2022年考博英语-江苏大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第39期

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1、2022年考博英语-江苏大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 不定项选择题Theyre still kids, and although theres a lot that the experts dont yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And its all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists,

2、and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy (懂技术的) Millennial elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblings dont quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they si

3、gnal an all-encompassing sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation.The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Unders

4、tanding the iGeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, My Space and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they warrant the distinction

5、of a new generation, which he has dubbed the “iGeneration”.“The technology is the easiest way to see it, but its also a mind-set, and the mind-set goes with the little I, which Im talking to stand for individualized,” Rosen says. “Everything is defined and individualized to me. My music choices are

6、defined to me. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to me. “He says the iGeneration includes todays teens and middle-schoolers, but its too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger.Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. “If they can think of it, somebody probably

7、 has or will invent it,” he says. “They expect innovation.”They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires.”Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text

8、as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are supposedly banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than th

9、ey do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly.“The growth curve on the use of techn

10、ology with children is exponential, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think,” Rosen says.“We have to give them options because they want their world individualized.”1. Compared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kids _.2. W

11、hy did Larry Rosen name the new generation as iGeneration?3. Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen?4. Rosens findings suggest that technology _.5. According to the passage, education has to _.问题1选项A.communicate with others by high-tech methods continuallyB.prefer to

12、 live a virtual life than a real oneC.are equipped with more modern digital techniquesD.know more on technology than their elders问题2选项A.Because this generation is featured by the use of personal high tech devices.B.Because this generation stresses on an individualized style of life.C.Because it is t

13、he author himself who has discovered the new generation.D.Because its a mind-set generation instead of an age -set one.问题3选项A.This generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things.B.Everything must be adapted to the peculiar need of the generation.C.This generation catches up with the dev

14、elopment of technology.D.High-tech such as wireless devices goes with the generation.问题4选项A.has an obvious effect on the function of iGenerations brain developmentB.has greatly affected the iGenerations behaviors and academic performanceC.has no significantly negative effect on iGenerations mental a

15、nd intellectual developmentD.has caused distraction problems on iGeneration which affect their daily performance问题5选项A.adapt its system to the need of the new generationB.use more technologies to cater for the iGenerationC.risk its system to certain extent for the iGenerationD.be conducted online fo

16、r iGenerations individualized need【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】1. Compared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kids _. 1. 与他们千禧一代的长辈相比，自我的一代的孩子_。A. communicate with others by high-tech methods continually A. 用高科技手段与他人持续沟通B. prefer to live a virtual life than a real one B. 比起真实的

17、生活，更喜欢虚拟的生活C. are equipped with more modern digital techniques C. 配备了更现代的数字技术D. know more on technology than their elders D. 比他们的长辈更懂科技【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段的内容“他们的数字设备使这个新群体与众不同，甚至与精通技术的千禧一代的长辈们也不一样。他们想要以一种连他们的哥哥姐姐都不太了解的方式与别人保持联系。这些差异可能看起来微不足道，但它们标志着一种无所不包的感性，有人说这标志着新一代的到来。”从中可知，新一代，即第三段所指的“自我

18、的一代”，与他们的千禧年一代的哥哥姐姐们相比，更愿意使用数字设备持续不断地与他人保持联系，也希望随时能让别人找得到他们；由此可推断，他们愿意通过高科技手段与他人随时保持联系，该题选择A项“用高科技手段与他人持续沟通”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“比起真实的生活，更喜欢虚拟的生活”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；C项“配备了更现代的数字技术”中的more modern在文中没有提及，该项也属于无中生有；D项“比他们的长辈更懂技术”，原文提到tech-savvy Millennial elders（精通技术的千禧一代的长辈们）可知，千禧一代对技术也很精通，且原文并没有进行这方面的比较，该项属于曲解原文

19、。2.【选项释义】2. Why did Larry Rosen name the new generation as iGeneration? 2. 为什么拉里罗森把新一代称为“自我的一代”？A. Because this generation is featured by the use of personal high tech devices. A. 因为这一代人的特点是使用个人高科技设备。B. Because this generation stresses on an individualized style of life. B. 因为这一代人强调个性化的生活方式。C. Becau

20、se it is the author himself who has discovered the new generation. C. 因为是作者自己发现了新一代。D. Because its a mind-set generation instead of an age-set one. D. 因为这是心态定势的一代，而不是年龄定势的一代。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第四段前两句“罗森说：技术是最容易看到它的方式，但它也是一种心态，这种心态与小的我有关，我说的是个性化。”“对我来说，每件事都被定义和个性化。”，这里引述罗森介绍“自我的一代”的话，点明了这代人拥有的一种心态，这种

21、心态随“小我”而变化，即“个性化”，这是“自我的一代”鲜明的特点，表现为每件事都为“我”而定制，或每件事都被赋予个性化特征；由此可见，这代人强调个性化的生活，因此该题选择B项“因为这一代人强调个性化的生活方式”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“因为这一代人的特点是使用个人高科技设备”中的personal high-tech devices（个人高科技设备）没有提到，该项属于无中生有；C项“因为是作者自己发现了新一代”，根据第二段第一句“对于研究他们的心理学家、社会学家、代际和媒体专家来说”可知，研究“自我的一代”的人不止罗森，还有很多其他的专家，该项属于曲解原文；D项“因为这是心态定势的一代，而不

22、是年龄定势的一代”，根据第三段第一句“加州州立大学的心理学家拉里罗森认为，千禧一代和这一年轻群体（younger group）之间的对比是如此明显”可知，“自我的一代”不仅是个性化的一代，也是年轻群体，所以该项属于反向干扰。3.【选项释义】3. Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen? 3. 关于罗森所说的自我的一代，下列哪项是正确的？A. This generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things. A. 这一代人热衷于

23、发明和创造新事物。B. Everything must be adapted to the peculiar need of the generation. B. 一切都必须适应这一代的特殊需要。C. This generation catches up with the development of technology. C. 这一代人赶上了技术的发展。D. High-tech such as wireless devices goes with the generation. D. 无线设备等高科技产品是这一代人的产物。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据倒数第五段的内容“罗森说，便携

24、式是关键。他们和他们的无线设备是分不开的，无线设备可以让他们发短信和聊天，所以他们可以一直保持联系，甚至在课堂上也是如此，而在课堂上手机应该是被禁止的。”可知，对这代人而言，他们离不开无线装备，那些东西可使他们发短信或聊天，可以时刻与他人保持联系，也就是说这一代人离不开无线高科技产品，D项“无线设备等高科技产品是这一代人的产物”符合原文，故该题选择D项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“这一代人热衷于发明和创造新事物”，原文倒数第七段最后一句提到“他们希望创新（They expect innovation）”可知，这一代人愿意创新，但该项中的crazy表达过度，该项属于过度推理；B项“一切都必须适应

25、这一代的特殊需要”没有提到，且该项表述很绝对，属于无中生有；C项“这一代人赶上了技术的发展”没有提到，该项也属于无中生有。4.【选项释义】4. Rosens findings suggest that technology _. 4. 罗森的研究结果表明，技术_。A. has an obvious effect on the function of iGenerations brain development A. 对下一代大脑发育的功能有明显影响B. has greatly affected the iGenerations behaviors and academic performanc

26、e B. 极大地影响了一代的行为和学业表现C. has no significantly negative effect on iGenerations mental and intellectual development C. 对自我的一代的心理和智力发展没有显著的负面影响D. has caused distraction problems on iGeneration which affect their daily performance D. 会对自我的一代造成干扰问题，影响他们的日常表现【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至原文倒数第四段“许多研究人员正在试图确定科技是否

27、以某种方式导致年轻人的大脑连接不同。罗森说：他们应该被分散注意力，而且应该表现得比实际情况更差。但研究结果表明，青少年能更好地抵御干扰，比我们根据他们的年龄和大脑发育情况预测的要好得多。”从中可知，自我的一代本来应该受到科技的干扰，但研究结果表明这些孩子比我们通过年龄和大脑发育而做出的预测要有更强的抗干扰能力，由此可推断，科技并没有对他们的心智发展产生明显的负面影响，因此C项“对自我的一代的心理和智力发展没有显著的负面影响”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“对下一代大脑发育的功能有明显影响”、B项“极大地影响了一代的行为和学业表现”和D项“会对自我的一代造成干扰问题，影响他们的日常表现”都与原文相

28、反，这三项属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】5. According to the passage, education has to _. 5. 根据文章，教育必须_。A. adapt its system to the need of the new generation A. 使其系统适应新一代的需要B. use more technologies to cater for the iGeneration B. 使用更多的技术来迎合自我的一代C. risk its system to certain extent for the iGeneration C. 在一定程度上冒制度风险D. be

29、 conducted online for iGenerations individualized need D. 在网上进行，以满足自我的一代的个性化需求【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据原文倒数第三段的内容“罗森说，因为这些孩子更专注于学习，而且年龄更小，所以教育体系必须做出重大改变”可知，由于这代孩子在年幼时便深浸于科技之中，那么教育制度也要随之进行显著改变；由此可推断，教育制度也应适应这代人，A项“使其系统适应新一代的需要”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“使用更多的技术来迎合自我的一代”和C项“在一定程度上冒制度风险”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有；D项“在网上进行，以满足自我的一代的

30、个性化需求”的后半部分在文中提到，但是be conducted online（在网上进行）没有提到，该项属于曲解原文。2. 不定项选择题Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficu

31、lt to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large pa

32、rt of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century a

33、nd the eve of World War 2, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the Publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events the

34、y covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few autho

35、rs have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote f

36、or the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) beca

37、me a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalisti

38、c tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.1. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that _.2. Newspaper reviews

39、 in England before WWII were characterized by _.3. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?4. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?5. What would be the best title for the text?问题1选项A.arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapersB

40、.English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviewsC.high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readersD.young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies问题2选项A.free themesB.casual styleC.elaborate layoutD.radical viewpoints问题3选项A.It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goa

41、ls.B.It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C.Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D.Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.问题4选项A.His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B.His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C.His style caters lar

42、gely to modern specialists.D.His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.问题5选项A.Newspapers of the Good Old Days.B.The Lost Horizon in Newspapers.C.Mournful Decline of Journalism.D.Prominent Critics in Memory.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】1. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that

43、 _. 1. 第1段和第2段表明_。A. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers A. 艺术评论已经从大城市的报纸上消失了B. English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews B. 英语报纸过去具有更多的艺术评论C. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers C. 高质量的报纸拥有大量的读者D. young readers doubt the suitability of critic

44、ism on dailies D. 年轻读者怀疑日报上的评论是否合适【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段内容“在过去四分之一世纪中，英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术报道的范围和严肃性的不可阻挡的下降（inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage）”，和第二段内容“对于40岁以下的普通读者来说，很难想象这样一个时代，即大多数大城市的报纸上都能找到高质量的艺术评论。然而，在20世纪出版的大量最重要的批评文集中，很大一部分是由报纸评论组成的（consisted in large pa

45、rt of newspaper reviews）。如今读到这样的书的人不禁会对下面这个事实感到惊讶：这些评论之前竟然被认为适合在面向大众的日报上刊登。”从中可知，这两段讨论的主要是英语报纸的艺术评论，从第一段中的inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage（艺术报道的范围和严肃性的不可阻挡的下降）和第二段中的consisted in large part of newspaper reviews（很大一部分是由报纸评论组成的）可以看出，文章前两段是在强调以前的报纸关于艺术评论的数量很多，B项“英语报

46、纸过去具有更多的艺术评论”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“艺术评论已经从大城市的报纸上消失了”，原文只是说decline，没有说消失，该项属于曲解原文；C项“高质量的报纸拥有大量的读者”没有提到，属于无中生有；D项“年轻读者怀疑日报上的评论是否合适”，从第二段最后一句中的marvel at the fact（感到惊讶）可知，marvel是大为惊讶的意思，常含赞叹之意，表明读者其实是赞同这些评论可以在报纸上刊登，该项中的doubt与marvel意思相反，该项属于反向干扰。2.【选项释义】2. Newspaper reviews in England before WWII were charact

47、erized by _. 2. 英国二战前的报纸评论以_为特征。A. free themes A. 自由主题B. casual style B. 随意体C. elaborate layout C. 精心布局D. radical viewpoints D. 激进的观点【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第一句“我们甚至远离了20世纪初到第二次世界大战前夕在英国发表的无重点的报纸评论（the unfocused newspaper reviews）”，从中可知英国二战前的报纸评论是以unfocused为重点，而unfocused的意思是“not concentrated at o

48、ne point or upon one objective（不专注于一点或一个目标）”，也就是说主题没有唯一性，A项“自由主题”中的free的英文解释是unrestricted，是unfocused的同义替换，故该题选择A项符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“随意体”，根据第三段二、三句“在那些遥远的日子里，主要报纸的评论家们详尽地（in detail and at length）报道他们所报道的事件是理所当然的。他们的工作是严肃的（a serious business）。”可知，英国二战前的报纸评论的主题虽然是unfocused，但是内容非常详尽且严肃，与B项中的casual相反，故该项属于反向

49、干扰；C项“精心布局”中layout并没有提到，该项属于无中生有；D项“激进的观点”没有提到，该项属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】3. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on? 3. 下面哪个选项肖和纽曼最可能同意？A. It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals. A. 实现新闻目标是作家的职责。B. It is contemptible for writers to be journalists. B. 作家当记者是可耻的。C. Writers

