2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第92期

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1、2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题II. Translate the following passage into English on your ANSWER SHEET. (10%)中国坚持走低消耗、低排放、高效益、高产出的新型工业化道路，是国际社会加强环境保护、应对气候变化、实现可持续发展努力的重要组成部分。我们期待得到包括东亚国家在内的国际社会的大力支持。中国将本着“共同但有区别的责任”原则，承担应有的国际责任和义务。【答案】China is striving to embark on a new path to industrializat

2、ion that features low consumption of resources, low emissions, high efficiency and high output, and this is an integral part of international efforts to protect the environment, address climate change and achieve sustainable development. We look forward to the strong support for our efforts from the

3、 international community, particularly our East Asian neighbors. China will shoulder its due international responsibilities and obligations in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.2. 填空题Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there a

4、re altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)e.g., 1. The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: begunbegane.g., 2. Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats i

5、n the theatre when the curtains went up. Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (Scarcely) had (they)e.g., 3. Never will 1 not do it again.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: not Stephen William Hawking, one of the greatest theoretical physicists in the world, suffers from a rare slow-progressing form of amyot

6、rophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease. 21. As ALS has made Stephen William Hawking a virtual prisoner in his own body, 22. it has left his courage and humor intact, his intellect freely to roam. 23. And roam it does, from the infinitesimal to the infinite, from the subat

7、omic realm to the far reaches of a universe. In the course of these mental expeditions, 24. Hawking has conceived startling new theories about black holes and the disorderly events that immediately followed the Big Bang in which the universe sprang.25. Without his wife Jane, Hawking has always empha

8、sized, his career might ever have soared. 26. She married him shortly after he diagnosed with ALS, fully aware of the dreadful, progressive nature of the disease, giving him hope and the will to carry on with his studies.They had three children in the early stages of their marriage, and later, 27. a

9、s he became increasingly disabled, she devoted herself to care for his every need. 28. After years of apparently harmonious marriage, therefore, serious disagreements began appearing. As awards poured in for Stephen, Janecompetent and intelligent herselfbegan to resent living in his shadow. Deeply r

10、eligious, she was also offended by his disbelief of the existence of the God. 29. Particularly annoyed to her was his concept that the universe might be completely self-contained, having no boundary or edge, no beginning or end. If that were true, he asked challengingly, “What place, then, for a cre

11、ator?” 30. Still, friends were shocked in 1990 when Hawking abruptly ended their 25-year marriage, moving in with one of his nurse.【答案】21. AsWhile /Although22. freelyfree23. athe24. infrom25. evernever26. (he) was (diagnosed)27. carecaring28. thereforehowever29. annoyedannoying30. nursenurses【解析】21.

12、as引导让步状语从句时主句需要部分倒装，而句子是陈述语气所以需要把as换成although或者while。22.intellect是名词，但是freely是副词，副词一般修饰动词不修饰名词，所以应该把freely改为其形容词形式。23.universe是专属名词，表示的是独一无二的事物，所以不能用不定冠词修饰，所以应该把不定冠词改为定冠词。24.定语从句中关系代词前的介词主要是根据后面的动词或者形容词的搭配来确定的，从句中的动词只有sprang（spring的过去分词），这里从句句意是“宇宙起源于（大爆炸）”，由此这里的介词应该是from，和spring组成固定搭配 spring from“起

13、源于”。25.这里根据句意应该是“霍金总是强调，没有他的气质，他的事业不会起飞”，所以这里的ever应该改为否定词never。26.这里霍金应该是被诊断出患上渐冻症，所以应该加上助动词。27.这里根据固定搭配devote oneself to doing/ n. 所以应该把care改为caring。28.在多年表面和谐的婚姻之后，两人之间剧烈的分歧开始出现了。两个分句之间不存在因果或者顺承关系，应该是转折关系，所以应该把therefore改为however。29.annoyed“感到生气的”，一般用来形容人She is hurt and annoyed that the authorities

