our

14、 Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers. 它们（不文明群体的语言）落后于我们的西方语言，通常不是在完全满足所有语言所需要的声音模式或语法结构上，而只是在反映说话者所知道的对象和活动的词汇上。

15、”由此可知，与西方语言相比，不文明群体的语言在词汇方面受到限制，所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的内容“对于专业的人类学家来说，文化之间没有本质上的优越，正如对于专业的语言学家来说，语言之间也没有本质上的等级关系。”由此可知，选项D符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据第三段一、二句的内容“人们曾经认为落后群体的语言是野蛮的、不发达的语言形式，主要由咕哝和呻吟组成。虽然语言可能是从一系列的咕哝和呻吟开始的，但对落后语言的研究证实，现在的口语语言都不符合这一描述。”也就是说，咕哝和呻吟的语言形式现在已经不存在了，所以选项A正确。4.细节事实题。第三段提及“All languages see

16、m to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 所有的语言似乎都有扩充词汇的机制，它们可以把已经存在的词汇组合在一起，也可以从其他语言中借用词汇并使其适应自己的系统。”由此可知，作者认为语言无论文明与否，都有扩大词汇量的潜力，选项A符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据原文最后一

17、段的内容“这种对语言的研究，反过来又为人类学家的主张提供了新的线索，即所有的文化都应该被独立地看待，没有等级或层级的观念。”选项A和选项C在文中没有信息体现；D选项是原文明确提出的观点，不符合题干的意思。B选项“对语言的研究强化了人类学家的观点，即文化之间没有等级之分”与最后一段表达的意思一致，所以正确。4. 单选题The recitalists performance was a delightfully free and introspective one; nevertheless, it was also, seemingly paradoxically, quite（ ）.问题1选项

18、A.appealingB.controlledC.idiosyncraticD.unskilled【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项appealing“吸引人的”；B选项controlled“受控制的”；C选项idiosyncratic“特殊的”；D选项unskilled“不熟练的”。根据关键信息“paradoxically”可知，填空处填入的词应和前面所表达的意思相反，所以选项B符合语境。句意：独奏者的表演是一场无拘无束的、令人愉快的、内省的表演。然而，看似矛盾的是，它也受到了相当的控制。选项B正确。5. 单选题There have been several attempts to i

19、ntroduce gayer colors and styles in mens clothing, but none of them（ ）.问题1选项A.has caught onB.has caught him outC.has caught upD.take roots【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项原形是catch on“理解，明白，变得流行”；B选项原形是catch out“发现有错误”；C选项原形是catch up“赶上”；D选项take roots“生根，扎根”。句意“曾有几次尝试在男装中引入更鲜艳的颜色和风格，但都没有流行起来”。选项A符合语境。6. 单选题They ar

20、rived at some political agreements that facilitated troop withdrawals.问题1选项A.establishedB.maximizedC.guaranteedD.promoted【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：他们达成了一些政治上的协议，这撤军。facilitate意为“促进，帮助，使容易”。A选项establish“创立，建立”；B选项maximize“最大化”；C选项guarantee“保证，担保”；D选项promote“促进，提升”。选项D与之意思最为相近，符合语境。7. 单选题In an environmenta

21、lly conscious tweak on the typical way of getting food to the table, growing numbers of people are skipping out on grocery stores and even farmers markets and instead going right to the source by buying shares of farms.On one of the farms, here about 35 miles west of Chicago, Steve Trisko was weedin

22、g beets the other day and cutting back a shade tree so baby tomatoes could get sunlight. Mr. Trisko is a retired computer consultant who owns shares in the four-acre Erehwon Farm.“We decided that its in our interest to have a small farm succeed, and have them be able to have a sustainable farm produ

23、cing good food,” Mr. Trisko said.Part of a loose but growing network mostly mobilized on the Internet, Erehwon is participating in what is known as community-supported agriculture. About 150 people have bought shares in Erehwon in essence, hiring personal farmers and turning the old notion of sharec

24、ropping on its head.The concept was imported from Europe and Asia in the 1980s as an alternative marketing and financing arrangement to help combat the often prohibitive costs of small-scale farming. But until recently, it was slow to take root. There were fewer than 100 such farms in the early 1990

