2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试名师点拨押题密卷39（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题_ that theyre young and inexperienced, theyve done quite a good job.问题1选项A.BeingB.ProvidedC.GivenD.Now【答案】C【解析】考查分词性从属连词。句意：考虑到他们年轻又没有经验，他们已经做得相当不错了。given that是一个词组，意为“鉴于，考虑到”，后面所跟的从句是基于共同的认识和已有的事实。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Please drop in whenever you can. Id like to keep

2、_ touch.问题1选项A.inB.onC.toD.with【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：有空请随时来坐坐。我想保持联系。keep in touch是固定搭配，意为“保持联系”。其他三项不能进行搭配。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题Mr. White was told again and again to _ smoking but he just wouldnt listen.问题1选项A.cut throughB.cut offC.cut downD.cut away【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项cut through“抄近路走过”；B选项cut off“切断”；C选项cut

3、 down“减少”；D选项cut away“切掉”。句意：怀特先生一再被告知要减少吸烟，但他就是不听。本句表示减少吸烟。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题The year was 1959. Location: The central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo. A seemingly healthy man walked into a

4、 hospital clinic to give blood for a Western-backed study of blood diseases. He walked away and was never heard from again. Doctors analyzed his sample, froze it in a lest tube and forgot about it. A quarter-century later, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic took a secon

5、d look at the blood and discovered that it contained HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.And not just any HIV. The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals (monkeys or chimpanzees) t

6、o humans, according to a report published last week in Nature. Dr. David Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York City and one of the studys authors, says a careful genetic analysis of samples DNA pushes the putative origin of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade, to th

7、e early 1950s or even the 1940s.Over the past 15 years, scientists have identified at least 10 subtypes of the AIDS virus. But they couldnt tell whether they were seeing variations on one changeable virus or the handiwork of several different viruses that had made the jump from primates to man. A cl

8、ose look at the genetic mutations in the Leopoldville sample strongly suggests that all it look to launch the AIDS epidemic was one unlucky turn of events.By comparing the DNA of the 1959 virus with that of samples taken from the 1980s and 1990s, Ho and his colleagues constructed a viral family tree

9、 in which the Leopoldville isolate sits right at the juncture where three subtypes branch out. The 39-year-old specimen is also strikingly similar to the other seven subtypes. The clear implication: all the viral strains can be traced back to a single event or a closely related group of events. One

10、theory is that AIDS started through contact with infected monkeys in a remote area and spread to the rest of the population through urbanization and mass inoculations.The findings underscore how rapidly HIV can adapt to its surroundings, making it devilishly difficult to develop effective vaccines.

11、No one knows how many more subtypes of HIV will sprout in the next 40 years, but chances are that they will be every bit as lethal as the ones we see today, if not more so.1. What does the phrase “Belgian Congo” mean?2. According to this article, HIV in human body originated from _.3. Are the ten su

12、btypes of the AIDS virus variation of one?4. Which of the following statements is true?5. Which of the following is the best topic for this passage?问题1选项A.Belgium was a colony of Congo.B.Congo was a colony of Belgium.C.Belgian Congo was an African state.D.Belgium and Congo were two separate countrie

13、s.问题2选项A.animalsB.plantsC.foodD.not mentioned in the article问题3选项A.Yes.B.No.C.Scientists are not sure about it at present.D.It is not mentioned in the article.问题4选项A.All the viral strains can be traced back to a single event.B.HIV cannot easily adapt to its surroundings.C.AIDS started through contac

14、t with inflected monkeys in a remote area.D.AIDS started through urbanization and mass inoculations.问题5选项A.How to Protect Yourself from AIDS?B.Where Does HIV Come From?C.Classification of HIV.D.When Did AIDS Begin?【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“Belgian Congo”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Location: T

15、he central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo.（地点：非洲中部城市利奥波德维尔，现称金沙萨，就在比属刚果解放后暴力叛乱浪潮爆发前不久。），比属刚果是比利时对刚果殖民统治时期对刚果的称呼，说明“Belgian Congo”是指“比利时的殖民地刚果”。因此B选项“刚果是比利时的一个殖民地”正确。A选项“比利时是刚果的一个殖民地”，C

16、选项“比属刚果是一个非洲国家”，D选项“比利时和刚果是两个独立的国家”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals to humans, according to a report published last week in

17、 Nature.（根据上周发表在自然杂志上的一份报告，利奥波德维尔样本是迄今为止分离出来的最古老的艾滋病病毒样本，现在可能有助于解开该病毒是如何以及何时从动物传染给人类的谜团。），说明人体内的HIV来源于动物。因此A选项“动物”正确。B选项“植物”，C选项“食物”，D选项“文章中没有提到”均不符合原文，所以B, C, D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Over the past 15 years, scientists have identified at least 10 subtypes of the AIDS virus. But they couldnt te

18、ll whether they were seeing variations on one changeable virus or the handiwork of several different viruses that had made the jump from primates to man.（在过去的15年里，科学家们已经确认了至少10种艾滋病病毒的亚型。但是他们不能确定他们看到的是一种可变病毒的变异，还是几种不同病毒从灵长类动物传染给人类的结果。），说明科学家还不能确定艾滋病病毒的十种亚型是一种的变异。因此C选项“科学家们目前还不能确定”正确。A选项“是”，B选项“不是”，D选

19、项“文章中没有提到”均不符合原文，所以A, B, D错误。4.客观细节题。A选项“所有的病毒菌株都可以追溯到一个单一事件”，由原文The clear implication: all the viral strains can be traced back to a single event or a closely related group of events.（显而易见的是：所有的病毒毒株都可以追溯到一个单一事件或一组密切相关的事件。）可知，病毒毒株不只可以追溯到单一时间，还有密切相关的一组事件，所以A错误。B选项“艾滋病病毒不容易适应其周围环境”，由原文The findings und

20、erscore how rapidly HIV can adapt to its surroundings（这些发现强调了艾滋病毒适应环境的速度有多快）可知，艾滋病病毒很容易适应周围环境，所以B错误。D选项“艾滋病是通过城市化和大规模接种开始的”，由原文spread to the rest of the population through urbanization and mass inoculations.（通过城市化和大规模接种传播到其他人群。）可知，艾滋病是通过城市化和大规模接种传播，而不是由其开始，所以D错误。C选项“艾滋病是通过与偏远地区的受感染的猴子接触开始的”，由原文AIDS

21、started through contact with infected monkeys in a remote area（艾滋病起源于与偏远地区受感染的猴子的接触）可知，艾滋病是通过与偏远地区受感染的猴子接触开始的，C选项符合原文，所以本题选C。5.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，文章首先描述了利奥波德维尔的一位看似健康的男性到医院抽血，25年后艾滋病研究者从中发现了艾滋病病毒。接着进一步强调并不只是发现了艾滋病病毒这么简单，之后介绍了该部分血液中发现的艾滋病毒并对其进行研究的重要意义。因此B选项“艾滋病病毒从何而来”符合文章的主旨，最适合作为文章标题。A选项“如何保护自己远离艾滋病”，C选项“

22、艾滋病病毒的分类”在文中没有提及，所以A, C错误。D选项“艾滋病是什么时候开始的”只是文章的某一部分，不能全面地概括文章主旨，所以D错误。5. 单选题Metal must be hammered and cooled rapidly to _ internal stress caused by heating.问题1选项A.retainB.releaseC.relieveD.replace【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retain“保持”；B选项release“释放”；C选项relieve“减轻”；D选项replace“取代”。句意：金属必须迅速锤击和冷却，以减轻加热引起的内应力。本

23、句减轻内应力。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Rosa is quiet and introverted (内向的), and she objects to _ her living room with dozens of people in the apartment.问题1选项A.shareB.sharingC.having sharedD.have shared【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：罗莎安静内向，她不喜欢和公寓里的几十个人一起住在自己的客厅里。object to doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“反对做某事”，排除A, D。C选项having shared是完成时，和题干

24、句子时态不符，排除C。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there a

25、nd then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than th

26、ey score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goaland so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they

27、follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,

28、” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of hat before?”The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as

29、it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from V to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and

30、 are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.1. What does the author probably mean by “untaught minds” in the first paragraph?2. According to the author, what differs innovators from non-innovator

31、s?3. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because _.4. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are _.5. The most suitable title for this passage might be _.问题1选项A.A person ignorant of the hard work involved in expe

32、rimentation.B.A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.C.A person who has had no education.D.An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.问题2选项A.The variety of ideas they have.B.The intelligence they possess.C.The way they deal with problems.D.The way they present the

33、ir findings.问题3选项A.Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativityB.the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing thingsC.the reader is familiar with Rudolph Fleschs point of viewD.the quotation adds a new idea to the informatio

34、n previously presented问题4选项A.diligent in pursuing their goalsB.reluctant to follow common ways of doing thingsC.devoted to the progress of scienceD.concerned about the advance of society问题5选项A.Discoveries and InnovationB.What Are So Special about Creative IndividualsC.To Be a Creative Expert in the

35、Study of Human CreativityD.The Relation between Creation and Diligence【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“untaught minds”可以定位到文章第一段第一句Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.（科学技术上的发明创造被“不知内情

36、者”看作是灵感的眩目闪现或戏剧性事件的结果。），接下来第二句以青霉素发明者弗莱明爵士为例，对首句进行反驳，说明科技发明的取得都是经过长期的艰苦实验，从失败走向成功的，只有那些不明真相、不知其艰辛的人才会把发明创造想象为灵感或戏剧性事件的产物，所以“untaught minds”在文中是指“不了解发明与革新的艰辛的人”。因此A选项“对实验中的艰苦工作一无所知的人”正确。B选项“一个限制个人创造力的社会的公民”，C选项“一个没有接受过教育的人”，D选项“一个经常偶然想出新点子的人”均不符合题意，所以B, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二句The prime differ

37、ence between innovation and others is one of approach.（有创造力的人与他人的最大区别在于他们对待事物的方法不同。），说明创新者与非创新者的区别在于对待事物的方法。因此C选项“处理问题的方式”正确。A选项“想法的多样性”，B选项“拥有的智慧”，D选项“展示他们的发现的方式”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing

38、 things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority.（语言权威人士鲁道夫弗莱什写道：“创造性思维可能仅仅意味着意识到按一贯的方式做事并没有什么特别的优点。”），说明作者引用弗莱什的话是为了支持自己的观点：有创造力的人经常探索做事的新方法。因此B想象“这段话加强了有创造力的人寻找新的做事方法的推断”正确。A选项“鲁道夫弗莱什是研究人类创造力的最著名的专家”，原文只说它是一位语言权威，和研究人类创造力无关，所以A错误。C选项“读者对鲁道夫弗莱什的观点很熟悉”在文中没有提及，所

39、以C错误。D选项“这段引文为前面介绍的信息增加了一个新的观点”，由原文可知，弗莱什的话和作者的看法是一致的，并未添加新的观点和思想，所以D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干关键词“march to a different drummer”可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.（极具创造力的人确实是与众不同的。），说明有创造力的人“不随波逐流，与其他人所走的道路或所持的思路不同”，这是对文章主旨的一个形象总结。因此B选项“不愿意遵循普通的做事方式”正确。A选项“勤奋地追求自己的

40、目标”，C选项“致力于科学的进步”，D选项“关注社会的进步”在文中均没有提及，所以A, C, D错误。5.主旨大意题。文章开头举例说明了发明及创新几乎都来自于反复尝试和失败，接着介绍了创新者与其他人的主要区别在于处理问题的方法，最后总结道极富创造性的人的确是标新立异的。因此B选项“有创造力的人有什么特别之处”最适合作为文章标题。A选项“发现与创新”表述太过宽泛，不适合作为文章标题，所以A错误。C选项“成为研究人类创造力的专家”，D选项“创造与勤奋的关系”在文中没有提及，所以C, D错误。8. 单选题Ever since Antarctic exploration began, men ente