50、 are likely to be tempted into journalism. C. 作家们很可能受到诱惑而从事新闻业。D. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing. D. 不是所有的作家都具备新闻写作的能力。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“纽曼写道：很少有作家有足够的头脑或文学天赋把自己的目标放在新闻事业上（few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism）”可知，

51、很少有作家具备新闻写作的头脑和文学天赋，D项“不是所有的作家都具备新闻写作的能力”中的not all与文中的few同义替换，故该题选择D项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“实现新闻目标是作家的职责”和C项“作家们很可能受到诱惑而从事新闻业”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有；B项“作家当记者是可耻的”，根据倒数第二句“这些人相信新闻工作是一种职业，并以在日报上发表文章为荣”可知，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。4.【选项释义】4. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs? 4. 根据最后两段可以了解到关于卡

52、德斯的什么信息？A. His music criticism may not appeal to readers today. A. 他的音乐评论也许对今天的读者没有吸引力。B. His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute. B. 他作为音乐评论家的声誉长期以来饱受争议。C. His style caters largely to modern specialists. C. 他的风格很大程度上迎合了现代专家的口味。D. His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.

53、D. 他的作品没有遵循业余的传统。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据最后一段第三句“早在他（卡德斯）去世之前，新闻的口味就已经发生了很大的变化，后现代主义读者对他所擅长的华丽的维多利亚式散文已经不感兴趣了（have little use for）”可知，新闻业的品味已经改变，读者不再需要卡德斯所擅长的风格，也就是说今天的读者对卡德斯的音乐评论不感兴趣，A项“他的音乐评论也许对今天的读者没有吸引力”中的not appeal to是have little use for的同义替换，故该题选择A项符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“他作为音乐评论家的声誉长期以来饱受争议”，原文没有提到他的名声有争议，

54、该项属于无中生有；C项“他的风格很大程度上迎合了现代专家的口味”，新闻业口味的改变使得读者对卡德斯的风格并不敢兴趣，同样也不会迎合专家的口味，该项属于反向干扰；D项“他的作品没有遵循业余的传统”，根据文章最后一句“音乐批评的业余传统已经在急速退却”可知，原文并没有提到卡德斯的作品是否遵循业余传统，该项属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. What would be the best title for the text? 5. 这篇文章最好的标题是什么？A. Newspapers of the Good Old Days. A. 报纸行业过去的黄金岁月。B. The Lost Horizon i

55、n Newspapers. B. 报纸行业消失的视野。C. Mournful Decline of Journalism. C. 新闻业的悲哀衰落。D. Prominent Critics in Memory. D. 记忆中的杰出评论家。【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】首先定位第一段，该段点明了文章的主题“在过去四分之一世纪中，英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化可能是艺术报道的范围和严肃性的不可阻挡的下降”，第二段承接第一段的内容，然后第三段首句指出“不幸的是，这些批评实际上被遗忘了”，言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落的惋惜之情，最后第四段前两句提到“卡德斯的批评有可能重新流行吗？前景似乎很遥远

56、”，再次点明了作者所讨论的中心，即报纸行业的堕落，所以C项“新闻业的悲哀衰落”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“报纸行业过去的黄金岁月”和B项“报纸行业消失的视野”没有表达出作者对报纸行业的惋惜之情，这两项属于曲解原文；D项“记忆中的杰出评论家”，本文的中心不是怀恋过去，而是批判现在的堕落，该项属于曲解原文。3. 单选题Before the bank was willing to lend him money, it had to _ that he was the true owner of the house.问题1选项A.verifyB.entrustC.acknowledgeD.grant

57、【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. verify核实；证实 B. entrust委托；交托C. acknowledge承认 D. grant同意，准予【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】按照句意“在银行愿意借钱给他之前，必须_他是这幢房子的主人”可知，空格处表示“证实，证明”符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】银行先得核实他确实是这幢房子的主人，然后才肯借钱给他。4. 单选题The foreign student in China is _ with a good deal of Chinese culture.问题1选项A.scatteredB.overflo

58、wedC.permeatedD.manipulated【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. scattered分散的；零散的 B. overflowed溢出的；挤满的C. permeated全面影响；弥漫D. manipulated操作；控制【考查点】形容词和动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息with a good deal of Chinese culture（丰富的中国文化）可推知，中国的留学生受到中国文化的影响，故该题选择C项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】在中国的外国学生深受中国文化的熏陶。5. 不定项选择题We might marvel at the progr

59、ess made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a persons knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pio

60、us claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a persons true ability and aptitude.As anxiety-mak

61、ers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesnt matter that you werent feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that dont count

62、: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and m

63、easured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of drop-outs: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to s