2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第54期

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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The environmental movement is （ ） to the widespread feelings of support for natures inherent worth.问题1选项A.testimonyB.hypocrisyC.compensationD.compassion【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。testimony证据，证词；hypocrisy虚伪，伪善；compensation补偿，报酬；compassion同情，怜悯。句意：环保运动证明了人们普遍支持自然的内在价值。选项

2、A符合句意。2. 单选题The troops were in a （ ） position, completely exposed to attack from the air.问题1选项A.eminentB.brutalC.vulnerableD.adequate【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。eminent杰出的;brutal残忍的;vulnerable易受攻击的;adequate充足的。句意：部队处于易受攻击的位置, 完全暴露了。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题Everyone is trying to （ ） how the fire started.问题1选项A.figure outB

3、.make outC.turn outD.clear out【答案】B【解析】figure out计算岀;估计; make out理解;辨认岀; turn out生产,结果是; clear out清除,扫出。根据句意：每个人都想弄明白火是如何开始的。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题In the professions where women （ ） numerically, it would be reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions.问题1选项A.tolerateB.integrateC.predominateD.accumulat

4、e【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。tolerate忍受，容忍；integrate使.完整；predominate支配，主导，在.中占优势；accumulate 累积，积聚。句意：在妇女数量上占优势的职位中，期望她们担任高级职位也是合情合理的。所以选项C符合句意。5. 单选题Normally Americans do not assess their visitors in relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take out for dinner, while they develop a pre-b

5、usiness sense of trust and rapport. Rapport to most of them is less important than performance. They seek out credentials of past performance rather than evaluating a business colleague through social manners. Since they generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, they start talk

6、ing business very quickly.Most Americans live in time segments by engagement calendars. These calendars may be divided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes. They oftengivea person two or three (or more) segments of their calendar, but in the business world they almost always have other appoint

7、ments following hard on the heels of whatever they are doing. Time is therefore always ticking in their inner ear.1.Americans are slaves to nothing but the clock. This means（ ） .2.It can be inferred from the passage that since Americans value time highly, they（ ） .3.According to the passage, America

8、ns evaluate their business colleague based on（ ） .4.Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?5.Which might be the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.Americans values the clock highly.B.Americans are slaves to anything else rather than the clock.C.Americans are slaves to the ti

9、me rather than anything else.D.Americans are slaves to luxurious clock.问题2选项A.hate someone else wasting timeB.are short-temperedC.are restlessD.hope to gain some return from the passed time问题3选项A.pre-business sense of trust and intimacyB.the past performanceC.the social courtesiesD.the prolonged sma

10、ll talk问题4选项A.Americans have one appointment after another.B.Between two appointments there might be 150 minutes rest.C.Americans can always hear the clicking of the clock.D.Americans agendas are always fully engaged.问题5选项A.The Thing Americans Do Save TimeB.Time in Americans Eyes.C.Americans Way to

11、Save Time.D.Time: A Precious Commodity to Americans.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第二段的第二句Time is treated as if it were an almost tangible entry.人们似乎把时间当做是一个实实在在的东西来对待。说明美国人很看重时间, 选项C正确。2.细节推断题。根据第三段的第一句, 美国人高度重视时间, 所以他们讨厌那些过度浪费时间的人, 选项A表达有误。根据第三段的最后一句, 如果他们没有从过去的时间里得到些什么作为回报, 他们会焦躁不安。也就

12、是说他们希望时间流逝过后, 自己能有所收获, 而不是碌碌无为, 所以选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第四段的倒数第二句They seek out credentials of past performance rather than evaluating a business colleague through social manners.他们寻找过去业绩的证明, 而不是通过社交礼仪来评估一位商业同事。选项B正确。4.细节判断题。根据最后一段的首尾两句可知,美国人总是被时间追赶着,能听见钟表的声音。选项C符合原文。5.主旨大义题。本文主要讲述美国人的时间观念。选项B正确。6. 单选题Th

13、e teacher tried to explain the problem, but the explanation did not （ ） .问题1选项A.come upB.hang onC.get acrossD.look out【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。come up 走近;发生;hang on 坚持下去;不挂断;握住不放;get across被理解, 被接受; look out 注意;当心。句意：老师试图解释这个问题, 但这个解释不被大家所接受。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题Our program is different （ ） it stresses the technica

14、l skills that business and industry seek as they incorporate the internet into their enterprise systems.问题1选项A.now thatB.in thatC.in caseD.regardless of【答案】B【解析】now that既然; in that由于; in case万一,假使; regardless of不管,不顾。句意：我们的项目不同, 它强调了商业和工业在将互联网融入企业系统时所寻求的技术技能。前后为因果关系。所以选项B正确。8. 单选题Poverty and domesti

15、c violence make it easy for her to trust that bad things will happen and take this （ ） happiness away.问题1选项A.adversaryB.vulgarC.fragileD.superfluous【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。adversary敌手，对手；vulgar粗俗的，本土的；fragile脆的，易碎的；superfluous多余的。句意：贫穷和家庭暴力让她很容易相信坏事会发生，并带走这种脆弱的幸福。只有选项C符合句意。9. 单选题Though this book was written

16、 more than 50 years ago, it has a relatively contemporary appeal, and its （ ） plotting will amuse mystery lovers.问题1选项A.intricateB.disparateC.compassionateD.passionate【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。intricate错综复杂的；disparate不同的，迥异的，不相干的；compassionate慈悲的，富有同情心的；passionate热情的，充满激情的。句意：虽然这本书是50多年前写的，但它具有相对现代的吸引力，其错综复杂的

17、情节会让神秘爱好者感到有趣。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题For 50 years they were able to produce and sell their goods more cheaply than other countries and this gave them a （ ） advantage in world trade.问题1选项A.considerableB.concreteC.considerateD.conventional【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。considerable相当大的;concrete实体的,明确的;considerate 体贴的;体谅的; c

18、onventional依照惯例的;传统的;常规的。句意：50年来，他们能够以比其他国家更低的价格生产和销售商品，这使他们在世界贸易中获得了相当大的优势。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题Shallow pools of water are liable to attract mosquitoes and other （ ） .问题1选项A.insectsB.fliesC.garbageD.garage【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。insects昆虫;flies苍蝇;garbage垃圾;garage仓库。句意：浅水区容易吸引蚊子和其他昆虫。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题In New Orleans

19、, Moon Walka pathway along a stretch of the Mississippinow provides the public access that had previously been denieD.Its a charming place, where one night recently a band played on the walk as tourists and residents of the adjacent Vieux Carre (the Old Quarter or French Quarter ) strolled past. A f

20、ew feet west, the paddlewheeler Natchez sounded its whistle, signaling its imminent departure.Now the city plans to extend public access to the area adjoining Moon Walk in an ambitious design that will, the city hopes, be a part of its development for the next worlds fair. This more ambitious concep

21、t for the waterfront will be likely to stir considerable debate as competing projects vie for the opportunities for profit. The development will therefore require substantial participation, cooperation and scrutiny by citizens to make sure that while private profitability is maintained, the publics

22、needs are satisfied, too.The joint efforts of environmentalists, business-people, civic leaders and politicians have transformed abandoned port landscapes in cities throughout America into exciting commercial and recreational centers. Examples are the cannery in San Francisco, the Riverfront Walk in

23、 San Antonio Faneuil hall Market in Boston and Harbor place in Baltimore.Its easy to understand why the port areas were neglecteD.Which many cities were growing up along rivers, lakes and natural harbors, depending on water-borne commerce, waterfronts thriveD.After World War II, however, technologic

24、al changes in transportationimproved planes and airports, the interstate highway system larger tracks for freight trains and containerized shippingmade many old port facilities obsolete. Waterfront areas became peripheral to the life of the city. Piers were abandoned, and the waterfronts lay idle in

25、 many older cities, paralleling the more general urban decay.With the 1970s came a period of reflection on this condition and a resurgence of urban pride. Urban renewal stopped being a license for largescale demolition: politicians and planners took a hard look at their available resources and began

26、 to experiment with new development techniques. Waterfronts become one focus of the large urban revitalization effort.1.The overall impression of Moon Walk conveyed in the first paragraph is that it is（ ） .2.As used in the passage, the word vie(Para.2,Line 4)most nearly means （ ）.3.The author implie

27、s that successful renewal of a waterfront area requires that （ ） .4.Between World War II and the 1970s, waterfronts became（ ） .5.The primary purpose of this passage is to describe（ ） .问题1选项A.crowdedB.noisyC.largeD.pleasant问题2选项A.askB.competeC.prepareD.provide问题3选项A.both public and private interests

28、be consideredB.designs like that of Moon Walk be usedC.technological changes in transportation be madeD.historical monuments be preserved问题4选项A.centers for water-borne commerceB.commercial and recreational centersC.sites of urban decayD.the focus of revitalization efforts问题5选项A.the renewal of waterf

29、ront areasB.Moon Walk in New OrleansC.the causes of urban decayD.business expansion of urban areas【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第一段的内容可知, Moon Walk给人的总体印象是一个迷人的地方, 说明能使人愉悦, 所以选项D正确。2.词义判断题。根据原文competing projects vie for the opportunities for profit.既然是竞争型的项目, 当然是为赢得利益的机会进行竞争, 所以选项B符合原文句

30、意。3.细节判断题。根据第二段的最后一句The development . the publics needs are satisfied, too.发展将需要公民的大量参与、合作和监督, 以确保在保持个人盈利的同时, 也能满足公众的需求。所以选项A符合原文。4.细节判断题。根据关键词the 1970s定位到最后一段, 本句中所提到的现象即上一段末尾提及的Waterfront areas became . general urban decay.海滨地区成了城市的边缘地带。码头被废弃了, 滨水地区在许多老城市中闲置着, 类似于城市哀退的状况。所以选项C正确。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知本文

31、主要是讲述滨水地区的复兴问题, 即重建滨江区, 所以选项A正确。13. 单选题In a supermarket, all commodities are open to customers who can select what they need （ ） .问题1选项A.with their easeB.at their easeC.at their easinessD.with their easiness【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。 at one s ease是固定短语,意为没有拘束的。句意：在超市里, 所有的商品都对顾客开放, 顾客可以自由选择他们需要的东西。14. 单选题Can

32、you explain this （ ） of ten years in your job history which you have not accounted for?问题1选项A.interruptionB.gapC.splitD.paring【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。interruption中断, 干扰;gap缺口,差距,间隔;split劈裂,裂缝;paring削皮。选项中只有gap可以表示时间的间隔。句意：你能解释一下在你的工作经历中你没有解释的十年空白期吗? 选项B正确。15. 单选题Do you know the fact that broad bean contain （

33、 ） that must be destroyed by cooking them at high temperature before eating them?问题1选项A.flakeB.aromaC.etherD.toxin【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。flake小薄片，火花;aroma芳香, 香味;ether乙醚 ;toxin毒素。句意：你知道吗？蚕豆含有毒素，吃之前必须用高温烹煮。选项D符合句意。16. 单选题（ ） wings for the common man had to await the dawn of the space age to go back to the sim

34、plicity of their beginnings.问题1选项A.ConsequentlyB.RegularlyC.IronicallyD.Comprehensively【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。consequently因此,从而; regularly定期地,有规律地; ironically讽刺地; comprehensively包括地,全面地。句意： （ ） , 普通人的翅膀必须等到太空时代的黎明才能回到最初的简单。选项C具有讽刺意味的是, 符合句意。17. 单选题I dont say that to persuade you, but merely to（ ） my consci

35、ence.问题1选项A.revolveB.relieveC.retrieveD.revive【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。revolve旋转；循环；relieve解除，减轻；retrieve恢复，取回；revive复活，复兴。四个选项中只有relieve更符合句意。句意：我说这个不是为了劝你，只是为了让我的良心好受些。所以本题选B。18. 单选题Working in the customs, I feel both exciting and challenging, for I have to face the difficulties of dealing with （ ） groups o

36、f people.问题1选项A.delicateB.deliberateC.discreteD.disparate【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。delicate精致的，微妙的；deliberate故意的，深思熟虑的；discrete离散的，不连续的；disparate不同的，不相干的，迥异的。句意：在海关工作，我感到既兴奋又有挑战性，因为我必须面对与不同群体打交道的困难。选项D符合句意。19. 单选题Over-cultivation and a long period of erosion has reduced the（ ） of much of the countrys farm lan

37、d.问题1选项A.sufficiencyB.fertilityC.prosperityD.mobility【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。sufficiency充足;fertility肥力;prosperity兴旺,繁荣;mobility活动性,灵活性。句意：过度耕种和长期的水土流失降低了这个国家大部分农田的肥力。选项B符合句意。20. 单选题Her written English was wonderful, and she had a( n) （ ） vocabulary for a freshman.问题1选项A.credulousB.incredulousC.credibleD.incredible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。 credulous轻信的,易受骗的; incredulous怀疑的,不轻信的; credible可信的,可靠的; incredible不可思议的,难以置信的。句意：她的书面英语非常棒, 而且对于一个大一新生来说, 她的词汇量惊人。选项D符合句意。