41、ring on the frozen continent have taken for granted being completely cut off from the rest of civilization. Now all that has changed. In June 1967 I was proud to be aboard a history-making airingthe first to make a regularly scheduled flight to the Antarctica in the black of its winter night.A begin

42、ning was made in 1961, when a Soviet exchange scientist wintering at remote Byrd Station fell critically ill. Our Navy flew in and got him out, and he recovered. We flew in for another patient in 1964, and two more in 1966. All these flight were made on an emergency basisand of course at considerabl

43、e riskduring the months when, traditionally, Antarctica is cut off from the world. But, if we could get in and out safely in an emergency, why could we not fly inand with greater safetyon a regular, planned schedule?During the summer, Navy C-130s fly back and forth on routine over-ocean flights betw

44、een the Deep Freeze advance base at Christchurch, New Zealand and McMurdo Station, the main American scientific base in Antarctica. But all these flights are made in broad 24 hours daylight. Even in summer, flying to and from Antarctica is hazardous. A man down in that icy water could live only abou

45、t 10 minutes. In winters darkness and more intense coldness, the perils are multiplied. An aircraft down at sea or on the “ice” (our everyday term for Antarctica) can be a lot harder to find at night than in daylight.Yet, despite these hazards, we had strong reason to open up Antarctica in winter. S

46、cientists working in universities in the United States have summer free for research. Regular fly-ins allow us to deliver them and pick them up in time to resume their academic duty. Obviously, the flights would be popular with the men in the ice and good for morale, for they would carry in mail and

47、 fresh provisions.1. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?2. Before June 1967, there were regularly scheduled flights _.3. Our Navy flew in: what was special about this flight?4. Which of the following can we infer from the passage?5. The flight was welcomed by the

48、men in the Antarctica because _.问题1选项A.The writer was aboard on history-making airplane flights in June, 1967.B.A Soviet exchange scientist fell critically ill when I was in the Antarctica.C.June is the winter in the Antarctica.D.My trip to the Antarctica was the first regularly scheduled flight to

49、the Antarctica.问题2选项A.only in the Antarctic summerB.only in the Antarctic winterC.in both summer and winterD.only on an emergency basis问题3选项A.As a result of it, the sick man recovered.B.It was in the Antarctica winter.C.It was an international assistancethe U.S. was coming to the help of a Soviet sc

50、ientist.D.All of the above.问题4选项A.The writer was frightened by the hazard in the Antarctica.B.The writer was restrained by the coldness in the Antarctica.C.The writer is suggesting opening up the Antarctica in winter.D.The writer wishes to be a scientist working in the Antarctica.问题5选项A.it sends mor

51、e companions to themB.they can resume their academic dutyC.they will have a chance to get the news from their families and friendsD.they can go back on the return flight【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.客观细节题。A选项“作者在1967年6月登上了创造历史的飞机航班”，由原文In June 1967 I was proud to be aboard a history-making airi

52、ng（1967年6月，我很自豪地登上了一架创造历史的飞机）可知，作者在1967年6月登上了一架创造历史的飞机，A选项表述正确，排除A。C选项“六月是南极洲的冬天”，由原文In June 1967the first to make a regularly scheduled flight to the Antarctica in the black of its winter night.（1967年6月第一次在漆黑的冬夜乘坐定期航班前往南极洲。）可知，六月是南极洲的冬天，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“我的南极之行是第一次前往南极洲的定期航班”，由原文the first to make a r

53、egularly scheduled flight to the Antarctica in the black of its winter night.（第一次在漆黑的冬夜乘坐定期航班前往南极洲。）可知，作者乘坐的是第一次前往南极洲的定期航班，D选项表述正确，排除D。B选项“我在南极洲时，一位苏联交换科学家病得很重”，由原文A beginning was made in 1961, when a Soviet exchange scientist wintering at remote Byrd Station fell critically ill.（事情开始于1961年，当时一名苏联交换