14、 have banned her from working with children.“她因当局禁止她做儿童工作而伤心恼怒”，因为政府不让她从事儿童工作，所以她感到恼怒，这时annoyed是用来形容人，生气的人。annoying“令人生气的”，一般用来形容物，Her most annoying habit was eating with her mouth open“她最让人讨厌的习惯就是张着嘴吃东西”，她张嘴吃饭这个习惯令人很讨厌，这里annoying是形容习惯，让人生气的习惯。根据句意来说是他对宇宙的猜想让她感到生气，这里形容词应该是形容概念，所以应该把annoyed改为annoying

15、。30.one of后面需要加名词的复数形式，所以nurse后面应该用复数形式，根据句意也可以理解虽然霍金只能跟一个人结婚，但是他的护士绝对不止一个。3. 单选题Patrick has never learned a foreign language, _.问题1选项A.nor does he think he has toB.neither he thinks he has toC.he thinks he has not to, eitherD.he doesnt think he has to【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. nor does he think he has to 他也

16、不认为他有必要 B. neither he thinks he has to 他也不认为他有必要C. he thinks he has not to, either 他认为他也没必要 D. he doesnt think he has to 他认为他没必要【考查点】表否定的用法。【解题思路】由never可知，空格前半句表示否定的含义，所以如果后半部分表示“也一样”应该用nor（也不是）；且nor也是否定词，放在句首要部分倒装，故把情态动词或者助动词提前，A项符合。【干扰项排除】B选项neither表示“两者中没有一个”，不符合句意，排除；C选项either一般用于肯定句中；D选项没有连接词an

17、d，不能与前面的主句构成一个句子。【句意】帕特里克从来没有学过一门外语，他也不认为他必须学。4. 单选题More _ than not, Dad is the last one to speak.问题1选项A.alwaysB.oftenC.frequentD.so【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. always 总是 B. often 经常C. frequent 频繁的 D. so 这样【考查点】固定搭配【解题思路】根据前后有More _ than not推断，本题考查的是固定搭配more often than not“通常；往往”，因此，B选项often“经常”符合搭配要求。另外as oft

18、en as not也表示“通常；往往”。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文搭配。【句意】父亲通常是最后一个讲话的。5. 单选题The car manufacturer has laid _ 1, 000workers because of the drop in sales.问题1选项A.outB.downC.asideD.off【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. out 向外 B. down 向下C. aside 离开，在旁边 D. off 离开【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】由the drop in sales（销量下降）可知，空格处应该表示“解雇了1000名工人”，lay off固定

19、搭配，表示“解雇，停止工作”。因此，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项lay out（展示，安排）、B选项lay down（放下，制定）、C选项lay aside（搁置，留存）均不符合句意。【句意】由于销量下降，这家汽车制造商已经解雇了1000名工人。6. 单选题Dont talk _ you are eating.问题1选项A.whileB.whenC.asD.as soon as【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. while 当时候 B. when 当时候C. as 正当时候 D. as soon as 一就【考查点】时间连词的辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“吃饭的时候不要说话”，“说话”

20、和“吃饭”都是延续性动作，并且从句部分“吃饭的时候”使用的是现在进行时，。因此，时间连词应该使用A选项while“当时候”。【干扰项排除】B选项when的用法：表示“每当时候”，暗示一种规律性的情况时；主句是一个暂时性动作，从句是一个延续性动作；C选项as的用法：主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”的意思时；两个正在发展变化的情况，相当于“随着”；主句是一个暂时性动作，从句是一个延续性动作；D选项as soon as“一就”，表示两个动作几乎同时发生，不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】吃饭的时候不要说话。7. 单选题Ours is a society that tries to keep

21、the world sharply divided into masculine and feminine, not because that is the way the world is, but because that is the way we believe it should be. It takes unwavering belief and considerable effort to keep this division. It also leads us to make some fairly foolish judgments, particularly about l

22、anguage.Because we think that language also should be divided into masculine and feminine we have become very skilled at ignoring anything that will not fit our preconceptions. We would rather change what we hear than change our ideas about the gender division of the world. We will call assertive gi

23、rls unfeminine, and supportive boys effeminate, and try to change them while still retaining our stereotypes of masculine and feminine talk.This is why some research on sex differences and language has been so interesting. It is an illustration of how wrong we can be. Of the many investigators who s

24、et out to find the stereotyped sex differences in language, few have had any positive results. It seems that our images of serious taciturn (沉默的) male speakers and gossipy garrulous (饶舌) female speakers are just that: images.Many myths associated with masculine and feminine talk have had to be disca

