2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第14期

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1、2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The examination question totally perplexed her.问题1选项A.fascinatedB.confusedC.enlightenedD.saddened【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项fascinated“着迷的；被深深吸引的”；B选项confused“困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的”；C选项 enlightened“开明的；文明的；有知识的；觉悟的”；D选项 saddened“难过的；悲伤的”。句意：考题把她完全难住了。结合此处关键词 question（问题），

2、得知B选项正确。2. 单选题The protective covering of lobsters, nobody could doubt, is an adaptation evolved by Darwinian selection.问题1选项A.adjustmentB.applicationC.argumentD.assembly【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 adjustment “调整，调节；调节器”；B选项 application “应用；申请；应用程序；敷用；（对事物、学习等）投入”；C选项 argument “论证；论据；争吵；内容提要；自变数；主词，受词”；D选项

3、 assembly “装配；集会，集合；汇编，编译”。句意：毫无疑问，龙虾身上的保护层是由达尔文选择进化而来的一种适应。结合此处关键词adaptation “适应”，得知A为正确答案。3. 单选题There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and anoth

4、er trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has becomes more and more obvious. “A segment of games fe

5、atures anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, its a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen. ”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and onlin

6、e games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. Were teaching kids in the most incredible manner what its like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.”They also said “The

7、 new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the players to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completeD.A

8、description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield; they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.”Is all this stimulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000

9、different studies have conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibi

10、lity that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contribution role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars a

11、nnually for television advertising?1. According to one study, most computer and online games_.2. What does the word “dismember” in Paragraph 4 mean?3. Many studies have suggested that_.4. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to illustrate that_.5. The best title for passage is_.问题1

12、选项A.allow the players to take part in killing actsB.that young people like involve violenceC.teach the players to be antisocialD.make the players forget the real life results问题2选项A.To cut somebody into piecesB.To kick somebody outC.To dismiss somebodyD.To stab a knife into somebody问题3选项A.more and mo

13、re young people appreciate cruel computer gamesB.there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer gamesC.violence in computer games makes their player more aggressiveD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real life问题4选项A.other factors must be considered as possible caus

14、es of violence in real lifeB.there is a close link between computer games and increasingly growing violence in real lifeC.computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in realityD.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in reality问题5选项A.The Development

15、 of Violent Computer GamesB.A study on the Influence of Computer and Online GamesC.The Dark Side of Computer and Online GamesD.Computer and Online GamesAdvantages and Disadvantages【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex a

16、nd crude language.” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. 中文翻译为：国家媒体与家庭研究所所长大卫沃尔什说，部分游戏以暴力、性和粗俗语言为反社会主题。A选项 “允许玩家参与杀戮行为”可排除。B选项 “年轻人喜欢使用暴力” 可排除。D选项“让玩家忘记现实生活的结果”可排除。C选项“教导玩家要反社会”最符合题意。因此C选项正确。2.词义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中最后一句“you can also dismember them.” 中文翻译为：你也可以肢解它们

17、。B选项“把某人赶出去” 排除。C选项“解雇某人” 不符合题意。D选项 “用刀刺某人”也可排除。由此可知A选项“把某人切成碎片”正确。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段 “Approximately 3,000 different studies have conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.” 中文翻译为：大约有3000个不同的研究

18、在这个问题上进行。许多人认为游戏中的暴力行为和玩家攻击性的增强之间存在联系A选项 “越来越多的年轻人喜欢残酷的电脑游戏”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“现在有更多的暴力事件是由于电脑游戏”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“电脑游戏中的暴力使玩家更具攻击性”符合题意。因此C选项正确。D选项 “电脑游戏中的模拟暴力不同于现实生活”不符合题意，故排除。4.作者意图题。根据题干关键词“television advertising”定位到原文第六段 “If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annual

19、ly for television advertising?”，中文翻译为：如果这是真的，为什么商业世界每年要花费数十亿美元在电视广告上。联系上下文，D选项“现实中，商业世界正在助长暴力的增加”最符合题意，因此选项D正确。A选项“其他因素也必须被认为是现实生活中暴力的可能原因”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“电脑游戏和现实生活中日益增长的暴力之间有着密切的联系”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏并不是现实中暴力增加的唯一原因”不符合题意，故排除。5.判断推理题。A选项“The Development of Violent Computer Games”暴力电脑游戏的发展，文章不仅仅讲暴力游

20、戏的发展，故A选项排除。B选项“计算机和网络游戏的影响研究”，文章对于计算机并未提及，故B选项排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏的黑暗面”，在文章第一段也讲述了网络游戏的益处，故C选项排除。D选项“电脑和网络游戏的优点和缺点”最符合题意，故选D。4. 单选题Many scientists remain skeptical about the value of this research program.问题1选项A.consciousB.doubtfulC.noveltyD.obscure【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 conscious “意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B选项 do

