2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前模拟强化练习题87（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 填空题Ill be（1） if Martin and Silvia get married. They seem to quarrel all the time. I have trouble believing that any union of theirs would（2） .【答案】surprised; survive【解析】1.语义题。句意：如果马丁和希维亚结婚了，我会感到惊讶。2.语义题。句意: 他们好像一直在吵架。我不大相信他们这样的结合会持续长久。他们一直在吵架,我觉得可能很难维系下来,所以填survive。

2、2. 单选题I hope that we can agree to take an unified approach to dealing with the opposition to our project proposal. We need to coordinate our efforts.问题1选项A.hope that we can agreeB.take an unifiedC.to dealingD.effortsE.没有错误【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。B项去掉冠词an。take unified approach 采取一致的手段。3. 填空题“Dida” is（1） people

3、 usually call this university.（2） it is a comprehensive university, the earth sciences are still its main research focus. There is（3）university associated with it, in Wuhan.【答案】1.what2.Although3.another【解析】1.语法题。what在此处引导表语从句, 在从句中充当宾语。2.逻辑分析。由后句的still(仍然)推测前后句为让步关系。3.语义题。句意: 武汉还有一所与之相关的大学。4. 单选题to

4、acclaim A as X: to praise A publicly and enthusiastically as X.an anatomist: a medical scientist who cuts open dead bodies to study them to commission X: to order X (to be made or obtained) a corpse: a dead body to disinter: to unbury gynecology: the medical field dealing with womens diseases a henc

5、hman: a supporter or assistant willing to use violence or criminal means leukemia: blood cancer lucrative profitable a midwife: a person trained to help women give birthobese: very fat obstetrics: the medical field that deals with pregnancy and the delivery of babies pajamas: light clothes for sleep

6、ing in a par: a level a poorhouse: (historical) a public shelter in which jobless poor people were fed in exchange for work a practitioner: someone works actively in (a profession) proximity: nearness a serial killer: someone who murder a number of people in separate incidents Sherlock Holmes: the m

7、ost famous detective in English literature a spree: a period of wild activity unsavoury: dishonest, untrustworthy and probably involved in crime1. William hunter and William Smellie commissioned a regular supply of corpses so they could study the physical effects of pregnancy, argues respected histo

8、rian Don Shelton. These men are giants of medicine, pioneers of the care that women receive during childbirth and were the founding fathers of obstetrics. The names of William hunter and William Smellie still inspire respect among todays doctors, more than 250 years after they made their contributio

9、ns to healthcare, Such were the duos reputations as outstanding physicians the clienteles of their private practices included the rich and famous of mid-18th-centruy London.2. But were they also serial killers? New research published in the JOURNAL OF THE Royal Society of Medicine (JRSM) claims that

10、 they were. A detailed historical study accuses the doctors of arranging for the killing of dozens of women, many in the later stages of pregnancy, to dissect their corpses. “Smellie and Hunter were responsible for a series of 18th-century burking murders of pregnant women, with a death total greate

11、r than the combined murders committed by Burke and Hare and Jack the Ripper” writes Shelton. (“Burking” involved murdering people to order, usually for medical research; to avoid trouble with the law, it was important to kill the victims in such a way that they seemed to have died of natural causes.

12、 The verb “to burke” is derived from the name of William Burke, an Irishman convicted in Endinburgh in 1829of killing people so he could sell their bodies for medical experiments.)3. According to Shelton, Hunter and Smellie were between them responsible for the murders of-40 pregnant women and their

13、 unborn children. Acting separately, and using henchmen to deliver. Their supply, they organized a killing spree in London between 1749 and 1755and, after a period of inactivity enforced by mounting suspicion about the source of heir corpses, resumed between 1764 and 1774. Motivated by ego, personal

14、 rivalry and a shared desire to benefit from being acclaimed as the foremost childbirth doctors of their time, Hunter and Smellie sacrificed life after life in their quests to study pregnancys physical effects and to develop new techniques, the author says. “Although it sounds absolutely incredible,

15、 the circumstantial literary evidence suggests they were most likely competing with each other in experimenting with secret caesarean sections on conscious, or freshly murdered, victims, with a view to extracting and reviving the babies,” Shelton told the Observer.”4. Shelton examined the mens anato

16、mical atlases, containing detailed images ofpregnant women who had been opened up, and medical literature and the causes of death in London at the time. Glasgows Hunterian museum and gallery is named after Scottish-born Hunter, who in 1762 became physician to Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, He

17、helped her to deliver the future king George IV, Smellie, a fellow Scot, is no less distinguished, From Witchcraft to Wisdom, a textbook on the history of obstetric and gynaecological medicine, hails him as “the greatest obstetrician in the history of British obstetrics”. He has also been called “th