25、rded as more research has been undertaken. If females do use more trivial words than males, stop talking in mid-sentence, or talk about the same things over and over again, they do not do it when investigators are around.None of these characteristics of female speech have been found. And even when s

26、ex differences have been found, the question arises as to whether the difference is in the eye-or ear-of the beholder, rather than in the language.Pitch provides one example. We believe that males were meant to talk in low pitched voices and females in high pitched voices. We also believe that low p

27、itch is more desirable. Well, it has been found that this difference cannot be explained by anatomy.If males do not speak in high pitched voices, it is not usually because they are unable to do so. The reason is more likely to be that there are penalties. Males with high pitched voices are often the

28、 object of ridicule. But pitch is not an absolute, for what is considered the right pitch for males varies from country to country.1. The passage implies that the authors attitude towards the division of feminine talk and masculine talk is _.2. What does the word “effeminate” (Para 2) mean?3. The au

29、thor uses pitch as an example in order to indicate _.4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the stereotype of feminine talk?5. Males do not speak loudly because _.问题1选项A.assertiveB.snobbishC.approvingD.critical问题2选项A.Unfeminine.B.Powerful.C.Obedient.D.Unmasculine.问题3选项A.that pitch is not a goo

30、d example to explain the sex differences in languageB.that males should talk in low pitched voices and females in high pitched voicesC.that sex differences in language cannot be well illustratedD.that sex differences lie in eye or ear of the beholder, rather than in the language问题4选项A.Always using t

31、rivial words.B.Repeat the same thing over and over.C.Stop talking when the sentence is not finished.D.None of the above.问题5选项A.males are unable to do soB.males are afraid of being laughed atC.high pitch is a characteristic of female speech rather than male speechD.anatomy has proved that males tend

32、to have lower pitches than females【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The passage implies that the authors attitude towards the division of feminine talk and masculine talk is _. 1. 这篇文章暗示了作者对女性话语和男性话语划分的态度是_。A. assertive A. 肯定的，独断的B. snobbish B. 势利的C. approving C. 赞成的D. critical D. 批判的【考查点】

33、观点态度题。【解题思路】根据第一段最后两句“要保持这种划分，需要坚定的信念和相当大的努力（considerable effort）。它也会让我们做出一些相当愚蠢（fairly foolish）的判断，尤其是在语言方面。”，从considerable和fairly foolish可以看出，作者对于男性和女性语言上的划分是批判的态度。因此，D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“肯定的，独断的”、B选项“势利的”曲解原文；C选项“赞成的”与原文相反，反向干扰。2.【选项释义】2. What does the word “effeminate” (Para 2) mean? 2. 第二段中的effemina

34、te是什么意思？A. Unfeminine. A. 不像女性的。B. Powerful. B. 强大的。C. Obedient. C. 顺从的。D. Unmasculine. D. 无男子汉气概的。【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据effeminate定位至第二段最后一句“我们会说自信的女孩是非女性化的（unfeminine），能给予支持和帮助的男孩是effeminate，并试图改变他们，同时仍然保留我们的男性和女性谈话的刻板印象”，从中可知，effeminate与unfeminine是相对应的，自信的女生被认为是非女性化，那么能给予支持和帮助的男孩会被认为非男性化，所以推测effemin

35、ate表示“非男性化”的意思。D项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“不像女性的”与原文相反，属于反向干扰；B选项“强大的”、C选项“顺从的”属于曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. The author uses pitch as an example in order to indicate _. 3. 作者以音高为例来表示_。A. that pitch is not a good example to explain the sex differences in language A. 这个音高并不能很好地解释语言中的性别差异B. that males should talk in low pit

36、ched voices and females in high pitched voices B. 男性应该用低音调说话，女性应该用高音调说话C. that sex differences in language cannot be well illustrated C. 语言中的性别差异无法很好地说明D. that sex differences lie in eye or ear of the beholder, rather than in the language D. 性别差异在于观察者的眼睛或耳朵，而不是语言【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先，根据关键词pitch定位至倒数第二

