2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第14期

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The purpose of the official inquiry is to（ ）the true facts leading to the loss of the ship at sea.问题1选项A.come atB.come forC.come intoD.come over【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。come at达到，得到；come for向冲来；come into进入；come over过来。句意：官方调查的目的是查明导致船舶在海上失踪的真实情况。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Got milk

2、? Be very afraid. Or, preferably, a bit skeptical. Some folks are about to try to convince you that milk is toxic. But the real question is, whats more dangerous to your health: milk, or celebrities and activists embarked on the latest trendy crusade （改革）？ This month marks the publicity- pumped debu

3、t of the Anti Dairy Coalition, a band of physicians, self-described “Holly-wood personalities” and others who decry what they call “the health and nutritional risks of consuming dairy products”.The coalition, including its spokes-Jeremiah, writer George Plimpton, would have you believe that milk cau

4、ses heart disease, cancer infections, asthma, allergies and tuberculosis. Robert Cohen, founder of the ADC （and author of Milk: The Deadly Poison, writes: “The Fountain of Youth and cure to illness can be obtained by giving up milk.”）Hyperbole aside, the ADC is spotlighting a question hotly debated

5、by everyone from nutritionists to parents. Many patients ask doctors whether they should give up milk, like that supermodel they saw interviewed on TV. And to be sure, the ADCs overwrought claims do have some scientific basis.Take heart disease. Foods like butter, cheese, ice cream and whole milk ar

6、e packed with saturated fat （饱和脂肪）, which blocks arteries （动脉）and can lead to heart attacks. Thats why most nutritionists advise switching to low-fat or skim milk and eating more yogurt and cottage cheese than Haagen-Dazs and Brie. Even skim milk, though, can trigger allergies in some people, includ

7、ing infants, who in any case will get more iron and other key nutrients from breast milk or formula.So must you flee from milk entirely? Yes, says Cohen, who holds that skim milk is the devils brew. Its full of are you sitting down? Protein. And heres where the ADC starts twisting the facts to reach

8、 wild conclusions. Allergies are frequently triggered by proteins （ true; asthma is an allergic condition （true; its been increasing dramatically （true; doctors dont know the cause （true; therefore, the protein in milk must be the culprit （罪魁祸首）？A similar leap of illogic assumes that because women i

9、n the Netherlands. Denmark, Norway and Sweden consume lots of milk and also suffer high rates of breast cancer; the former must cause the latter. Another clunker is Cohens claim that widespread lactose intolerance （乳糖不耐受） the inability to digest dairy products means milk is of little use as a source

10、 of calcium. In fact, many cases of lactose intolerance are mild and interfere only slightly with calcium uptake. Many people intolerant of milk can easily digest yogurt. And lactase tablets （乳糖分解酵素片）can make dairy products digestible even in severe cases.If milk isnt the perfect food, its still got

11、 some big things going for it. Its an inexpensive source of calcium, protein, potassium and other vitamins and minerals. And unlike other sources of calcium, such as, say, steamed kale, milk is a food kids will eat. The ADC feels that milk is the root of most human maladies （疾病）, but I can point to

12、other single-issue obsessive who insist the villain is meat or wheat or sugar or some other substance that our species has long and happily consumed. I often learn something by examining their claims. But I keep coining back to the mainstream nutritionists, who emphasize a balanced diet and advise m

13、oderation in all things.1.The ADC holds that giving up milk will cause the following diseases EXCEPT（）2.The writer thinks that milk（）.3.It is clear from the passage that（）.4.According to the passage, if you suffer from lactose intolerance（）.5.We can conclude from the passage that the writer is（ ）.问题

14、1选项A.breast cancerB.diabetesC.heart diseaseD.lung disease问题2选项A.is toxic and we should give it upB.is very nutritious and we should consume it as much as possibleC.is the most ideal foodD.has its pluses and minuses and we should consume it sensibly问题3选项A.the writer is of the same opinion about milk

