2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第116期

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Many parents are busy sending their children to various talent shows. （ ）matters to them is to turn their children famous overnight.问题1选项A.ItB.AnythingC.WhichD.What【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。从句子结构可知 matters to them是主语从句，且该从句主语只有what符合，故正确答案选D。句意为：许多父母送孩子学习各种兴趣班。对他们来

2、说重要的是让孩子一夜成名。2. 翻译题 目前，中国仍是跨国公司投资的首选目的地，特别是在服务业和外包行业。2013年，全球外国直接投资下降近40%，但对华投资仅下降3%。作为对西方担忧的回应，中国不断加大保护知识产权力度，制定了系列比较完整、在世界上也比较先进的保护知识产权法律体系和行政执法、刑事执法双轨的执法机制。在危机中遭遇巨大冲击的跨国公司，在中国找到了新的发展空间和增长点。2009年，通用汽车在美国申请破产，但该公司在华销售却增长了67%。(参考词汇：multinational companies; outsourcing; intellectual property; double-

3、track)【答案】 Recently, China remains a top destination for investment by multinational companies, particularly in service and outsourcing. In 2013, global FDI dropped by nearly 40%, but investment into China fell by only 3%. Reacting to worries in the West, China has also strengthened intellectual pro

4、perty protection with new laws and a “double-track” system of administrative and criminal enforcement. Crisis-hit multinationals have found new sources of profit growth in China. In 2009, General Motors filed for bankruptcy in the US, but its sales in China grew by 67 %.3. 翻译题 The idea that a quick

5、recession would purge the world of past excesses is ludicrous. The danger is, instead, of a slump, as a mountain of private debt in the US, equal to three times GDP topples over into mass bankruptcy. The downward spiral would begin with further decay of financial systems and proceed via pervasive mi

6、strust, the vanishing of credit, closure of vast numbers of businesses, soaring unemployment, tumbling commodity prices, cascading declines in asset prices and soaring repossessions. Globalization would spread the catastrophe everywhere.【答案】 一个快速的经济衰退将会消除世界的无节制的想法是荒谬的。相反，随着大量私人债务（如在美国大量的私人债务等于美国国内生产

7、总值的3倍）坍塌为大规模破产，这种危险就是衰退。随着金融体系进一步衰退，螺旋式下跌将会开始，然后通过遍布的不信任、信誉的消失、大量企业的倒闭、不断上升的失业率、大宗商品价格暴跌、资产价格狂跌和飙升的收回资产继续进行。全球化将会将这个大灾难扩散到全球所有地方。4. 单选题Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was （ ）in tropical countries.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.prevalentC.provocativeD.perpetual【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pros

8、pective“未来的、预期的”；B选项prevalent“流行的、普遍的”；C选项provocative“刺激的、挑拨的”；D选项perpetual“永久的、永远的”，从句中关键词“eye disease眼疾，tropical countries热带国家”可联系到prevalent“流行的、普遍的”。句意为：一些研究证实这种眼疾在热带国家很普遍。故正确答案选B。5. 单选题With the prices （ ）so much, it is difficult for the government to make a budget plan.问题1选项A.vibratingB.fluctuat

9、ingC.flutteringD.swinging【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项vibrate“使震动，使颤动”；B选项fluctuate“波动，涨落”的意思；C选项flutter“飘动，鼓翼”；D选项swing“摇摆，专项，悬挂”。根据关键词“price价格”和“make a budget plan做出预算方案”，可知空格部分意思为“浮动”，和选项B意思接近，句意为：因为价格的波动太大了，政府很难做出预算方案。故选B。6. 单选题The earnings of women are well below that of men （ ）educational differen

10、ces that are diminishing between the two sexes.问题1选项A.althoughB.thoughC.despite ofD.in spite of【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。四个选项都有“虽然，尽管”的意思。选项C的结构一般很少使用。Although和though都可以引导句子，不过although只能置于句首。这里空格后面是一个名词短语educational differences跟一个that引导的定语从句。所以只能填入选项D介词短语，后面接名词。句意为：女性的收入远在男性之下，尽管两性在教育方面的差距正在消除。7. 单选题 It