37、段，该段讲述了以pitch为例的内容：我们习惯认为男性是低音调，女性是高音调，但是解剖学也无法解释这种音高差异；也就是说音高中的性别差异无法很好地说明。然后看到上一段讲到“这些女性语言特征都没有被发现。即使已经发现了性别差异，问题还是出在观察者的眼睛上或者耳朵上，而不是语言上。”，可知即使知道了性别差异，也是我们的眼睛或者耳朵发现的，并不能从语言上来很好区分，作者以pitch为例就是做一个类比，所以同样地，语言中的性别差异也无法很好地说明。C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“这个音高并不能很好地解释语言中的性别差异”并不是作者以音高为例的目的，张冠李戴；B选项“男性应该用低音调说话，女性应该用高音

38、调说话”并不是使用音高作为例子的目的，属于曲解原文；D选项“性别差异在于观察者的眼睛或耳朵，而不是语言”也与题干无关，张冠李戴。4.【选项释义】4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the stereotype of feminine talk? 4. 以下哪一项不属于女性谈话的刻板印象？A. Always using trivial words. A. 总是使用琐碎的词汇。B. Repeat the same thing over and over. B. 一遍又一遍地重复同样的事情。C. Stop talking when the sen

39、tence is not finished. C. 句子还没说完就停止说话。D. None of the above. D. 以上都不是。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据倒数第三段第二句“如果女性确实比男性使用更多的琐碎词汇，或者在句子中间停止说话，或者一遍又一遍地谈论同样的事情，当调查人员在场时，她们就不会这样做”，以及第四段第一句“这些女性语言特征（characteristics of female）都没有被发现”，综合理解可知，女性语言特征是使用更多的琐碎词汇、话没说完就停止说话和不断谈论同样的事情，这是我们对女性谈话的刻板印象。只有D项“以上都不是”明显和原文相悖，但符合题意，故

40、选择D项。【干扰项排除】A选项“总是使用琐碎的词汇”、B选项“一遍又一遍地重复同样的事情”、C选项“句子还没说完就停止说话”均符合原文，属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】5. Males do not speak loudly because _. 5. 男性不大声说话是因为_。A. males are unable to do so A. 男性不能这样做B. males are afraid of being laughed at B. 男性害怕被嘲笑C. high pitch is a characteristic of female speech rather than male speec

41、h C. 高音是女性说话的特点，而不是男性说话的特点D. anatomy has proved that males tend to have lower pitches than females D. 解剖学证明，男性的音高往往比女性低【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章最后一段“如果男性没有高声说话，通常并不是因为他们不能这样做。原因更有可能是处罚（penalties）。嗓音尖的男性常成为嘲笑（ridicule）的对象。”，综合理解可知，男性不会高声说话的原因是他们怕被别人嘲笑，B项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“男性不能这样做”与原文相反，属于反向干扰；C选项“高音是女性

42、说话的特点，而不是男性说话的特点”是男性被嘲笑的原因，而不是不能高声说话的原因，属于张冠李戴；D选项“解剖学证明，男性的音高往往比女性低”定位至倒数第二段最后一句“人们发现这种差异无法用解剖学来解释”，其中差异指的是音高差异，可知该项属于反向干扰。8. 单选题The critics considered only the undesirable qualities in the artists work, while ignoring or _ the more desirable ones.问题1选项A.criticizingB.overlookingC.desertingD.flatter

43、ing【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. criticizing 批评 B. overlooking 忽略C. deserting 抛弃，遗弃 D. flattering 奉承，谄媚【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】空格处与ignoring为并列成分，所以空格处的意思与ignoring（忽视）的意思相近，故B项符合。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合句子意思。【句意】批评家们只考虑了艺术家作品中的不良品质，而忽略了更可取的品质。9. 单选题In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around

44、 efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product theyre looking for. Nonethele

45、ss, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions

46、only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private intranet. Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull” customers into sit

47、es. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream

48、 of news and advertisements to subscribers computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a companys Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special s

49、ales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinc

50、tion between the Web and television fades. Thats a prospect that horrifies Net purists. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Vineyards, A, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products

51、 with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies t

52、ook the online plunge. 41. We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business _.42. Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that _.43. In the view of Net purists, _.44. What is the authors attitude towards transmitting marketing messages directly to ta