54、科学家在遥远的伯德站过冬时得了重病。）可知，这位苏联科学家得病时作者还没有去南极洲，B选项不符合原文，所以本题选B。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四句All these flight were made on an emergency basis（所有这些飞行都是在紧急情况下进行的），说明只有在紧急情况下才有飞往南极洲的航班。因此D选项“只在紧急情况下”正确。A选项“只有在南极洲的夏天”，B选项“只在南极洲的冬天”，C选项“在夏季和冬季都有”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句A beginning was made in

55、 1961, when a Soviet exchange scientist wintering at remote Byrd Station fell critically ill. Our Navy flew in and got him out, and he recovered.（事情开始于1961年，当时一名苏联交换科学家在遥远的伯德站过冬时得了重病。我们的海军飞过去把他救了出来，他康复了。），所以A选项“它的结果是，那个病人康复了”，B选项“是在南极洲的冬天”，C选项“这是一次国际援助美国来帮助一位苏联科学家”均属于这次飞行的特点。因此D选项“以上都是”正确。4.客观细节题。由题

56、干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Yet, despite these hazards, we had strong reason to open up Antarctica in winter.（然而，尽管有这些危险，我们还是有充分的理由在冬天开放南极洲。），说明作者支持在冬天开放南极洲。因此C选项“作者建议在冬天开放南极洲”正确。A选项“作者被南极洲的危险吓坏了”，B选项“作者被南极洲的寒冷所束缚”，由原文可知，作者认为人们可以克服南极洲冬天存在的困难，所以A, B错误。D选项“作者希望成为一名在南极洲工作的科学家”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一

57、句Obviously, the flights would be popular with the men in the ice and good for morale, for they would carry in mail and fresh provisions.（显然，这些飞行会受到冰天雪地里的人们的欢迎，也会鼓舞士气，因为它们可以送来邮件和新鲜的食物。），说明飞行受到南极洲的人们欢迎的原因是它们可以送来邮件消息。因此C选项“他们有机会得到家人和朋友的消息”正确。A选项“送来了更多的同伴”，B选项“可以继续他们的学术任务”，D选项“可以乘坐返程航班回去”均不符合题意，所以A, B,

58、D错误。9. 单选题The Government has promised to do _ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the homeless.问题1选项A.whatB.allC.thatD.which【答案】A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：政府承诺尽其所能缓解无家可归者的困难。what lies in its power是一个宾语从句，作动词do的宾语，what在从句中做主语。all不能引导宾语从句，排除B选项。that在宾语从句中不能做主语，排除C选项。which引导宾语从句是意为“哪一个”，不符合句意，排除D选项。因此A选项正确。

59、10. 单选题We havent seen our neighbor for over a week. They _ on a trip abroad.问题1选项A.could goB.must goC.may have goneD.should have gone【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的使用。A选项could表示过去的时间会做某事；B选项must表示必须做某事，C选项may have done表示对过去所发生动作的猜测，D选项should have done表示本应该做某事而没做。句意：我们已经一个多星期没见到邻居了。他们可能去国外旅行了。本句表示对过去动作的猜测。因此C选项正确。1

60、1. 单选题When we sold our ranch and moved to town, mother had decided _ open a day nursery.问题1选项A.toB.onC.inD.for【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：当我们卖掉农场搬到镇上时，母亲决定开一个日间托儿所。decide to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”。其他三项不能和decide搭配。因此A选项正确。12. 单选题He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he _ out of a painting by Xu Beiho

61、ng.问题1选项A.comeB.has comeC.is comingD.had come【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：它是一匹很漂亮的马，好像是从徐悲鸿的画里出来的。as though引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反时，从句用过去完成时。主句He was a beautiful horse是过去时，所以从句用过去完成时had come。因此D选项正确。13. 单选题In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the bodys system for reacting to things that can harm usthe so-cal

62、led fight-or-flight response. “An animal that cant detect danger cant stay alive,” says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats. At its core is a cluster of neurons (神经元) deep in the brain known as the amygdale (扁桃核).

63、LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situationI think this charging dog wants to bite meand triggers a response by radiat