18、e father of British midwifery”.5. Shelton, though, regards the duo as on a par with Burke and Hare, who murdered 17 citizens of Edinburgh in 1827 and 1828, selling their remains to a local anatomist, The London of Hunter and Smellies time was unhealthy and semi-anarchic, and early death from disease

19、 was widespread, as was grave robbing. In his JRSM paper, Shelton claims to prove that the rival doctors could not have obtained their supply of corpses by any other means than murder. It was rare for Mothers-to-be to die or be murdered soon before they were due to give birth, says the historian, Pe

20、ople from poorhouses who died were usually old, unwell or children, Thus the grave robbers of the time could not have fulfilled the obstetricians need for such a specific type of female, Concludes Shelton.6. Each used an assistant to commission killers, he says, naming Dr Colin Mackenzie as Smellies

21、 accomplice and John Hunter-Williams brother, who was a celebrated anatomistas his helper. Young women from the countryside were apparently favourite targets in a city where plenty of people “disappeared”. “There is great suspicion about the abundance of undelivered ninthmonth corpses procured, diss

22、ected and depicted in the anatomical atlases of Smellie and Hunter,” writes Shelton. “The impossibility of supply from random resurrections, taken with a careful analysis of events, and of 18dl-century medical literature, shows compelling evidence for burking,” By 1755 rumours were circulating that

23、the women in Smellies journal had been murdered, and associates began pressing him on their origins. “As a result Smellie and Hunter both halted their research, both presumably fearing trial and execution,” although Hunterwho used his links to powerful families to ensure no investigation was ever un

24、dertakenresumed ordering murders, about once a year, in 1764, Shelton adds.7. Anthony Kenny, a gynaecologist in London for 40 years until his retirement in 2007, said: “These two guys are my heroes. The idea that they could have been involved in the murder of subjects is absolutely staggering.” Kenn

25、y is now the curator of the museum of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. “They were the first proper obstetricians in the country because of their pioneering work practicing what was then still a new branch of medicine.” While Kenny describes Sheltons paper as “extremely impressi

26、ve” in its research, he cannot believe that his heroes were guilty of such terrible crimes. The trade in corpses was very lucrative and probably attracted unsavoury, unscrupulous characters, he pointed out.”And it could be that they didnt make proper inquiries as to the origins of the bodies, and so

27、 may not have known that the women were murdered.8. Ludmilla Jordanova, a professor of modem history at Kings College London who specializes in the history of medicine, says Sheltons assertion that Hunter and Smellie could not have come across so many dead pregnant women from any other source as “a

28、striking claim, important research. is revealing the complexities of anatomical activities in 18thcentury London. This is an exciting and controversial area of historical investigation.” While Shelton acknowledges that the idea of pioneering medical researchers resorting to burking is shocking. He l

29、ikes to quote Sherlock Holmes, “When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, is the truth.”1.According to the information in paragraph 2, William Burke （ ）2.According to Don Shelton, pregnant women in 18th century London （ ）,3.The strongest support for Sheltons thes

30、is comes from（ ） .4.In paragraph6, the word apparently means （ ）.5.What Shelton writes about the pioneering gynecologists Hunter andSmellie （ ）.问题1选项A.was a henchman of Hunter and SmellieB.gave his name to the practice of killing people without leaving any signs of murderC.is believed to have killed

31、 people for his own medical researchD.made money by killing people to provide bodies for medical research问题2选项A.Generally were not very likely to die in the last month of pregnancyB.Seldom died soon after giving birthC.were a very small part of the overall urban populationD.were quite numerous in it

32、s many poorhouses问题3选项A.the testimony of contemporary eyewitnessesB.statistics and probabilityC.police records of the timeD.literary reports of the abundant violence and crime in 18th century London问题4选项A.it is obvious thatB.there is no doubt thatC.it appears thatD.some people assert that问题5选项A.seem

33、s quite persuasive to Anthony KennyB.appalls and horrifies Anthony KennyC.clears them, in Anthony Kennys opinion, of any guilt or blame.D.Seems completely groundless to Anthony Kenny【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段对William Burke进行了解释: an Irishman convicted in Endinburgh in 1829of killing

34、 people so he could sell their bodies for medical experiments(爱尔兰人, 1829年在恩丁堡被判杀人罪-出售尸体进行医学实验)。故选D。2.细节事实题。第五段指出: It was rare for Mothers-to-be to die or be murdered soon before they were due to give birth, says the historian, People from poorhouses who died were usually old, unwell or children(这位历史

