2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第45期

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1、2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题“Time” says the proverb “is money”. This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets.If our time is usefully employed, it will either turn out some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will

2、add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time, remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to t

3、he loss of a bank-note; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.Advice to “sleep on it” could be well founded, scientists say.After a good nights sleep a problem th

4、at seemed insurmountable the night before can often appear more manageable, although the evidence until now has been anecdotal. But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good nights sleep can improve insight and problem-solving. “If you have some

5、 newly acquired memories in your brain sleep acts on these memories, restructures them, so that after sleep insight into a problem which you could not solve before increases.” Said Dr. Jan Born, a neuroscientist, at the university.He created Mickey Mouse and produced the first full-length animated m

6、ovie. He invented the theme park and originated the modem multimedia corporation. For better or worse, his innovations have shaped our world and the way we experience it. But the most significant thing Walt Disney made was a good name for himself.It was, of course, long ago converted into a brand na

7、me, constantly fussed over, ferociously defended, first by Disney, latterly by his corporate heirs and assigns. Serving as a beacon for parents seeking clean, decent entertainment for their children, the Disney logo-a stylized version of the founders signaturemore generally promises us that anything

8、 appearing beneath is will not veer too far from the safe, sound and above all cheerful American mainstream, which it defines as much as serves.Now the dreadful winter was come upon them.In the forest, all summer long, the branches of the trees do battle for light, and some of them lose and die; and

9、 then come the raging blasts, and the storms of snow and hail, and strew the ground with these weaker branches. Just so it was in Packing town; the whole district braced itself for the struggle that was an agony, and those whose time has come died off in hordes.It was Tipper Gores first solo campaig

10、n outing of the year, ad daylong sprint across New Hampshire on a miserable snowy day in January. Mrs. Gore cheerfully trudged from hospital to meeting hall, shaking hands, talking up her husbandand giving voters an up-close look at the lady who would be First Lady. Back home in Washington, A1 Gore

11、spent the day wondering how his wife was really handling the northern exposure. Private and wary of the rigors of campaign life. Tipper has often been a reluctant public figure.【答案】如果我们的时间得到充分利用，或者会产生一些有用而且重要的产品，这些产品能在市场上卖出相应的价钱；或者它会增加我们的经验，提高我们的能力，当机会来临时，使我们能够挣钱。睡了一晚好觉之后，前一天晚上看似无法克服的问题，往往会变得更容易处理，尽

12、管现今为止这种说法只是轶事。当然在很久以前它就变成了一个商标名称，这个商标不断被纷扰，受到猛烈的辩护，先是迪斯尼，后来是他的公司继承人和受让人。在森林中，整个夏天，树木的枝干都在微微颤动，有些枝干会枯死；然后是猛烈的狂风，暴风雪和冰雹，把这些较弱的树枝撒在地上。他对竞选活动严谨性的私密和警觉，使Tipper经常不情愿地成为公众人物。2. 单选题Coffee can be considered one of natures greatest gifts, it gives mental and emotional（1）without harmful side effects, and it （2

13、） a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the beverage is （3）their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, （4）some believe coffee isnt good for you at all.Well, coffee, like anything else, can cause problems if too much is （5 ）. Moderate con

14、sumption of coffee （6）your body with a wealth of antioxidants. These substances are responsible （7） eliminating free radicals. They are the chemical byproducts produced any time your body does, something. A small number of them can help serve （8）a buffer against negative elements, if they arent（9）in

15、 check, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants ensure that this doesnt happen.The psychological effects of caffeine cannot be （10）either. Not only does caffeine make you more（11）, but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling （12） or overwhelmed, a nice cup of coffee could change y

16、our （13）. The stack of work that seemed impossible before isnt even a problem now. （14）, caffeine helps stimulate creativity as it speeds up the bodys functioning. Thats why coffee is often（15）with writers and other intellectual professions. Other drugs （16）to make people dumber. Consider what happe

17、ns when people get high off of crack or when they get drunk off of alcohol. They wont be （17） at all. But with coffee, an individual gets a creative boost（18）still helping their bodies. In conclusion, dont feel bad when youre brewing your morning cup of coffee.（19）a can of soda or a shot of alcohol,

18、 coffee will make you feel wonderful while keeping you healthy. Just remember, you do have to consume the beverage in （20）.问题1选项A.cleanB.clarityC.brightnessD.clear问题2选项A.combinesB.contentsC.consistsD.contains问题3选项A.improvingB.harmingC.threateningD.stimulating问题4选项A.andB.burC.sinceD.while问题5选项A.consu

19、medB.conductedC.engagedD.attracted问题6选项A.providesB.attributesC.absorbsD.attaches问题7选项A.withB.ofC.forD.to问题8选项A.forB.asC.toD.with问题9选项A.takenB.madeC.putD.kept问题10选项A.ignoredB.abandonedC.deletedD.canceled问题11选项A.stemB.shrewdC.alertD.nasty问题12选项A.immersedB.depressedC.oppressedD.compelled问题13选项A.interpr

20、etiveB.relativeC.representativeD.perspective问题14选项A.On the contraryB.On the other handC.In additionD.At last问题15选项A.associatedB.connectedC.coincidedD.compared问题16选项A.intendB.tendC.extendD.pretend问题17选项A.deliberateB.credibleC.accurateD.functional问题18选项A.thoughB.whileC.beforeD.until问题19选项A.LikeB.Wheth

21、erC.EitherD.Unlike问题20选项A.moderationB.particularC.meditationD.standard【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A第6题:A第7题:C第8题:B第9题:D第10题:A第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:C第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:B第19题:D第20题:A【解析】（1）词义辨析。根据句子结构，可知空格中应填入一个名词，作动词give的宾语。选项A和D可排除。clarity “清楚，明晰”；brightness “光亮，聪明”。句意：它使人精神和心情明朗，没有副作用。选项B符合题意。

22、（2）动词词义辨析。combine “联合，结合”；content “使满足”；consist “由组成”；contain “包含”。句意：它含有丰富的营养物质。选项D符合题意。（3）动词词义辨析。improve “改善”；harm “伤害”；threaten “危害，威胁”；stimulate “刺激”。句意：然而，当大多数人喝咖啡的时候，他们并不认为咖啡正在改善他们的健康状况。选项A符合题意。（4）上下文逻辑。空格前句意思为：事实上，有些人会觉得有些内疚惭愧。空格后一句意思为：有些人认为咖啡对身体根本没有好处。前后两句存在因果关系，所以选用since “因为”，可引导原因状语从句。选项C符

23、合题意。（5）动词词义辨析。consume “消耗”；conduct “组织，实施”；engage “从事，吸引，占用”；attract “吸引”。句意：咖啡和其他东西一样，如果喝得太多也会引起问题。这里是指过量消耗。选项A符合题意。（6）动词词义辨析。provide “提供”；attribute “归属，归因于”；absorb “吸收”；attach “使依附，系上”。句意：适量饮用咖啡可以为身体提供丰富的抗氧化剂。选项A符合题意。（7）固定搭配。be responsible for为固定搭配，“对负责”。句意：这些物质负责清除自由基。选项C符合题意。（8）介词辨析。for “为了”；as

24、“作为”；to “动作的目的和导向”；with “和，与，用”。句意：它们中的一部分可以作为一种缓冲，来对抗负面元素。选项B符合题意。（9）固定搭配。keep in check “阻止，约束，制止”。句意：它们中的一部分可以作为一种缓冲，来对抗负面元素，如果不对它们加以控制，可能会导致健康问题。选项D符合题意。（10）动词词义辨析。ignore “忽视”；abandon “抛弃，放弃”；delete “删除”；cancel “取消”。句意：咖啡因的心理作用也不容忽视。选项A符合题意。（11）形容词词义辨析。stem “严厉的”；shrewd “精明的，机灵的”；alert “警惕的，警觉的”；

25、nasty “下流的，肮脏的”。句意：咖啡因不仅会让你更加警觉，实际上还会影响你的心情。选项C符合题意。（12）词义辨析题。immerse “沉浸，使陷入”；depress “压抑，使沮丧”；oppress “压抑，使烦恼”；compel “强迫，迫使”。根据连词or可知，空格中填入的词和overwhelmed词义和形式都要保持一致。overwhelmed “受打击的”。句意：如果你感到沮丧或受打击。选项B符合题意。（13）词汇辨析。根据空格前的your，可知空格中应该填入名词。interpretive “解释的，作为说明的，为形容词”，选项A可排除。relative “形容词意思为相关的，名

26、词意思为亲戚”。 representative “形容词意思为有代表性的，作名词意思为代表”。perspective “形容词意思为透视的，名词意思为观点”。句意：如果你感到沮丧或受打击的，一杯好咖啡可以改变你的观点。选项D符合题意。（14）逻辑关系。上文提到了咖啡对人体的心理产生作用，影响人的情绪。空格后提到了咖啡因可以刺激人的创造能力，前后都提到了咖啡带来的积极影响，所以前后为递进关系。In addition “除此之外，还有”。选项C符合题意。（15）固定搭配。be associated with “与有关”；be connected with “与连接”；没有搭配be coincide

27、d with，选项C可排除。be compared with “与相比较”。句意：这就是为什么咖啡经常与作家和其他知识界人士联系在一起。选项A符合题意。（16）动词词义辨析。intend “打算，意图”；tend “趋向”；extend “延伸”；pretend “假装”。句意：其他药物会使人变笨。又因为固定搭配tend to “有倾向”。选项B符合题意。（17）形容词词义辨析。deliberate “故意的，深思熟虑的”；credible “可靠的，可信的”；accurate “精确的”；functional “功能的”。句意：想想当人们因吸毒而兴奋或因喝酒而喝醉时会发生一些事情，因此他们的

28、身体各项功能会失调。选项D符合题意。（18）逻辑关系。空格前一句提到咖啡会提升人的创造力，后一句提到会对身体有帮助，可知前后两句都是提到了咖啡带来的好处，可判断前后两句为并列关系。while “与此同时”可表并列，选项B符合题意。（19）逻辑关系。like “像”；whether “是否”；either “或者”；unlike “不像”。句意：不像一罐苏打水或一杯酒，咖啡会让你感觉很好，同时保持你的健康。选项D符合题意。（20）名词词义辨析。moderation “适度，节制”；particular “详细说明”；meditation “冥想，沉思”；standard “标准”。句意：记住，一

29、定要适量饮用这种饮料。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题In the spring of 2010, fiscal austerity became fashionable. I use the term advisedly: the sudden consensus among Very Serious People that everyone must balance budgets now wasnt based on any kind of careful analysis. It was more like a fad, something everyone professed to be

30、lieve because that was what the in-crowd was saying.And its a fad that has been fading lately, as evidence has accumulated that the lessons of the past remain relevant, that trying to balance budgets in the face of high unemployment and falling inflation is still a really bad idea. Most notably, the

31、 confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth. There have been widespread claims that deficit-cutting actually reduces unemployment because it reassures consumers and businesses; but multiple studies of historical record, including one by the International Monetary Fund, have shown that this claim ha

32、s no basis in reality.No widespread fad ever passes, however, without leaving some fashion victims in its wake. In this case, the victims are the people of Britain, who have the misfortune to be ruled by a government that took office at the height of the austerity fad and wont admit that it was wron

33、g. Britain, like America, is suffering from the aftermath of a housing and debt bubble. Its problems are compounded by Londons role as an international financial center: Britain came to rely on too much on profits from wheeling and dealing to drive its economy-and on financial-industry tax payments

34、to pay for government programs.Over-reliance on the financial industry largely explains why Britain, which came into the crisis with relatively low public debt, has seen its budget deficit soar to 11 percent of GD.P. - slightly worse than the U.S. deficit. And theres no question that Britain will ev

35、entually need to balance its books with spending cuts and tax increases. The operative word here should, however, be “eventually.” Fiscal austerity will depress the economy further unless it can be offset by a fall in interest rates. Right now, interest rates in Britain, as in America, are already v

36、ery low, with little room to fall further. The sensible thing, then, is to devise a plan for putting the nations fiscal house in order, while waiting until a solid economic recovery is under way before wielding the ax.But trendy fashion, almost by definition, isnt sensible-and the British government

37、 seems determined to ignore the lessons of history. Both the new British budget announced on Wednesday and the rhetoric that accompanied the announcement might have come straight from the desk of Andrew Mellon, the Treasury secretary who told President Herbert Hoover to fight the Depression by liqui

38、dating the farmers, liquidating the workers, and driving down wages. Or if you prefer more British precedents, it echoes the Snowden budget of 1931, which tried to restore confidence but ended up deepening the economic crisis.The British governments plan is bold, say the pundits-and so it is. But it

39、 boldly goes in exactly the wrong direction. It would cut government employment by 490,000 workers-the equivalent of almost three million layoffs in the United States-at a time when the private sector is in no position to provide alternative employment. It would slash spending at a time when private

40、 demand isnt at all ready to take up the slack. Why is the British government doing this? The real reason has a lot to do with ideology: the Tories are using the deficit as an excuse to downsize the welfare state. But the official rationale is that there is no alternative.What happens now? Maybe Bri

41、tain will get lucky, and something will come along to rescue the economy. But the best guess is that Britain in 2011 will look like Britain in 1931, or the United States in 1937, or Japan in 1997. That is, premature fiscal austerity will lead to a renewed economic slump. As always, those who refuse

42、to learn from the past are doomed to repeat it.1.The “fiscal austerity” refers to （ ）.2.By saying “the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth”，the author means （ ）.3.What is wrong with the current governments financial policy?4.By mentioning Andrew Mellon, the author implies that （ ）.5.To the a

43、uthor, the practice of fiscal austerity will certainly lead to （ ）.问题1选项A.the consensus among financial advisersB.the reduction in expenditureC.the severe economic recessionD.the high inflation rate问题2选项A.balancing budgets does not help with employmentB.businesses have not improved their operationC.

44、reducing budgets is no longer a fad nowD.falling inflation has given consumers confidence问题3选项A.It cuts financial-industry tax payments.B.It ignores Britains financial situation.C.It has launched Britain into another slump.D.It is made as a response to crises in America.问题4选项A.the American leaders h

45、ave made the same mistakeB.the Treasury secretary ignored the interests of the farmers and workersC.the British governments budget plan is seriously wrongD.the American leaders give substantial support to their British counterparts问题5选项A.an unexpected recoveryB.improved employmentC.renewed confidenc

46、eD.a repeated recession【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“the sudden consensus among Very Serious People that everyone must balance budgets now wasnt based on any kind of careful analysis.”，可知第一句中的fiscal austerity等同于这里的balance budgets。严肃人士之间突然达成的共识是，现在每个人都必须平衡预算，而这种共识并不是基于任何仔细的分析。所以平衡

47、预算需要缩减开支，选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第二段，“the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth. There have been widespread claims that deficit-cutting actually reduces unemployment”，可知自信的神话变成了一种虚构。用来暗示财政紧缩政策并没有帮助经济恢复，而财政赤字实际上能降低失业率，并且在第二段中用大量的事实说明了财政紧缩政策并没带来实际作用。可推断出财政紧缩政策对提高就业率并没有产生帮助。选项A符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第四段，“And t

48、heres no question that Britain will eventually need to balance its books with spending cuts and tax increases.”，可知毫无疑问，英国最终将需要通过削减开支和增加税收来平衡收支。可推断出削减金融业的税收的财政政策是错误的。选项A符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“the British government seems determined to ignore the lessons of history.”，可知英国政府似乎忽视了历史的教训。下文用Andrew Mellon的荒

49、谬政策加深经济危机的例子来进一步说明英国政府的平衡收支计划是错误的，忽视了历史教训。选项C符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“premature fiscal austerity will lead to a renewed economic slumpthose who refuse to learn from the past are doomed to repeat it.”，可知过早的财政紧缩将导致新一轮的经济衰退，拒绝吸取历史教训的人注定要重蹈覆辙。可判断出作者认为财政紧缩的做法肯定会导致经济衰退重蹈覆辙。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题The dominant model o

50、f American legal education remains one in which students are taught how to argue aggressively, with no quarter given or taken, and how to fight an opposing viewpoint with （ ）technical skill.问题1选项A.programmedB.un-programmedC.uncompromisingD.promising【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。programmed “程序化的”；un-programmed “非

51、程序化的”；uncompromising “不妥协的，坚定的”；promising “有希望的，有前途的”。句意：美国法律教育的主导模式仍然是这样一种模式:学生们被教导如何进行激烈的辩论，不退缩也不接受对方的怜悯，以及如何以毫不妥协的技巧与对立的观点进行斗争。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题The hotel could not （ ） a party of thirty because almost all its rooms were booked.问题1选项A.contemplateB.compensateC.accommodateD.articulate【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。co

52、ntemplate “沉思，注视”；compensate “补偿”；accommodate “容纳，使适应”；articulate “清晰表达，使相互连贯”。句意：这家旅馆不能容纳30人，因为几乎所有的房间都订满了。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题If the old maxim that the customer is always right still has meaning, then the airlines that ply the worlds busiest air route between London and Paris have a flight on their hand

53、s.The Eurostar train service linking the UK and French capitals via the Channel Tunnel is winning customers in increasing numbers. In late May, it carried its one millionth passengers, having run only a limited service between London, Paris and Brussels since November 1994, starting with two trains

54、a day in each direction to Paris and Brussels. By 1997, the company believes that it will be carrying ten million passengers a year, and continue to grow from there.From July, Eurostar steps its service to nine trains each way between London and Paris, and five between London and Brussels. Each trai

55、n carries almost 800 passengers, 210 of them in first class.The airlines estimate that they will initially lose around 15%-20% of their London-Paris traffic to the railways once Eurostar starts a full service later this year (1995), with 15 trains a day each way. A similar service will start to Brus

56、sels. The damage will be limited, however, the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years.In the short term, the damage caused by the 1 million people-levels traveling between London and Paris and Brussels on Eurostar trains means that some air se

57、rvices are already suffering. Some of the major carriers say that their passenger numbers are down by less than 5% and point to their rivals-Particularly Air Franceas having suffered the problems. On the Brussels route, the railway company had less success, and the airlines report anything from arou

58、nd a 5% drop to no visible decline in traffic.The airlines optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent. British Midland, for example, points to its experience on Heathrow Leeds Bradford service which saw passenger numbers fold by 15% when British Rail electrified and modern

59、ized the railway line between London and Yorkshire. Two years later, travel had risen between the two destinations to the point where the airline was carrying record numbers of passengers.41.British airlines confide in the fact that （ ）.42.The authors attitude towards the drop of passengers may be d

60、escribed as （ ）.43.In the passage, British Rail (Para 6) is mentioned to （ ）.44.The railways Brussels route is brought forth to show that （ ）.45.The passage is taken from the first of an essay, from which we may well predict that in the following part the author is going to （ ）.问题1选项A.they are more

61、powerful than other European airlinesB.their total loss wont go beyond a drop of 5% passengersC.their traffic levels will return in 2-3 yearsD.traveling by rail can never catch up with traveling by air问题2选项A.worried.B.delightedC.puzzledD.unrivaled问题3选项A.provide a comparison with EurostarB.support th

62、e airlines optimismC.prove the inevitable drop of air passengersD.call for electrification and modernization of the railway问题4选项A.the Eurostar train service is not doing good businessB.the airlines can well compete with the railwayC.the Eurostar train service only caused little damageD.only some airlines, such as Air France, are suffering问题5选项A.praise the airlines clear-mindednessB.warn the airlines of high-speed rail servicesC.propose a reduction of London/Paris flightsD.advise the airlines to follow British Midland as their model【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】41.细节理解题。