11、 was 1961, and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didnt know enough to really care. My older brother and I lived with Mom in a dingy multi-family house in Detroit. We watched TV every night. The background noise of our lives was gunfire and horses hoofs

12、 from “Wagon Train” or “Cheyenne” and laughter from “I Love Lucy”, or “Mister Ed”. After supper, wed sprawl on Moms bed and stare for hours at the tube. But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But, she was much brigh

13、ter and smarter than we boys knew at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned books. So she came home one day, snapped off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. “You boys are going to read two books every week,” she

14、said. “And youre going to write me a report on what you read.” We moaned and complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didnt have any books in the house other than Moms Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: “Ill drive you to the library.” So pretty soon there were the

15、se two peevish boys sitting in her white 1959 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly among the childrens books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them. The first book I read clear through was Chip t

16、he Dam Builder. It was about beavers. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this verbal visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home. It didnt dawn on me at the time, but the

17、experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip of a page. Soon I began to look forward to visiting this hushed sanctuary from my other world. I moved from animals to plants, and

18、 then to rocks. Between the covers of all those books were whole worlds, and I was free to go anywhere in them. Along the way a funny thing happened: I started to know things. Teachers started to notice it too. I got to the point where I couldnt wait to get home to my books. Now my older brother is

19、an engineer and I am chief of pediatric neurosurgery at John Hopkins Childrens Center in Baltimore. Sometimes I still cant believe my lifes journey, from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical sur

20、gery. But I know when the journey began the day Mom snapped off the TV set and put us in her Oldsmobile for that drive to the library.1. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that （ ）.2. Which of the following is NOT true about the authors family?3. The mother was to （ ）make her two sons sw

21、itch to reading books.4. How did the two boys feel about going to the library at first?5. The author began to love books for the following reasons EXCEPT that（ ）.问题1选项A.the author and his brother had done poorly in schoolB.the author had realized how important schooling wasC.the author had been very

22、 concerned about his school workD.the author had spent much time watching TV after school问题2选项A.His mother worked as a cleaner.B.He came from a middle-class family.C.He came from a single-parent family.D.His mother had received little education.问题3选项A.hesitantB.determinedC.reluctantD.unprepared问题4选项

23、A.They were afraid.B.They were reluctant.C.They were indifferent.D.They were eager to go.问题5选项A.he began to see something in his mindB.he could go back to read the books againC.he could visualize what he read in his mindD.he realized that books offered him new experience【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B

24、【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“It was 1961, and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didnt know enough to really care. We watched TV every night. 那是1961年，我在五年级。我在学校的成绩很糟糕，问题是，我还并不在意我们每天晚上看电视。”可知选项D符合题意。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到第一段“My older brother and I

25、 lived with Mom in a dingy multi-family house in Detroit. 我和我的哥哥和妈妈住在底特律一个昏暗的多户人家共同居住的房子里。”可知作者家境并不好，故答案选B。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。文章第二三段描述了作者的母亲回到家关上电视要让他们开始读书，每周读两本并写报告，家里没书就开车送他们去图书馆等等，由此可知母亲是下定决心让儿子们读书，因此答案选B。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第四段“So pretty soon there were these two peevish boys sitting in

26、her white 1959 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. 所以很快就有两个坏脾气的男孩坐在她的白色1959年的奥兹莫比尔汽车上，在去底特律公共图书馆的路上。”可知他们不情愿去图书馆，故答案选B。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第六段“It didnt dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead o

27、f before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip of a page. 当时我并没有意识到这一点，但这段经历和看电视完全不同。在我的脑海里形成了一些图像，而不是在我眼前。我可以翻过一页，一次又一次地回到他们身边。”可知作者爱上读书是因为书能给他全新的感受，让他浮想联翩，而不是因为他能反复地读这些书，因此答案选B。8. 单选题He came all the way to China for promoting friendship （ ）for making money.问题1选项A.other