15、with the ADCB.the writer regards milk as the root of most human diseasesC.the writer advises people to stay out of trouble with milkD.the writers opinion about milk differs greatly from the ADCs问题4选项A.you had better give up milk entirelyB.you should have less milk every dayC.you can take lactase whi

16、ch catalyzes （催化）lactose into glucose （葡萄糖）and galactose（半乳糖）D.you must see a doctor at once问题5选项A.an unprejudiced personB.an opinionated personC.a worldly personD.a wise but peculiar person【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节判断题。根据题第二段的第一句“milk causes heart disease, cancer infections, asthma, alle

17、rgies and tuberculosis.”cancer infections和选项A对应；heart disease和选项C对应；tuberculosis（肺结核）和选项D对应。只有选项B（糖尿病）没有提及。2.细节推断题。根据最后一段的前三句可知，作者认为牛奶有好处也有坏处，所以要适量摄取。选项A，B，C表述都太绝对，所以不正确；选项D符合原文。3.细节推理题。根据最后一段的第四句“The ADC feels that milk is the root of most human maladies.”以及第二段的最后一句“The Fountain of Youth and cure t

18、o illness can be obtained by giving up milk.”可知选项B和C都是ADC的观点；根据原文内容可知，作者和ADC的观点是完全不同的，所以本题选D。4.细节事实题。根据关键词“lactose intolerance”定位到第六段第三句“widespread lactose intolerancethe inability to digest dairy productsmeans milk is of little use as a source of calcium.”选项B符合原文。5.细节推断题。根据第三段的最后一句“And to be sure,

19、the ADCs overwrought claims do have some scientific basis.”以及最后一段的内容可知作者是一个公平公正的人，因为他虽然不赞同ADC的观点，但也没有完全否定。所以选项A正确。3. 单选题The German general staff made another dangerous concession to what they considered a military necessity. The plan would be （） not when countries formally declared war but simply wh

20、en they ordered mobilization.问题1选项A.triggeredB.triggeringC.triflingD.trifled【答案】A【解析】trigger引起，发动； trifle浪费，嘲弄。根据句意：德国总参谋部对他们认为是军事需要的东西又作了危险的让步。该计划不会在国家正式宣战时启动，而只是在国家下令动员时启动。首先排除选项C和D，计划是被启动，所以选项A正确。4. 单选题Since the situation is changing, lets take some（ ）measures to deal with it.问题1选项A.availableB.ch

21、angeableC.considerableD.flexible【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。available可获得的；changeable多变的；considerable相当大的，重要的；flexible灵活的。句意：既然情况在变化，让我们采取一些灵活的措施来处理它。选项B和D在句意上似乎都可以，但这里修饰的名词是measures，所以选项D更恰当一些。5. 单选题Before the ( ) of hospitals, the family or communal sauna (桑拿)was favored by Finished women for giving birth. To

22、day, saunas are found in health clubs and gymnasiums around the world.问题1选项A.adventB.adventureC.advertD.advance【答案】A【解析】句意：在医院出现之前，产房妇女青睐于家庭或公共桑拿。今天，桑拿在世界各地的健身俱乐部和健身房随处可见。advent到来，出现；adventure冒险； advert谈到；advance发展，前进。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题The chairman made a (n) （ ） statement before beginning the main busi

23、ness of the meeting.问题1选项A.intensiveB.intermediateC.preliminaryD.operational【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。intensive加强的，集中的； intermediate中间的，起媒介作用的；preliminary初步的；operational操作的，运行的。句意：主席在开始会议的主要工作之前作了初步发言。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the governments（

24、 ）policies.问题1选项A.economicB.economicalC.economyD.economics【答案】A【解析】形近词辨析。economic经济学的，经济的；economical节约的，节俭的；economy经济；economics经济学。句意：虽然Smith博士本人不是经济学家，但他长期以来一直是政府经济政策的严厉批评者。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题In 2005, President Bush put his political capital where his mouth was, and lost. He went all-out to ( ) Congress

25、 and the American people that privatizing Social Security would be good and necessary.问题1选项A.argueB.concedeC.convinceD.confess【答案】C【解析】句意：2005年，布什总统把他的政治资本一直挂在嘴边，结果失败了。他竭尽全力让国会和美国人民相信，将社会保障私有化是好的也是必要的。argue争论、证明； concede 允许，承认；convince 说服，使确信；confess 供认，忏悔。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题On the side of the hill, ther

26、e is a（ ）which was once the entrance to a gold mine.问题1选项A.deep hole in groundB.hole deep in groundC.deep hole in the groundD.deep in the ground hole【答案】C【解析】语法知识。形容词修饰名词应放于名词之前，ground（地面）前面应用定冠词。选项C正确。10. 翻译题1999年，中国开始进入老龄化社会。2004年年底, 60岁以上的人口达到1.43亿，占全国人口总数的10.97%。至此，中国成为世界上拥有最多老龄人口的国家。有专家说1990年到2

27、033年是中国的“人口红利”(population bonus)期, 出生率下降，老龄人口还不算太多，这一时期是有助于经济发展的。2010年到2013年中国劳动力人口将达到9亿人，在这之后“红利”会变成“赤字”，也就是说，这以后需要照顾的老龄人口会迅速增加。据说2030年后的二十年是中国老龄化最严峻的时期。因此，要做好充分准备，好好利用人口红利期来解决严重的老龄化问题。有报告称，中国是典型的成为富裕国家前就面临老龄化社会的国家。这是长期的问题，也需要很长时间才能解决。中国一直坚持计划生育政策，人口增长的趋势得到了有效的控制。据估计，中国到2030年的总人口将达到14. 65亿，届时会面临老龄化

28、和人口出生率下降两大压力，这也一定会给国家的经济和社会发展带来巨大的压力。这份报告还指出，中国在解决老龄化问题的意识、条件及法规上都严重滞后，因此，必须把这个问题的解决纳人到未来国家发展策略中。我们要及早关注老龄化人口的医疗资源，完善社会保障体系。在老龄人口达到顶峰前，建立一个健全的国家性社会保障机制。【答案】Since 1999, China has entered into a situation of the aging society. There will be 143 million Chinese aged 60 or over, accounting for 10. 97 pe

29、rcent of the population to the end of 2004. At this point, China became the country who have the largest number of Aging population. Some experts say that it is Chinas population bonus between 1990 and 2033 when birthrate is decreased and the number of old people is not too much, which helps to deve

30、lop the economies.The total working age population will reach 900 million from 2010 to 2013. After that, the “population bonus” will turn “demographic deficit”, which means that caring for the increasing number of elderly people will grows rapidly. It is said that the worst of the crisis for Chinas

31、aging population hit the twenty years after 2030. Therefore, we should be well prepared so as to deal with the serious problem of agedness by making full use of population dividend.China is the typical country facing the aging population before being rich one according to a report. Its going to be a

32、 perennial problem and could take a long time to resolve. China has stuck to its family-planning policy to efficiently control the tendency of increasing population. It is estimated that Chinas total population will reach 1.465 billion in 2030 when the government would face an aging population and a

33、 decreased birthrate, which will also block the development of economy and society.The report also points out that for china there are serious lags in the consciousness, the reality of conditions and the relevant regulations about aging population, and thus we should put it into the overall national

34、 development strategic layout. We should pay more attention to the medical resources on the aging populations as early as possible, improve the social safety net, and set up the all-sided guaranteeing system before the aging population reaches the peak.11. 单选题At all ages and at all stages of life, f

35、ear presents a problem to almost everyone. We are largely the playthings of our fears, wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. To one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public ridicule; to a fourth, of poverty; to a fifth, of loneliness for all of us our