21、ubtful “可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能确定的”；C选项 novelty “新奇；新奇的事物；新颖小巧而廉价的物品”；D选项 obscure “昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”。句意：许多科学家对这个研究项目的价值仍持怀疑态度。结合此处关键词 skeptical “怀疑的”，得知B选项正确。5. 单选题Wed better discuss the situation before we _ to business.问题1选项A.sit downB.put downC.come downD.get down【答案】B【解析】考查词组。A选项 sit down

22、“坐下；扎营”；B选项 put down “着陆；羞辱；放下；写下；付定金；镇压（暴动、叛乱）”；C选项 come down “下来，降落；流传下来；倒塌；落魄，失势”；D选项 get down “下来；吞下；使沮丧”。句意：我们最好在谈生意之前先讨论一下形势。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。6. 单选题There are actually many convincing reasons to use natural products, even the regular health products are filled with chemicals. All of those excessiv

23、e chemicals do a lot harm to your body.问题1选项A.persuasiveB.confidentC.obedientD.concrete【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 persuasive “有说服力的；劝诱的，劝说的”；B选项confident “自信的；确信的”；C选项 obedient “顺从的，服从的；孝顺的”；D选项 concrete“混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的”。句意：事实上，使用天然产品有很多令人信服的理由，即使是普通的保健品也充满了化学物质。所有这些过量的化学物质都对你的身体有害。结合此处关键词 convincing “

24、令人信服的；有说服力的”，得知A选项正确。7. 单选题She is very resourceful, and she can always find a way around any problem.问题1选项A.delightfulB.responsibleC.industriousD.smart【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 delightful “可爱的，可喜的；讨人喜欢的；令人愉快的”；B选项 responsible “负责的，可靠的；有责任的”；C选项 industrious “勤勉的”；D选项 smart “聪明的；巧妙的；敏捷的；厉害的；潇洒的；剧烈的；时髦的”。

25、句意：她足智多谋，总能找到解决任何问题的办法。结合此处关键词 resourceful “足智多谋的；机智的”，得知D为正确答案。8. 单选题The man had either to leave the country immediately or to surrender himself to the enemy and had no other choice.问题1选项A.alternativeB.hopeC.resourceD.approach【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项alternative“二中选一；供替代的选择 ”；B选项hope“希望”；C选项resource“资源

26、”；D选项 approach“方式”。句意：这个人要么立即离开这个国家，要么向敌人投降，结合此处关键短语leave the country（离开这个国家）以及surrender himself to the enemy（向敌人投降），可推测他是在两者之间进行选择，由此得知A选项正确。9. 写作题In recent years, more and more university graduates go back to their hometown in the rural areas and work there as teachers or village Party secretaries

27、, etC.after obtaining their bachelor or master degrees. Some people say what they do goes against convention. Others say the rural areas are desperately in need of skilled administrators. Then should university graduates go to work in a rural area? Whats your opinion about this phenomenon? Write a p

28、assage on the topic Is University Graduates Going to Work in a Rural Area a Waste of Talent? in about 200 words. You must write clearly and logically on your Answer Sheet.（写在试题册上无效。）Is University Graduates Going to Work in a Rural AreaA Waste of Talent?【答案】略。10. 单选题All the new knowledge which Dr. Sm

29、ith has explained and provided is at length developed and established.问题1选项A.surelyB.eventuallyC.preciselyD.consequently【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 surely “当然；无疑；坚定地；稳当地”；B选项 eventually “最后，终于”；C选项 precisely “精确地；恰恰”；D选项 consequently “因此；结果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解释并提供的新知识最终得到了发展和确立。结合此处关键词 at length “终究；终归；最终”，得知B为

30、正确答案。11. 单选题Because of the stroke, the speaking center of the brain was deaD.When she says “speaking”, she means communication in any form: writing, drawing, body language, gestures any means of expressing herself besides _ sounds.问题1选项A.vibratingB.intoningC.recordingD.vocal【答案】D【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。A选项 vi

31、brating“振动，（使）震动；颤抖；共鸣”；B选项 intoning “缓慢庄重地说；吟咏”；C选项 recording“录音；记录；录像”；D选项 vocal “歌唱的；声音的，有声的”。句意：由于中风，大脑的说话中枢已经死亡。当她说“说话”,意味着任何形式的沟通：写作，画画，肢体语言，手势，任何方式表达自己除了的声音。联系前文，她有多种形式表达沟通，但是除了的声音，可以推测，她由于中风不能发出声音，因此D选项vocal（有声的）符合句意，可知D选项正确。12. 翻译题A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the b