28、thanB.better thanC.more thanD.rather than【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词组搭配。A选项other than“除了，不同于”；B选项better than“比更好”；C选项more than“比多”；D选项rather than“而不是，宁可”。空格部分要填入一个短语连接前后短语形成对比，前面的意思是“for promoting friendship为了增进友谊”和后面“for making money为了赚钱”表示不同的目的，句意为：他一路跋涉来到中国是为了友谊而不是赚钱。故这里选项D符合题意。9. 单选题 The biographer has t

29、o dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the writer may be objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soulthe quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for examp

30、le? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a kings servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have t

31、he knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the kings biographynot for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate. There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subjec

32、t. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly. When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that t

33、heir subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class. Biographers may claim that their account is the “authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they

34、 are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject, this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the “unauthorize

35、d” characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several “authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell the story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has

36、 been proved by the history of biography.1. In this passage, the author focuses on （ ）.2. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?3. The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that（ ）.4. An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more read

37、ers because（ ） .5. According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who（ ）.问题1选项A.the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his jobB.the characteristics of different kinds of biographiesC.the techniques required of a biographer to write a food biographyD.the sec

38、ret of a biographer to win more readers问题2选项A.An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.B.An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.C.No one can write a perfect biography.D.Authorized biographies have a wider readership.问题3选项A.the best biographies are the ones of heroes and

39、famous figuresB.biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects livesC.the best biographies are meant to transform their readersD.biographies can serve different purpose问题4选项A.it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subjects characterB.it contains interesting information about the sub

40、jects private lifeC.it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersD.it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividly问题5选项A.knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from himB.possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subjectC.is independe

41、nt and treats the subject with fairness and objectivityD.is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章首先讲述传记作家碰到的各种问题，包括传记作家写作时在两种立场之间摇摆不定。接着详细阐述了传记作家写作创作的难点。最后提到了传记作家“授权问题”。所以由此可知，选项A“传记作者很难找到合适的角度来进行写作”最符合题意。2.【试题

42、答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段第一句“There is no ideal position for such a task.对于传记写作这一工作来说，没有理想的角度。”和第三句“Every position has strengths and weaknesses每一种角度都有其优势和劣势。”可知每位传记作家都面对写作角度中的优势和劣势，所以没有人能够写出完美无缺的传记。故正确答案选C。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“biographies of Jesus”定位到文章第三段最后一句“The biographies of Jesus found in

43、 the Bible are in this class.”，第三段主要是讲传记作者会根据描述对象做出有目的选择，然后进行写作。所以，对于英雄和人物的传记和神的传记写作的目的是不同的，属于有目的的类型写作。故正确答案选D。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。关键词定位到文章第四段第四句“the unauthorized characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. 这种未经授权的描述通常暗示了当事人原本希望压制流言蜚语的前景。”可

44、知，选项B“它包含了关于描述对象私人生活的有趣信息”更符合题干意思，为正确答案。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject.传记作者必须站在被描述对象同一个世界的同一位置上，必要时需要调整位置来进行描述。”和文章最后一段“In advancing this claim, they are helped if th

45、e biography is authorized by the subject, this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. 在推进这一主张时，他们得到帮助，如果传记被主题授权，这可能允许传记作者的私人信息的特殊访问。”由此可知，理想的传记作家一方面要充分了解被描写的对象，另外一方面也要和他保持一定的距离。故正确答案选A。10. 翻译题 Building a degree of transportation and inventory cost ambiguity into the

46、system design will allow one to estimate high and low values for these costs, with the comfort that costs will come in between these worst and best cases. Global sourcing systems are also dynamic creatures, subject to change and improvement over time. It is essential that the performance of the sour

47、cing system be monitored by all parties to the partnership to maintain its common focus. Several additional items should be considered whenever international sourcing is an alternative for a firm: possible use of child labor, changing tariff structures, foreign trade zones, exporting for assembly in