25、s, but in the last several years the numbers have grown to close to 1,500, according to academic experts who have followed the trend.“I think people are becoming more local-minded, and this fits right into that,” said Nichole D. Nazelrod, program coordinator at the Fulton Center for Sustainable Livi

26、ng at Wilson College in Chambersburg, Pa., a national clearinghouse for community-supported farms. “People are seeing ways to come together and work together to make this successful.”The shareholders of Erehwon Farm have open access to the land and a guaranteed percentage of the seasons harvest of f

27、ruit and vegetables for packages that range from about $300 to $900. Arrangements of fresh-cut blossoms twice a month can be included for an extra $120 or for the deluxe package, $220 will “feed the soul” with weekly bouquets of lilies and sunflowers and other local blooms.Shareholders are not requi

28、red to work the fields, but they can if they want, and many do. Mr. Trisko said his family knows that without his volunteer labor and agreement to share in the financial risk of raising crops, the small organic farm might not survive. “Its very hard for them to make ends meet,” he said, “so I decide

29、d to go out and help. We harvest, water, pull weeds, whatever they need doing.”Erehwon the word “nowhere” spelled backward started with two shareholders, reached its goal of 140 last year, and now has raised its target to about 200 members.1. According to the passage, growing numbers of people buy s

30、hares of farms because they（ ）.2. Erehwon Farm differs from the traditional farms in that it is（ ）.3. We may infer from the passage that community-sponsored farm（ ）.4. The average shareholders of Erehwon Farm are entitled to（ ）.5. It is implied that Erehwon Farm（ ）.问题1选项A.are conscious of environmen

31、tal problemsB.abandon the typical way of getting food to the tableC.no longer depend on grocery stores and farmers marketsD.like to grow vegetables themselves in the suburban farms问题2选项A.very smallB.very efficientC.community-supported agricultureD.shared by people from different places问题3选项A.is a ne

32、w concept emerging in the U.S.AB.has to combat with small-scale farmingC.is gradually taking shape in American agricultureD.is very popular as booming agriculture in the U.S.A问题4选项A.come together and work together on the farmB.get a guaranteed percentage of the seasons harvest of fruit and vegetable

33、sC.enjoy packages that range from about $300 to $900D.buy $120-$220 fresh-cut blossoms twice a month问题5选项A.comes from the backward spelled word “nowhere”B.is a fictional name and there is no such a farm in the U.S.AC.its very hard to survive owing to its small sizeD.develops soundly, in spite of its

34、 financial difficulties【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一自然段的内容“环保意识改变了将食物端上桌的传统方式，相反，越来越多的人转向了杂货店甚至农贸市场，通过购买农场的股份来直接获取来源。”由此可知，越来越多的人买农场股份是受到环保意识的影响，所以选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“Part of a loose but growing network mostly mobilized on the Internet, Erehwon is participating in what is known

35、as community-supported agriculture. Erehwon是松散却不断壮大的网络的一部分，主要通过互联网动员起来，他参与的是所谓的社区支持农业。”以及本段最后一句“in essence, hiring personal farmers and turning the old notion of sharecropping on its head. 从本质上说，就是雇佣私人农场主，颠覆旧的佃农制度。”由此可知，Erehwon农场和传统农场的不同之处在于它是社区支持的农业，选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据原文第五段第一句“The concept was import

36、ed from Europe and Asia in the 1980s as an alternative marketing and financing arrangement to help combat the often prohibitive costs of small-scale farming. 这一概念是在20世纪80年代从欧洲和亚洲引进的，作为一种替代性的销售和筹资安排，来帮助克服小规模农业通常高昂的费用。”由此可知，这不是一个新的概念，而且是来帮助而不是来和小规模农场竞争的，所以选项A和选项B均表述错误；根据本段第二句“But until recently, it wa

37、s slow to take root. 但直到最近，它才慢慢生根发芽”可知，这一概念刚刚生根发芽，还没有初步成形，所以选项C错误；根据本段最后一句的内容可知，像Erehwon这样的农场由以前的不到100家到现在增长到接近1500家，说明社区支持的农业在美国蓬勃发展的农业非常受欢迎。所以选项D符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据倒数第三段的第一句“The shareholders of Erehwon Farm have open access to the land and a guaranteed percentage of the seasons harvest of fruit and ve