32、est that life could think out; for the world of mans life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone,” said Sir Phil

33、ip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts.”The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angle of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works.【答案】好书常如最精美的宝器，珍藏着人生的思想的精华；因为人的生活世界主要是他的思想世界。因此，

34、最好的书是金玉良言和崇高思想的宝库，这些良言和思想若铭记于心并多加珍视，就会成为我们忠实的伴侣和永恒的慰藉。菲利普西德尼爵士说过：“有高尚思想做伴的人永不孤独。”在我们受到诱惑的时候，美好真实的思想可以作为一种仁慈的视角，净化和保护我们的灵魂。这同样孕育着行为的萌芽，因为金玉良言总能激励善行。13. 单选题The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by his

35、torians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture

36、that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human as opposed to spiritual-values. Fulfillment

37、 in lifeas opposed to concern about an afterlifebecame a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.Artists and writers now turned to secular as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works u

38、nderstandable and appealing. These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance periodhow people thought about music as well as the way music was composed, experienced, discussed, and disseminateD.They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems t

39、hat were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient musicalthough they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wonder

40、ed why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient a

41、rt and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countriesthat we cannot define a single Re

42、naissance style.1. What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the author mean by using the word eventually in Para.1?3. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of _.4. According to the passage, Renaissance artists and writers had all of the foll

43、owing intentions EXCEPT _.5. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?问题1选项A.The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European RenaissanceB.The musical techniques that were in use during the

44、European RenaissanceC.The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical styleD.The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance问题2选项A.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” after the other historians didB.That most music

45、historians used the term “Renaissance”C.The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historiansD.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet问题3选项A.communication among artists across EuropeB.spirituality in

46、 everyday lifeC.a cultural emphasis on human valuesD.religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes问题4选项A.to use religious themesB.to portray only the pleasant parts of human experienceC.to produce art that people would find attractiveD.to create works that were easily u

47、nderstood问题5选项A.The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than styleB.The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical styleC.Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musiciansD.During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very lo

48、ng【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句 “The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques.”，中文翻译为：欧洲音乐复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一场普遍的文化运动和一种精神状态。可以判断C选项“欧洲文艺复兴是一种包括音乐风格变化在内的文化发展。”正确。2.推理判断题。由题干关键字 “

49、eventually”可以定位到原文第一段 “It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600.”，中文翻译为：1855年，历史

50、学家朱尔斯米歇莱(Jules Michelet)在他的法国历史中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化历史学家、艺术历史学家和音乐历史学家采用，所有这些历史学家都在1450-1600年的150年间将其应用于欧洲文化。关键词 “eventually”意为“最后；终于”因此可知A选项：音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后才使用“文艺复兴”这个词正确。3.细节事实题。由题干关键词“that thinkers of the Renaissance” 可定位到原文第一段“To these scholars this meant a return to human as opposed to spiritual-valu

51、es.”，中文翻译为：对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类，而不是灵魂价值。判断C选项“对人类价值的文化强调”正确。4.细节事实题。A选项“使用宗教主题”，C选项“创作出人们会觉得有吸引力的艺术作品”以及D选项“创作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artists and writers now turned to secular as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. ”，中文翻译为：艺术家和作家现在转向世俗和宗教题材，力求使他们的作品易于理

52、解和吸引人。可知B选项“只描绘人类经历中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合题意。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段 “Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countriesthat we cannot define a single Renaissance style.”，中文翻译为：此外，音乐在这一个半世纪里变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化我们不能定义一个单一的文艺复兴风格。判断出D选项“在文艺复兴时

53、期，音乐从未长时间保持不变。”正确。14. 单选题Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many

54、different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no

55、 outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, w

56、hich control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.The study was carried out under the gu

57、idance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect

58、as they shoulD.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.Other studies did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brains electrical activity and made a man of the electrical signals.Frank Duffy experimented with his techniques at Childrens Hospital Medi

59、cal Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.1. Scientist found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in _.2. Which of the following is N

60、OT mentioned in the passage?3. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that _.4. Doctor Duffy believed that _.5. According to the passage we can conclude that further research should be made _.问题1选项A.structure and functionB.color and functionC.size and arrangementD.color and arrangement问题2选项

61、A.Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brainB.Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brainC.Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of brain cellsD.Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain问题3

62、选项A.many factors account for learning disorderB.a learning-disabled person shows no outward signsC.reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the populationD.the brain activity of learning-disabled children is different from that of normal children问题4选项A.he found the exact

63、cause of learning disabilitiesB.the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brainC.the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brainD.the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain问题5选项A.to investigate possible influences on brain development and organizationB.to study how children learn to read and write, and use numbersC.to