53、rgeted customers?45. We learn from the last paragraph that _.问题1选项A.has been striving to expand its marketB.intended to follow a fanciful fashionC.tried but in vain to control the marketD.has been booming for one year or so问题2选项A.the technology is popular with many Web usersB.businesses have faith i

54、n the reliability of online transactionsC.there is a radical change in strategyD.it is accessible limitedly to established partners问题3选项A.there should be no marketing messages in online cultureB.money making should be given priority to on the WebC.the Web should be able to function as the television

55、 setD.there should be no online commercial information without requests问题4选项A.He doesnt think much of it.B.He thinks its a good strategy.C.He thinks it works but is a nuisance.D.He thinks it will arouse negative actions.问题5选项A.pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerceB.interac

56、tivity, hospitality and security are important to online customersC.leading companies began to take the online plunge decades agoD.setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】41.【选项释义】41. We learn from the beginning of the passage that We

57、b business _. 41. 我们从这篇文章的开头了解到，网络商业_。A. has been striving to expand its market A. 一直在努力扩大它的市场B. intended to follow a fanciful fashion B. 打算遵循一种奇特的时尚C. tried but in vain to control the market C. 试图控制市场，但没有成功D. has been booming for one year or so D. 已经繁荣了一年左右【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】定位第一段第一句“在网络商业的第一年左右，大部分的

58、行动都围绕着开发消费者市场的努力（revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market）”，可知，网络商业第一年左右的时期里，大多数的努力都是围绕着打开市场而展开的。因此，该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项定位第一段第二句“随着网络被证明不仅仅是一种时尚”，可知“打算遵循一种奇特的时尚”与原文无关，无中生有；C选项“试图控制市场，但没有成功”没有提到，无中生有；D选项“已经繁荣了一年左右”在文中只是提到它第一年做的一些事情，并不是繁荣了一年，属于曲解原文。42.【选项释义】42. Speaking of the online technolo

59、gy available for marketing, the author implies that _. 42. 谈到可用的在线营销技术，作者暗示_。A. the technology is popular with many Web users A. 这项技术受到许多网络用户的欢迎B. businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions B. 企业对网上交易的可靠性有信心C. there is a radical change in strategy C. 策略上发生了根本性变化D. it is accessib

60、le limitedly to established partners D. 它仅限于已建立的合作伙伴【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“互联网商务模式的另一个重大转变是关于市场营销的可用技术”可知，这一段谈到了可用的在线营销技术，接着作者在后面两句讲到“一直以来，网络营销活动都集中在将顾客拉进网站的策略上。但是，在最近几年，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以直接将信息推到目标客户面前”；由此可见，市场营销技术在策略上发生了根本性的变化。因此，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“这项技术受到许多网络用户的欢迎”根据第三段倒数第四句“但这项推送技术遭到了许多网络用户的蔑视

61、”，可知该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；B选项“企业对网上交易的可靠性有信心”和D选项“它仅限于已建立的合作伙伴”没提及，无中生有。43.【选项释义】43. In the view of Net purists, _. 43. 在网络纯粹主义者看来，_。A. there should be no marketing messages in online culture A. 网络文化中不应该有营销信息B. money making should be given priority to on the Web B. 在网络上赚钱应该被优先考虑C. the Web should be able to

62、 function as the television set C. 网络应该具有电视机的功能D. there should be no online commercial information without requests D. 没有请求就不应该有在线商业信息【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据关键信息Net purists定位至第三段倒数第二和第三句“网络文化非常看重这样一种观念，即信息是通过特定的要求才会出现在屏幕上的。一旦商业推广开始不请自来地充斥屏幕，网络和电视之间的区别就消失了。”，从中可以看出网络纯粹主义者认为商业信息不应该不请自来，D选项“没有请求就不应该有在线商业信息”符合这一分析。故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A选项“网络文化中不应该有营销信息”表述与原文不符，网络文化认为商业信息要通过网络用户的特定要求才能出现，该项曲解原文；B选项“在网络上赚钱应该被优先考虑”没提及，无中生有；C选项“网络应该具有电视机的功能”表述错误，文中是说如果商业推广不请自来，那么这就和电视没有区别，因为电视通常都会推送广告，该项曲解原文。44.【选项释义】44. What is the authors attitude towards transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted