2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第6期

《2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第6期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第6期（18页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Venice（ ）as the major sea power of the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages, which was even mentioned by some writers, such as Shakespeare, Marlowe, etc.问题1选项A.prevailedB.reignedC.presidedD.restrained【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A: prevail “流行” ；B: reign “统治”；C: preside “主持

2、，管理”；D: restrain “控制”。句意：中世纪时，威尼斯以地中海的主要海上力量而称雄，这一点很多作家，例如莎士比亚、马洛都提到过。根据句意可知，B为正确答案。2. 单选题Automobiles, not factories, are responsible for two-thirds of the smog in Americas cities, and the smog （ ）the possibility of a whole new kind of epidemic, not due to one germ, but due to polluted environment.问

3、题1选项A.presentsB.emergesC.erectsD.imposes【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: presents “呈现；提交；使产生” ；B: emerges “出现”；C: erects “使直立”；D: imposes “强加；征税”。句意：汽车而不是工厂，是美国城市三分之二的烟雾的罪魁祸首。烟雾产生了一种全新的流行病的可能性，不是由一种细菌引起的，而是由于环境污染造成的。结合语境，由宾语是“一种全新疾病的可能性”，可知A为正确答案。3. 单选题Many new（ ）will be opened up in the future for those with a

4、 university education.问题1选项A.opportunitiesB.necessitiesC.realitiesD.probabilities【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析A: opportunities “机会”；B: necessities “必要性”；C: realities “现实”；D: probabilities “可能性”。句意：今后，许多新的机会将为受过大学教育的人打开。根据句意，A为正确答案。4. 单选题In modern society, people have more and more anxiety in daily life as well

5、as in work because of the（ ）of the city life.问题1选项A.speedB.rhythmC.velocityD.tempo【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: speed “速度；快速” ；B: rhythm “节奏”；C: velocity “速率”；D: tempo “乐 速度，拍子”。句意：在现代社会，由于城市生活的节奏，人们在日常生活和工作中都有更多焦虑。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。5. 单选题He would go to endless（ ）to help anyone he thought worthy of encouragement

6、.问题1选项A.difficultyB.obstacleC.troubleD.nuisance【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: difficulty “困难” ；B: obstacle “障碍”；C: trouble “麻烦”；D: nuisance “讨厌的东西（人，行为）麻烦事”。句意：他帮助任何他认为值得鼓励的人会带来无尽的麻烦。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。6. 单选题The radio program was presented（ ）a joint venture which was registered several months ago.问题1选项A.by courtes

7、y ofB.on account ofC.by virtue ofD.in terms of【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A: by courtesy of “蒙的好意；蒙提供”；B: on account of “由于；基于”；C: by virtue of “凭借的力量”；D: in terms of “根据；用的话；就而言”。句意：承蒙数月前注册的合资企业惠允，电台节目播出了。根据语境和句意可知A为正确答案。7. 单选题The American society is（ ）an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources which i

8、s connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.问题1选项A.established onB.affiliated toC.originated fromD.incorporated with【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。（be） established on “建立在之上”。句意：美国社会是建立在一种极其不稳固的自然资源基础上的，这与可能恶化的环境有联系。结合此处语义，A选项正确。8. 单选题An efficient reader has learned from experience that a missed wo

9、rd or idea can often be（ ）from what follows.问题1选项A.signifiedB.denotedC.designatedD.deduced【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析A: signified “表示的意思；意味；预示”；B: denoted “指代；预示； 代表”；C: designated “指派；指定”；D: deduced “推论；推断”。句意：有效率的读者从经验中学到：漏掉的单词或观点通常能从下面的内容中获得。结合此处语境， D为正确答案。9. 单选题The freshman took a while to（ ）himself the n

10、ew environment of the university.问题1选项A.familiarizeB.modifyC.orientD.alter【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。orient.to“使适应”。句意：大学新生花了一段时间使自己适应大学的新环境。根据句意，C为正确答案。10. 单选题A new passenger liner is（ ）after through many hardships.问题1选项A.initiatedB.commencedC.launchedD.classified【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: initiated “开始；传授” ；B: com

11、menced“开始；着手”；C: launched “发射；开展；使（船，尤指新船）下水”；D: classified “分类”。句意：一艘新的客运班轮经过许多艰难困苦之后下水。根据“passenger liner客轮”这一关键词可知C为正确答案。11. 单选题His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties（ ）.问题1选项A.came offB.came onC.came roundD.came down【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 come off “举行，发生；实现，成功”；B选项 come o

12、n“逐渐开始，催促”；C选项 come round/around “恢复（知觉），还原”；D选项 come down “跌落，失去财富或地位，传递”。句意：他为促成双方和解而付出的努力取得了成功。结合此处语境，A选项正确。12. 单选题There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basi

13、c skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the comp

14、lexities of spelling.If spelling become the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to play safe. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionar

15、ies and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of th

16、e pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the chi

17、lds ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.1.Teachers differ in their opinions about（ ）.2.The expression play safe probably means（ ）.3.Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that（ ）.4.The writer seems to

18、think that the teachers judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is（ ）.5.The major point discussed in the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.the difficulties in teaching spellingB.the role of spelling in general language developmentC.the complexities of the basic writing skillsD.the necessity of teaching spell

19、ing问题2选项A.to write carefullyB.to do as teachers sayC.Io use dictionaries frequentlyD.to avoid using words one is not sure of问题3选项A.students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB.teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesC.students will have more confidence in writingD.students

20、 will learn to be independent of teachers问题4选项A.reasonableB.unfairC.foolishD.careless问题5选项A.the importance of developing writing skillsB.the complexities of spellingC.the correct way of marking compositionsD.the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5

21、题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “There are，however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability”，中文翻译为 “然而，对于怎么来教拼写或者是从提高整个语言的发展和写作能力 方面来说，把拼写放在什么样优先的地位存在着许多不同的看法。”以及 “The problem is, how to encourage a child

22、 to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling.”中文翻译为：“所存在的问题是， 在写作当中怎样鼓励孩子不要让复杂的拼写来影响他流畅地，自信地表达自己的 思想。”推断出教学分歧在于怎样教授拼写、以及把拼写放在什么样优先的地位。结合语境，B选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中 “If spelling become the only focal point of his teachers inter

23、est, clearly a bright child will be likely to play safe. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language”， 中文翻译为 “如果字的拼写成为老师关心的唯一焦点，很明显，聪明的孩子很可能就会为保险起见，只写一些他会写的字，避免因冒险而出错的语言。”可以推测出D选项“避免用他/她不确定的内容”正确。3.推理判断题。由题干the use of dictionaries可以定位到文章第二段中 He

24、will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. Thats why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.” 中文翻译为“他只写一些他会写的字，避免因冒险而出错的语言。那就是为什么老师常常鼓励学生很 早就要使用字典，而且写作时重视内容而非拼写技能。可以推测出A选项

25、“学生能更自由地表达自己的想法”正确。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child s deep feelings” 中文翻译为“这对于 一个学生的写作技能也许是一

26、次尖锐的批评，但它同时也悲哀地反映出那位老师 忽视了去阅读一篇包含了表达孩子内心感情的文章。” 以及后文“The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors.虽然老师注意到了这些问题并没有错”可以得知B选项符合题意。5.主旨大意题。原文前面提出“There are,however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writ

27、ing ability”，中文翻译为 “然而，对于怎么来教拼写或者是从提高整个语言的发展和写作能力 方面来说，把拼写放在什么样优先的地位存在着许多不同的看法。”后面则写道：注意拼写会限制 学生写文章，但是不注意拼写会造成作文的拼写错误。综合考虑，可以推测出D选项正确。13. 单选题In fact, the U.S Congress（ ）to the British Parliament as they both have the right to make laws.问题1选项A.agreesB.correspondsC.matchesD.coincides【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

28、A: agree “同意”；B: corresponds (to) “相当于”；C: match “匹配”；D: ; coincide “一致”。句意：事实上，美国国会相当于英国议会，因为它们在制定法律方面权力相同。此处使用固定搭配coincide with，故B为正确答案。14. 翻译题Directions: Put the following pas sage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.This greater interdependence is not

29、 limited to the financial sector. The new challenges of today are global in nature and therefore, they demand a global response. This applies to issues such as climate change, eneigy security, terrorism prevention, trafficking and organized crime. We can no longer meet these challenges by closing th

30、e door and simply looking after our own house. Instead, we must reach out and seek cooperation, wherever cooperation is more effective. The world is currently witnessing the broadest and deepest wave of globalization ever producing great opportunities but also some risks. Globalization has helped hu

31、ndreds of millions from poverty and provided businesses with the possibility to invest and expand abroaD.But those same businesses know that they can no longer live on past achievements. When we speak of globalization, it is important to understand that openness and interdependence are the rules of

32、the game.Our cooperation in the fight against climate change is particularly important. We all know that climate change is real, that it is caused by human activity, and that its consequences are universal and will be felt first and foremost by the poorest. It will serve little purpose if other coun

33、tries do not join in common action. Yes, there is a cost to reducing emissions, but the cost of global warming and not just in the long term is going to be far higher, including for China.【答案】我们之间日益加深的相互依存并不局限于金融领域。今天我们实际面临的许多新挑战 都是全球性的，因此需要全球做出共同应对。这其中包括了气候变化、能源安全、制止恐怖主义、贩卖毒品和有组织犯罪等。我们已经不能以关起门来独善其身

34、的方式应对这些挑 战。相反，我们必须伸出双手寻求合作，因为合作能够更有效地解决这些问题。世界正经历着一波最为广泛和深刻的全球化浪潮，这为我们提供了巨大的机会，但同时也带来了一 些风险。全球化已帮助数以亿计的人们摆脱了贫困，并且给企业提供了进行海外投资和扩张的机会。但那些企业也意识到不能够满足于自己过去取得的成就。提到全球化，我们必须清楚公开和相互依存是其游戏的规则。我们在应对气候变化方面的合作尤其重要。我们现在都认识到气候的变化是实实在在的，这一变化由人类活动引发，其影响是全球性的并且将首先波及最贫困的人口。如果其他国家不参与共同行动，那么，我们的努力将不会产生结果。是的，我们将为减少温室气体

35、排放付出代价，但我们可能在并不遥远的将来为全球变暖付出远高于此的代价，中国也不例外。15. 单选题In the eyes of the linguists, there exists no（ ）among the languages in the world.问题1选项A.statusB.scaleC.hierarchyD.gauge【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: status “身份；地位”；B: scale “规模；等级（层次），级别”；C: hierarchy “等级 制度（尤指社会或组织）”；D: gauge “（常指用某种仪器）测量”。句意：在语言学家看来，世界上的语言中不

36、存在等级之分。根据句意，B为正确答案。16. 单选题Mechanization has gradually（ ）many of the ranching and agricultural jobs once available to the Indians, and few industries have been attracted to the area.问题1选项A.disposedB.eliminatedC.discardedD.terminated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: disposed “处置”；B: eliminated “排除，消除；淘汰”；C: discar

37、ded “丢弃，抛弃”；D: terminated “结束；使终结”。句意：机械化逐渐使印度淘汰了许多牧场和农业工作，而这地区很少吸引到工业。结合此处语境，工业化应该是减少了农牧业工作，因此B为正确答案。17. 单选题To impress a future employer one should dress neatly, be（ ） , and display interest in the job.问题1选项A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 swift “迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的”；B选项 instant “立即

38、的，直接的，紧迫的”；C选项 timely “及时的”；D选项 punctual “按时的，准时的”。句意：要想给未来老板留下好印象，应聘者应穿着整齐，严格准时，并且表现出对工作的兴趣。结合句意，D选项正确。18. 单选题Last year, the government asked the University of Nottingham to carry out research on the skills of university students. The findings confirm the disquiet of employers at the lack of basic

39、skills they observe in some graduates. British universities have usually admitted only the best students, so it is surprising to read about these findings.The research showed that less than one university student in five achieves the levels expected of bright 18-year-olds in all three of the key ski

40、lls of communication, the application of number, and information technology (IT).Some have argued that there are two other key skill areas where students might be expected to show some ability-improving their own learning, and working with others. If we add in these skill areas, the research shows t

41、hat only about a dozen students among nearly two hundred tested across ten universities scored top marks.Not many universities focus on these general, basic skills. Indeed, many universities assume that their highly-qualified if incoming students have all these skills. But are they right to assume t

42、hat? If they are not, then university educators may have to start paying more attention to developing such skills than they have in the past.It is of course possible to get a good degree, even from a top class university, and not necessarily if have all-round skills necessary for operating in employ

43、ment and everyday situations. Some graduates are not good at IT; others have difficulty in the application of number skills. Many are poor in communication skills in speech, or writing, or both. For example, many employers note that even highly-qualified graduates have difficulty in giving a clear e

44、xplanation of something they understand to a group of people listening.Achievement of these skills is not normally required in high school; however, one might expects students to be better in these skills than they are.The results from the University of Nottingham survey need to-be treated with some

45、 care: the sample was small, and we only assessed students who could be present at certain times of the day; we were not able to assess every aspect of every skill. ( But even if we doubled the number of students tested who achieved level 3 on our tests- just below the minimum level required by empl

46、oyers- two thirds of first year students would not nut achieve these minimum levels.Each of the students took part in a two-and-a-half hour assessment session. During this session they completed pencil and paper tests. They also did a group exercise and presentation, during which they had to work wi

47、th others, and then each in turn present an oral report. In addition, they were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire covering their knowledge and experience of IT.Many would argue that being brilliant in any one or two of these skills is not enough, students should really have an all-round

48、ability in all these skill areas. The story is much less encouraging when we look at success in a combination of skills. Only about five percent of those sampled achieved acceptable levels in all five skill areas.The fact is that university courses vary a great deal. In some instances, they allow st

49、udents to do very well at certain things that are highly valued within their academic fielD.However, these qualities may not transfer easily to other situations. Many employers go to particular institutions, and particular degree subjects hoping to find the kind of graduate they want. The government

50、 is now considering ways in which training in these skills can be built into every degree programmed offered.This may strike fear into the hearts of many university lecturers, who are already having to cope with much greater demands on their teaching and research skills. However, there is reason to

51、believe that some institutions are already dealing with the problem, and with some success. For example, the University of Loughborough (near Nottingham) has an excellent programme in study and IT skills, and the University checks on students skills as they proceed through their courses. These unive

52、rsities now realize that basic skills not only help their students to learn more effectively, they also make them more employable once they have left the university.1.What are the basic skills of the university graduates?2.Some argued that other basic skills like（ ）are also expected.3.Usually, achie

53、vement of these basic skills is not normally required in（ ）.4.Why should the results from the University of Nottingham survey be treated with some care?5.How much percent of the sampled achieved acceptable level in all five skills areas according to the passage?问题1选项A.CommunicationB.Application of n

54、umberC.Information technologyD.All of the above问题2选项A.the ability to improve their own learningB.the ability to make independent decisionC.the ability to explain something clearlyD.the ability of passing paper tests问题3选项A.collegesB.high schoolsC.communicationD.graduate问题4选项A.The survey is not accura

55、teB.The survey is not accepted by the publicC.Most of the students are top students in the universityD.The survey only assessed a small part of the students.问题5选项A.6%B.5%C.30%D.44%【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词basic skills可以定位到文章第中 “The research showed that less than one university

56、student in five achieves the levels expected of bright 18-year-olds in all three of the key skills of communication, the application of number, and information technology (IT).” 中文翻译为：研究表明， 在沟通、应用数字和信息技术这三项关键技能方面，只有不到五分之一的大学生 达到了18岁聪明学生的期望水平。可以得知这三项都是大学生的基本技能。因此D选项符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段中 “Some h

57、ave argued that there are two other key skill areas where students might be expected to show some ability _improving their own learning, and working with others.” 中文翻译为：些人认为，在其他两个关键技能领域中，学生可能会表现出一定的能力,提高自己的学习能力，以及与他人合作。可以得知A选项符合题意。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中 “Achievement of these skills is not normally requ

58、ired in high school” 中文翻译为：高中通常不要求取得这些技能。以及 “however, one might expects students to be better in these skills than they are.”，中文翻译为：然而，人们可能会期望学生在这些技能上比他们更好。可以得知B选项符合题意。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“be treated with some care”可以定位到文章中 “The results from the University of Nottingham survey need to be treated with some

59、 care: the sample was small, and we only assessed students who could be present at certain times of the day; we were not able to assess every aspect of every skill.” 中文翻译为：诺丁汉大学的调查结果需要谨慎对待：样本很小，我们只对一天中可能出现在某一时间的学生进行评估；我们无法评估每项技能的每个方面。可以得知D选项符合题意。5.细节事实题。由题干关键词achieved acceptable level可以定位到文章中 “Only

60、about five percent of those sampled achieved acceptable levels in all five skill areas” 中文翻译为：在所有五个技能领域中，只有大约5%的样本 达到了可接受的水平。可以得知B选项符合题意。19. 单选题The people of this country have entrenched themselves to（ ）any invaders who refuse to give up their evil intention.问题1选项A.ward offB.cut offC.work offD.lay o

61、ff【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组词义辨析。A: ward off “避开，挡住”；B: cut off “切断；中断；使死亡； 剥夺继承权”；C: work off “售出；清理，排除；渐渐地清除；冒充”；D: lay off “解雇；休息；停止工作”。句意：这个国家的人们已经致力于消灭任何拒绝放弃邪恶意图的侵略者了。根据句意可知C为正确答案。20. 单选题Terrorists（ ）to bombing city centers as a means of achieving their political aims.问题1选项A.resortedB.tookC.sawD.looked【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A: resort to “依靠，求助于；诉诸；常去”；B: ;take to “喜欢；走向； 开始从事”；C: see to “注意;负责；照料”；D: look to “注意;指望；照看”。句意：恐怖分子把向市中心投放炸弹作为他们完成政治目标的手段。结合此处语境，A为正确答案。