35、学家说，母亲在临产前不久死亡或被谋杀是很罕见的，来自贫民区的人通常都是老人、不舒服或孩子)。故选A。3.推理判断题。文章多出提到Sheltons的理论来源。第二段提到JOURNAL OF THE Royal Society of Medicine(皇家医学会杂志),后面又提到medical literature(医学文献)。故选D: 18世纪伦敦大量暴力和犯罪的文学报道。4.词义题。此处句意为: 在一个很多人都“消失”了的城市里，来自农村的年轻妇女显然是最受欢迎的目标。5.推理判断题。第七段: The idea that they could have been involved in the

36、 murder of subjects is absolutely staggering(他们可能参与了谋杀目标的说法绝对令人震惊), 后面也表达了他们难以置信的态度。故选B。5. 填空题Were（1） a lot of trouble（2） our new TV set. We only （3）it last month, but we already need to call a repairman to fix it. I （4）that the set is as good as we were told it was in the store. My wife （5）me not t

37、o trust that salesman!【答案】1.having2.with3.bought4.doubt5.told【解析】1.固定搭配。Have trouble with 在某方面有麻烦/困难2.固定搭配。3.语义题。句意:我们上个月才买的。4.语义题。doubt 怀疑。5.语义题。Tell 告诉。Told在这里暗含 “警告”之意。6. 填空题（1） to the Canadian media, there is widespread （2）of the governments plan to reform higher education. Angry （3）against the

38、measure have been organized in several major cities.【答案】1.according;2.criticism;3.people【解析】1.固定搭配。According to 根据。2.语义题。第二空填名词，由后面的关键信息Angry和against可知填criticism (批评)符合题意。3.语义题。第三空为主语的一部分,谓语动词为organized (组织), 同时受Angry修饰，结合上下文可以填people。7. 单选题I am told that Professor Atkins has already visited this si

39、te for five times since the area was opened to geologists in 2007.问题1选项A.I am toldB.has already visitedC.for five timesD.was opened to geologistsE.没有错误【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。opened应改为open, be open to对开放。8. 单选题There was one thing that shocked me about the Queen when he walked into the room with Mrs. Obama, na

40、mely her height; the British monarch is only 163 cm tall, much shorter than I had imagined.问题1选项A.shocked me aboutB.when he walked into theC.namelyD.had imagined.E.没有问题【答案】B【解析】人称代词误用。he改为she。句中queen （女王）指的是女性。9. 单选题Toronto is some 475 km in the northwest of New York, while Vancouver, only 200 km fr

41、om Seattle, is even closer to a major American city.问题1选项A.is some 475B.in the northwest ofC.while Vancouver, only 200D.even closer to a major American cityE.没有错误【答案】B【解析】介词误用。去掉in,此处表示位于西北方向（一般用to the northwest of somewhere）,shi大致方向,并非指具体位置。10. 单选题When the people at the front desk of the hotel near

42、 the oil filed heard that my colleague and I were from China, they let us pay a higher price for our rooms than local people.问题1选项A.the people at the front deskB.near the oil filedC.let us payD.for our rooms than local peopleE.没有错误【答案】C【解析】短语辨析。let改为make。let sb.do侧重表示“允许做某事”,而句中侧重表示让做某事，使做某事。make sb

43、. do 使做某事。11. 单选题Finally he lowered his eves in a show of respect and said, That room is reserved for honored guests from rich countries. I was so shocking that I didnt know how to reply.问题1选项A.lowered his eves inB.a show of respectC.honored guestsD.was so shockingE.没有错误【答案】D【解析】形容词误用。shocking改为shoc

44、ked。句意:最后，他目光低垂以表尊敬，并且说:那个房间时专门招待富裕国家的尊客。我感到非常震惊,以至于不知道如何回答。shocking 令人震惊的。shocked 感到震惊的。12. 单选题Just as one needs a J.D. to become a lawyer in America, one must obtain a M.D. in order to qualify as a physician, though the degree is not the only requirement.问题1选项A.Just as one needs a J.DB.a M.DC.qual

45、ify as aD.though the degree is not the onlyE.没有问题【答案】E【解析】13. 单选题The panel of distinguished scientists gathered in Cambridge to discuss the evidences in support of Dr. Thistlethwaites revolutionary hypothesis.问题1选项A.The panel of distinguished scientistsB.in CambridgeC.discuss the evidences inD.suppo

46、rt ofE.没有问题【答案】C【解析】语法题。名词的单复数。evidences 改为 evidence。evidence:表示证据，只能用单数。14. 单选题Even if few observers would classify China as a truly child-centered society, Chinese culture undoubtedly places a high value on their children.问题1选项A.Even if fewB.would classifyC.as a truly child-centered societyD.on th