38、getables for packages that range from about $300 to $900. Erehwon Farm的股东可以自由使用土地，并保证获得当季水果和蔬菜收成的一定比例，金额从300美元到900美元不等。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。选项A目前还没有实现；选项C曲解了原文的意思；选项D不是普通股东享有的权利，所以只有选项B正确。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段首句“Erehwon the word “nowhere” spelled backwardErehwon这个词是由nowhere倒着写的”，由此可知，选项A符合原文。选项B在文中没有信息提及；根据倒数第二段的

39、内容可知，Erehwon农场不是由于规模小而无法生存，属于曲解原文句意，所以选项C不正确；原文也没有提及财政问题，所以选项D也不正确。8. 单选题It is hard to get any agreement on the precise meaning of the term social class. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consid

40、er higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to place a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.In the eighteenth-century one of the first

41、modern economists, Adam Smith, thought that the whole annual produce of the land and labor of every country provided revenue to “three different orders of people: Those who live by rent, those who live by wages, those who live by profit. Each successive stage of the industrial revolution, however, m

42、ade the social structure more complicated.Many intermediate groups grew up during the nineteenth-century between the upper middleclass and the working class. There were small-scale industrialists as well as large ones, small shopkeepers and tradesmen, officials and salaried employees, skilled and un

43、skilled workers, and professional men such as doctors and teachers. Farmers and peasants continued in all countries as independent groups.During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the possession of wealth inevitably affected a persons social position. Intelligent industrialists with initia

44、tive made fortunes by their wits which lifted them into an economic group far higher than their working-class parents. But they lacked the social training of the upper class, who despised them as the new rich.They often sent their sons and daughters to special schools to acquire social training. Her

45、e their children mixed with the children of the upper classes were accepted by them, and very often found marriage partners from among them. In the same way, a thrifty, hard-working labourer, though not clever enough himself, might save for his son enough to pay for an extended secondary school educ

46、ation in the hope that he would move into a white-collar occupation, carrying with it a higher salary and move up in the social scale.In the twentieth century the increased taxation of higher incomes, the growth of the social services, and the wider development of educational opportunity have consid

47、erably altered the social outlook. The upper classes no longer are the sole, or even the main possessors of wealth, power and education, though inherited social position still carries considerable prestige.Many people today are hostile towards class distinctions and privileges and hope to achieve a

48、classless society. The trouble is that as one inequality is removed, another tends to take its place, and the best that has as far been attempted is a society in which distinctions are elastic and in which every member has fair opportunities for making the best of his abilities.1. How do we place pe

49、ople in society in relation to ourselves, according to the text?2. Adam Smiths social make-up was invalidated by（ ）.3. Which class do small shopkeepers and tradesmen belong to?4. Which of the following statements does NOT truly describe the new rich?5. What happened to the class differences in the t

50、wentieth century?问题1选项A.Mainly by their way of speaking.B.According to the place where they were born.C.According to a complex mixture of factors.D.By regarding them inferior to ourselves.问题2选项A.the growing-up of upper middleclassB.the successive stages of the industrial revolutionC.the influence of

51、 the working classD.the inheritance of social positions问题3选项A.working classB.middleclassC.upper classD.upper middleclass问题4选项A.They sent their children to special schools to receive education.B.They were lack of social training of the aristocracy.C.They were often men of initiative and intelligence.

52、D.They did not allow their children to marry the upper class.问题5选项A.They have been partly smoothed out.B.They increased taxation of higher incomes.C.They have made the social services grow.D.They widely enhanced the education development.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“The crite

53、ria we use to place a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of factors. 然而，我们用来评价一个新认识的人的标准是一个复杂的混合因素。”由此可知，选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键信息“Adam Smith”定位到原文第二段的内容。本段最后一句指出“Each successive stage of the industrial revolution, however, made the social structure more complicated. 然而，工业革命的每一个连续阶段都使社会结构