48、 bond, and counter trade.【答案】 在系统设计中建立一定程度的运输和库存成本的模糊性，将可以估算出这些成本的高值和低值，而成本将会在这些最坏和最好的情况之间。全球采购系统也是动态的，随着时间的推移会发生变化和改进。至关重要的是，结为伙伴关系的各方都要对采购系统的性能进行监控，以确保达成共识。当国际采购是公司的一种选择时，应考虑以下额外几点：使用童工的可能性，变化的关税结构，外贸区，保税出口组装和补偿贸易。11. 单选题（ ）that many travelers complained to the travel agency.问题1选项A.So frequently t

49、he guide took them to luxurious shopsB.So frequently the guide took them to luxurious shops doC.So frequently did the guide take them to luxurious shopsD.So the guide took them to luxurious shops frequently【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。本题考查结果状语从句中的倒装用法。在“so/suchthat.”结构中，so和such连同它所修饰成分置于句首表示强调。主句需要倒装；根据句子后

50、面的结构“that many travelers complained to the travel agency.”可知前面是so引导的主句，需要采用部分倒装结构，句意为：导游带游客去奢侈品商店太频繁，以至于许多游客向旅行社投诉。故正确答案选C。12. 单选题At the sight of this photograph he changed his（ ） .问题1选项A.countenanceB.counteragentC.concessionsD.counteract【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项countenance“面容，表情”；B选项counteragent“反作

51、用剂；中和力”；C选项concessions“让步，让与”；D选项counteract“抵消”，句意为：一看到这张照片，他面色就变了。故正确答案选A。13. 单选题The negotiation between these two countries has yielded no result. A war is（ ）.问题1选项A.eminentB.imminentC.predominantD.dominant【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。A选项eminent“杰出的”；B选项imminent“即将来临，迫近的”；C选项predominant“主要的、卓越的”；D选项domina

52、nt“显性的、占优势的”。题干第一句话的意思“两国间的谈判没产生结果”，后面可知“战争war”马上就要到了，空格部分形容词意思为“马上就要爆发的”，句意为：两国间的谈判没产生结果，战争一触即发。故选项B正确。14. 翻译题 世界都在关注北京奥运会后中国政治经济走向。我们可以明确地说，中国将继续坚定不移地走和平发展道路，继续坚持改革开放不动摇，继续贯彻独立自主的和平外交政策。这符合中国人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，顺应世界潮流。这次北京奥运会是在中国这样一个最大的发展中国家举行的。国际社会对中国政府和人民为此做出的努力给予了高度评价。奥运会的成功举办，使中国人民受到了极大的鼓舞，增强

53、了实现现代化的信心和力量。(参考词汇：remain committed; fundamental interests; inspire; confidence)【答案】 Now the whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading, both politically and economically, after the Beijing Olympic Games. Let me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the

54、path of peaceful development, unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace. This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries. It is also in keeping with the trend of the world. The just con

55、cluded Olympic Games was held in China, the largest developing country in the world. The international community has highly commended the efforts made by the Chinese Government and people for the Games. The success of the Olympic Games has greatly encouraged the Chinese people and boosted their conf

56、idence and strength in realizing modernization.15. 单选题The law on drinking and driving is （ ）stated.问题1选项A.extravagantlyB.empiricallyC.explicitlyD.exceptionally【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项extravagantly“挥霍无度地”；B选项empirically“以经验为主地”；C选项explicitly“明确地，明白地”；D选项exceptionally“例外地，特殊地”。根据关键词“law法律”和“stated被表明

57、，被解释”，可知“明确地”符合题意，句意为：有关醉酒驾驶的法律规定得很清楚。故正确答案选C。16. 单选题 It was the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people mo

58、stly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germanywere packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. S

59、ome who succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. “Ill never forget the screams,” says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave and i

60、nto seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century. Now Germanys Nobel Prize-winning author Gunter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next

61、 year, doesnt dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: “Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.” The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die

62、Woche: “Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didnt have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings.” The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their countrys monstrous c

63、rimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Todays unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of Willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correct Ge