47、eir childrenE.没有错误【答案】D【解析】代词误用。去掉their。句子主语为Chinese culture, 根据句子结构推断their指代的是Chinese culture, 显然不合适。15. 单选题1. Recent reports that bedbugs 臭虫have infiltrated office buildings, movie theaters and stores in New York did not come as a surprise to Wes Tyler, general manager of a prestigious hotel in do

48、wntown San Francisco. “Short of putting a bedbug-sniffing beagle at your door to check every arriving guest before they come in, youre going to get bedbugs，” he said. “Dealing with them is the cost of doing business these days.”2. An employee first discovered a bedbug in the 137-room hotel in 2003,

49、and Mr. Tylerhas since instituted a comprehensive bedbug detection program to find the blood-sucking insects before a guest does. For starters, Mr. Tyler created a position called “bedbug technician”an employee whose sole job is to go from room to room checking for bedbugs. There is also a bedbug bo

50、unty of $10 paid to any employee who finds one. If a bedbug is found, the room and all adjacent room are taken out of service for up to five days while they are steam-cleaned and chemically treated to eliminate the bugs and their eggs. The mattresses in the rooms are also discarded. The total cost f

51、or each room is $2,500, including lost bookings. “It sounds like a lot of money, but the value of a good reputation is infinite,” Mr. Tyler said, “Your biggest fear is that someone will get bitten and post something about it on an online travel site, and thatd be a killer.”3. Bedbugs used to be sole

52、ly a residential problem, but they are showing up in commercial settings, and not just in places with beds like hotels, nursing homes and apartment complexes. Increasingly, pest control companies report finding bedbugs in office buildings, movie theaters, clothing stores, food plants, factories and

53、even airplanes. For the affected businesses, the expense can run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars. For the companies that deal with the scourge, it is a bonanza, with business doubling and tripling.4. The costs of coping with bedbugs are significant, and they are not covered by most insuran

54、ce policies because they are seen as a maintenance issue. Hiring bedbug-sniffing dogs, which is considered the most effective detection technique, costs about $250 for a 1,200-square-foot retail store and as much as $10,000 for a million-square-foot department store. To stay ahead of bedbugs, I reco

55、mmend using the dogs to do a thorough inspection quarterly/ said Pepe Peruyero, chief executive of a company in Florida that trains bedbug-sniffing dogs and offers inspections for large buildings like department stores and school dormitories. However, he added, many customers cannot afford it and in

56、stead choose to rely on the vigilance of employees after an initial dog check comes up clean.5. Eliminating infestations is also costly, ranging from $750 for a few rooms in an office building to $70,000 for a large apartment complex. And that is just for the application of the combination of pestic

57、ides that kills bedbugs. It costs an additional 40 percent for the most thorough regimen: placing all the contents of an office or retail space into a heat chamber bedbugs die at 120 degrees Fahrenheit and then spraying pesticides in the temporarily empty rooms. It takes about four to seven hours pe

58、r room” for the combination heat and pesticide procedure and a couple of hours on three separate occasions if using pesticides alone, said Judy Black, technical director for a large firm based in Charlotte, North Carolina, which provides pest control and other quality control services to commercial

59、customers. Getting rid of bedbugs is not quick or easy.”6. Businesses lose money when they have to interrupt operations. In addition, they may have to destroy bedbug-infested merchandise. One well-known chain of sporting goods stores, for example, had to close two of its outlets in New York in July,

60、 one for four business days and another for five, to deal with bedbug infestations. A representative confirmed disposing of merchandise but declined to comment on the cost.7. The managements of the Empire State Building (a famous New York City skyscraper) and the AMC Theater chain were similarly tig

61、ht lipped about the cost of dealing with recent bedbug infestations. Nobody wants to talk about this even though its happening everywhere, said Ron Harrison, director of technical services for a Atlanta-based pest control company whose commercial business has more than tripled since 2008. I spoke be

62、fore a chapter of the National Apartment Association in one Alabama city and asked for a show of hands of those who had experienced problems with bedbugs, and not a single hand went up yet right there in front of me were three of our customers who I know had used our services to dead with bedbugs in

63、 their commercial property.8. The silence, of course, is to avoid the stigma of an infestation. Even if businessesmanage to avoid media attention, they may end up on one of several websites like and , which encourage people to report hotels, apartment complexes, offices and retailers where they saw or were bitten by bedbugs. Its been nonstop drama dealing with hotels disputing claims, said Matt Ceglowski, a computer programmer in San Francisco who started in November 2006 a