54、更加复杂。”也就是说，会让Adam Smith提出的社会结构失效，所以选项B正确。3.细节事实题。根据关键信息“small shopkeepers and tradesmen”定位到原文第三段的内容“许多中间群体在19世纪成长起来，介于上层中产阶级和工人阶级之间。小型实业家，也有大型实业家，有小店主和商人”由此可知，选项B正确。4.判断推理题。根据关键信息“new rich”定位到原文第四段的内容。第四段最后一句提及“Intelligent industrialists with initiative made fortunes by their wits which lifted them

55、into an economic group far higher than their working-class parents. But they lacked the social training of the upper class, who despised them as the new rich. 聪明的工业家凭借自己的智慧发了财，这使他们的经济地位远远高于他们的工薪阶层父母。但是他们缺乏上流社会的社会修养，而上流社会则视他们为新贵”，由此可知，选项B和选项C均符合原文；第五段第一句提及“They often sent their sons and daughters to

56、special schools to acquire social training. 他们经常把儿女送到特殊学校接受社会培训。”由此可知，选项A也符合原文；只有选项D与原文恰好是相反的情况，所以本题选D。5.判断推理题。根据原文倒数第二段的内容“在20世纪，对高收入增加的税收，社会服务的增长，以及教育机会的广泛发展，极大地改变了社会的前景。上层阶级不再是唯一的，甚至不再是财富、权力和教育的主要拥有者，尽管继承下来的社会地位仍然具有相当大的威望。”由此可知，到20世纪等级差异已经部分消除，所以选项A正确。9. 单选题If you never review your stage lines, y

57、ou will only have yourself to（ ）if you fail in your performance.问题1选项A.complainB.mistakeC.blameD.fault【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。to blame意为“该受责备；怪罪；应该负责”。句意“如果你从不复习你的台词，假如在表演时失败了，你只能怪你自己。”选项C符合语境。10. 翻译题Although our understanding of learning is still not complete, a great deal is known. Learning has many diffe

58、rent forms and takes place under many conditions. In general, it involves a change in behavior. When a change in behavior takes place as a result of learning, the change is usually a long-lasting one. Learning may mean that a number of small independent acts are arranged in a new order. This happens

59、, for example, when you learn to play a new piece on the piano.【答案】尽管我们对“学习”的理解不尽完善，然而我们对此已有不少了解。“学习”可以呈现不同的形式，也可以在许多情况下进行。一般来说，“学习”必然会引起行为的变化。“学习”导致人们行为发生变化时，这种变化常能持久。“学习”也许意味着对一系列细小而不相关的行为按新的顺序重新排列。就好比你在钢琴上学习弹奏一首新的曲子。11. 单选题He（ ）in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it h

60、ad been robbed.问题1选项A.justifiedB.witnessedC.testifiedD.identified【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项justify“证明合法，证明是正当的”；B选项witness“目击，证明，为作证”；C选项testify“作证，证明”；D选项identify“确定，鉴定，识别”。四个选项都可以表示“作证，证明”，但testify in court是固定用法，表示“出庭作证”，所以选项C正确。12. 单选题It is understood that the filming of Legends is almost complete and t

61、he film is not（ ）to be delayed.问题1选项A.easyB.availableC.possibleD.likely【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。根据句意：据了解，传奇的拍摄工作已经基本完成，不可能会推迟。be not likely to是固定用法，意为“不可能”，所以选项D正确。13. 单选题When faced with doubts from some advisers on the attempted invasion, the president ignored them.问题1选项A.failed to noticeB.put up withC.stoo

62、d up forD.refused to consider【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。根据句意：当面对一些顾问对入侵企图的质疑时，总统了他们。ignore意为“忽略，忽视”。A选项fail to notice“没有注意到”；B选项put up with“容忍，忍受”；C选项stand up for“支持，拥护”；D选项refuse to consider“拒绝考虑”。选项A与之意思最为接近，代入符合语境。14. 翻译题An unremarked consequence of our new information ageone that will influence readers, wr

63、iters, and publishers in the futureis that bad writing, chat speak, text, millions of message board posts that come from and lead nowhere, are having a cheapening effect on all written content. Editors and news directors today fret about the Internet as their predecessors worried about radio and TV, and all now see the huge threat the Web represents to the way they distribute their produ