36、particular creature waits in a hidden place.Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline （肾上腺素）are poured into yo

37、ur bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight. Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.Some peop

38、le are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may

39、 cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill,

40、 for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problem.Phils dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect

41、himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations because the car might break down. Growing up in such a home, Phil naturally learned to become fearful and tense.1.In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, our particular

42、creature refers to （ ） .2.Fear can be a useful emotion to us because it can （ ） .3.Fear becomes a problem only when （ ） .4.Different responses of newborn infants to a loudly slammed door imply that（ ） .5.Psychologists have found that our later fears are determined largely by our（ ） .问题1选项A.fear of s

43、omethingB.a fierce beastC.physical painD.public ridicule.问题2选项A.stimulate many physical changes within our bodyB.quicken our heartbeat and responsesC.pour large quantities of adrenaline into our bloodstreamD.help us respond quickly to danger and protect ourselves.问题3选项A.the danger is thought greater

44、 than it really is.B.the danger is more psychological than physicalC.one cannot stand the dangerD.one is not well prepared for it问题4选项A.some people are inherently more easily affected by danger.B.peoples response to stimuli is not an inherited featureC.some people seem to be very sensitive to noise.

45、D.people sometimes seem to turn a deaf ear to noise.问题5选项A.home educationB.school educationC.parents lifestyleD.early experiences【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.根据上文提到的，恐惧对每个人来说几乎都是一个问题，每个人害怕的事物不一样，所以这里提到的我们这些特殊的生物是指对某种事物感到害怕。选项A正确，选项B，C，D都是指某一类人害怕的东西，不能以偏概全，所以错误。2.根据第二段的内容可知，恐惧是一种有用的情感是因为它能帮助我们面

46、对危险时快速做出反应并自我保护。选项D符合原文。其他选项都只涉及生理反应而忽略了心理反应，太片面。3.根据第二段的最后一句“It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.”只有当恐惧与眼前的危险不成比例时，它才会成为一个问题。也就是说，当危险被认为比实际上更大时，恐惧就会成为一个问题。选项A正确。4.根据第三段第一句“Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. ”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到

47、恐惧的影响。以及第三段的最后一句“From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.”从出生开始，他或她更容易学习恐惧的反应，因为他或她遗传了一种更敏感的倾向。选项A符合原文。5.根据第四段的第一句“psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our l

48、ater fears. ”可知选项D正确。12. 单选题The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world , has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its（1）of more cars, more highways , more pollution, mor

49、e suburbs, more commuting, has（2）to the near-destruction of our cities, and the pollution not only of（3）air , but also of the earth satmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the（4）of the energy crisis.Our present（5）is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters

50、 of the past. Worldwide resources（6） and energy use have brought us to a state（7）long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which（8） the future of our country, our children, and our earth,（9）a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rap

51、idly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of（10） . There is a strong demand for moral revival and（11）some devotion that is vast enough and yet（12）enough to enlist the devolution of all. In the past it has been only in a war i

52、n（13）of their own country（14）any people have been able to（15）themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in（16）with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who（17）with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There

53、 is a（18）need to reassess our present course, and to（19）new methods through which the world can survive. This is priceless（20）.问题1选项A.manufactureB.increaseC.presenceD.expansion问题2选项A.attributedB.contributedC.amountedD.brought问题3选项A.urbanB.ruralC.localD.downtown问题4选项A.formB.caseC.eventD.course问题5选项A.

54、surroundingB.environmentC.circumstanceD.situation问题6选项A.exploitationB.explorationC.explosionD.exposition问题7选项A.thatB.whyC.whenD.where问题8选项A.influencesB.endangersC.restrainsD.transforms问题9选项A.butB.yetC.orD.and问题10选项A.responsibilityB.conscienceC.moralityD.dedication问题11选项A.ofB.byC.withD.for问题12选项A.per

55、sonalB.collectiveC.compulsoryD.unanimous问题13选项A.protectionB.defenseC.rescueD.maintenance问题14选项A.whenB.whyC.thatD.what问题15选项A.engageB.donateC.sacrificeD.devote问题16选项A.comparisonB.accordanceC.cooperationD.connection问题17选项A.regulateB.exhaustC.dominateD.share问题18选项A.mutualB.commonC.universalD.general问题1

56、9选项A.deviseB.alterC.initiateD.modify问题20选项A.challengeB.opportunityC.attemptD.notion【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:A第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:A第20题:B【解析】（1）根据原文：汽车运输的过度发展，伴随着更多的汽车，更多的高速公路，更多的污染，更多的郊区，更多的通勤，已经导致了我们城市几乎毁灭。选项B符合句意。（2）contributed to导致；att

57、ributed to归因于；amounted总计。句意：所有的这些因素导致了城市的近乎毁灭。选项B符合句意。（3）根据原文：不仅污染了当地的空气，而且污染了地球的大气层。选项C包括了其他三个选项，所以更符合原文。（4）in the form of以的形式。这里指这场灾难以能源危机的形式出现。（5）surrounding环境，周围的食物；environment多指自然环境；circumstance境遇；situation情形，情况。句意：我们现在的情况不同于战争、革命或萧条。选项D更符合原文。（6）exploitation开发，开采；exploration探测；explosion爆炸，爆发；ex

58、position展览会。根据原文，这里应该指对资源的开采，选项A正确。（7）先行词是state，where在这里引导主语从句，修饰state。（8）influences影响；endangers 危及；restrains限制；transforms变换，变形。根据原文，这里指由于资源和能源的过度使用，这种状态已经危及到了国家、儿童以及地球的未来，所以选项B正确。（9）根据原文：我们需要的不是继续我们目前严重的状态，而是朝着一种新的规范前进，以便迅速和有效地解决问题。根据上下文可知，这里为转折的关系。选项A符合句意。（10）responsibility责任，义务；conscience良心，道德心；m

59、orality道德，美德；dedication奉献。根据原文，这个国家在道德丧失的持续暴露下一直在倒退。选项C符合原文。（11）根据句意可知，and连接并列句，前面是demand for，后面也应该填介词for。（12）personal个人的，亲自的；collective集体的，共同的；compulsory必修的，强制的；unanimous全体一致的。（13）in defense of country保卫国家，为固定搭配。（14）这里为强调句，所以用that引导，不充当任何成分。（15）根据原文：在过去，只有在保卫自己的国家的战争中，任何人都能全心全意地献身于自己的国家。选项D符合原文。（16

60、）comparison比较；accordance一致，和谐；connection连接，关系；in cooperation with与合作。句意：这是我们第一次被要求与地球上所有其他居民合作，保卫我们自己和我们珍视的东西。选项C符合句意。（17）share with sb. 与共享，共同拥有。句意：这些居民与我们共享着同样濒危的空气和同样濒危的海洋。只有选项D能与介词with搭配。（18）mutual彼此的，相互的；universal普遍的；general一般的。这里指共同的需要。（19）devise设计，想出；alter改变；initiate发起，创始；modify修改。想出新的方法。选项A符

61、合原文。（20）challenge 挑战；opportunity 机会，时机；attempt 企图，尝试；notion概念。这是一个无价的机会。选项B符合原文。13. 单选题The belief that the universe is improving and that good will （ ） triumph over evil prevails.问题1选项A.ultimatelyB.conclusivelyC.feasiblyD.terminally【答案】A【解析】ultimately最后，根本，基本上； conclusively 最后地，决定性地； feasibly可行地； terminally最后，在末端，致命地。句意：宇宙正在进步，正义终将战胜邪恶的信念盛行。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题Television 一 that most pervasive (遍布的)and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth is moving into a new era, an era of extraordina