2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第83期

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1、2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题The government gave a very（ ）explanation of its plans for industrial development.问题1选项A.understandingB.comprehensiveC.compulsoryD.sophisticated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。understanding意为“善解人意的，富有同情心的”；comprehensive意为“详尽的，综合性的，全部的”；compulsory意为“必须做的，强制性的”；sophisticated

2、意为“复杂的”。句意：政府给出了一个对其工业发展计划十分全面的解释。2. 单选题Humble （ ）it may be, theres no place like home, （ ）her may go.问题1选项A.like, whenB.as, whereverC.although, whereD.which, wherever【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。as引导让步状语从句必须进行倒装，此处将表语humble提前；wherever意为“无论哪儿”，引导地点状语从句。句意：尽管家很简陋，但无论她去哪儿，没有一个地方可以和家相提并论。3. 单选题The goal of communica

3、tion is to （ ）thoughts and ideas clearly and effectively through various modes of communication, including speaking and writing, telecommunications and other technology.问题1选项A.promoteB.articulateC.generateD.brainstorm【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。promote意为“促进，推进”；articulate意为“明确表达，发音清晰”；generate意为“形成，造成”；brainsto

4、rm意为“具体讨论”。句意：沟通的目的是通过各种交流方式，包括说话和写作、电信和其他技术，清晰有效地表达思想观念。4. 翻译题Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese.The United Kingdom has an extraordinarily rich and diverse artistic heritage, with British poets, playwrights, musicians, sculptors, painters and filmmakers enjoyed and

5、 admired all over the world.The United Kingdoms contributions to the visual arts are immense and then there are many traces to be found around the country, from striking architecture to paintings, ceramics and sculptures which can be easily found in our many art galleries and museums.The performing

6、arts are thriving as well. Music, theatre, filmmaking, dance and opera are all performed enthusiastically in theatres, concert halls and studios all over the country every night of the year.The richness of our cultural life is largely down to our diverse history, for many hundreds of years different

7、 races and cultures have had an influence on the United Kingdom and have consequently played a role in creating the society we live in today.【答案】英国有着及其丰富多样的艺术遗产，受人喜爱和尊敬英国诗人、剧作家、音乐家、雕塑家、画家和电影制作人遍布世界各地。英国对视觉艺术的贡献是巨大的，在全国各地有许多踪迹可寻，从引人注目的建筑到绘画、陶瓷和雕塑，在我们的许多美术馆和博物馆都很容易找到。表演艺术也蓬勃发展。音乐、戏剧、电影制作、舞蹈和歌剧每晚都在全国各地

8、的剧院、音乐厅和摄影棚中激情地演出。我们文化生活的丰富性在很大程度上取决于我们多元的历史。数百年来，不同的种族和文化对英国产生了影响，并因此在创造我们今天生活的社会中发挥了作用。5. 单选题（ ）teller machines have reduced the need for bank visits to obtain cash and carry out transactions.问题1选项A.CorrelatedB.AutomatedC.IncorporatedD.Prototyped【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。correlated意为“相互关系的”；automated意为“自动化

9、的”；incorporated意为“组成公司的”；prototyped意为“原型的”。句意：自动取款机减少了去银行提取现金和进行交易的需要。6. 单选题Too many people believe that to achieve great things we must make brutal sacrifices, that to succeed in work we must focus single-mindedly, at the （ ）of everything else in life.问题1选项A.heartB.beginningC.mercyD.expense【答案】D【解析

10、】考查固定搭配。at the expense of意为“以为代价”。句意：太多的人相信为了成就大事我们必须做出残酷的牺牲，为了在工作中取得成功，我们必须一心一意，以牺牲生活中的其他一切为代价。7. 单选题Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought（ ）a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.问题1选项A.as forB.in view ofC.in case ofD.such as【答案】D【

11、解析】考查介词辨析。as for意为“关于”；in view of 意为“由于，鉴于”；in case of意为“万一，如果”；such as意为“例如”。句意：研究表明，能够极大地给人幸福感的东西不能买到，例如好的家庭生活、友谊和工作满足感。8. 单选题Hoping that he might be able to （ ）the problem, I asked Manio to look at the engine.问题1选项A.shed light onB.make light ofC.bring light toD.set light to【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。shed li

12、ght on意为“阐明，解释”；make light of意为“对不在乎，轻视”；bring light to意为“为带来光明”；set light to意为“点燃，点着”。句意：我让马里奥看一下引擎，希望他能弄清楚这个问题。9. 单选题Body paint or face paint is used mostly by men in pre literate societies in order to attract good health or to （ ）disease.问题1选项A.set asideB.ward offC.shrug offD.give away【答案】B【解析】考查

13、动词辨析。set aside意为“留作之用，置于不顾”；ward off意为“躲开，防止（危险、疾病等）”；shrug off意为“把不当回事，对置之不理”；give away意为“捐赠，错失，泄露”。句意：在前文化社会中，身体涂料或脸部彩绘主要是用来保持身体健康或者抵御疾病。10. 单选题Before moving to another city, Amy （ ）of the house and the furniture.问题1选项A.disposedB.discardedC.dischargedD.distributed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。dispose of意为“处理，解决

14、”；discard of意为“丢弃”；discharge of意为“执行（职责）”；distribute意为“分发，分配”。句意：在搬到另一个城市之前，艾米处理掉了房子和家具。11. 单选题After （ ）seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel managers office.问题1选项A.thatB.itC.whatD.there【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。分析句子，可知句中缺少主语，因此用what引导名词性从句并在句中作主语；that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分。句意：在漫长的等待之后，轮到他进入

15、人事经理办公室了。12. 单选题Christians calm Jesus was a real（ ）character, but some today have their doubts.问题1选项A.historicalB.historicC.historyD.historian【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。historical意为“历史的，历史上的”，指的是和历史有关的或是历史上出现过的人或事；historic意为“有历史影响的”，指重要的历史事件；history意为“历史，历史学”；historian意为“历史学家”。句意：基督徒声称耶稣是历史上一个真实的人物，但今天有些人对此表示

16、怀疑。13. 单选题You can improve the quality of your everyday life by building （ ）,which will help you adapt to stress and bounce back from lifes most difficult times.问题1选项A.consistenceB.competenceC.resistanceD.resilience【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。consistence意为“浓度，坚固性”；competence意为“能力”；resistance意为“抵抗”；resilience意为“弹

17、力，快速恢复，适应力”。句意：你可以提高你日常生活的质量通过培养适应力，这将帮助你适应压力并从生活中最艰难的时刻恢复过来。14. 单选题Maths and science certainly underpin many innovations. Indeed, they are the basis for much of modern society, from the gadgets people use to the ways in which people interact with one another and the way in which they think. So clos

18、e is the relationship that politicians seeking to persuade voters that they are promoting economic growth use science and innovation almost interchangeably. But laudable as it is in its own right, does promoting maths and science represent the best way to stimulate future innovation?Chris Budd, an a

19、pplied mathematician at Bath University in Britain, points to the mathematical foundations of the commercial world: the internet, computers, mobile phones, modern medicine and even transport systems. These employ branches of mathematics that were considered obscure until recently but have found appl

20、ications in areas such as building search engines, he argues. It is difficult to predict which new scientific advance will generate new economic activity but science nevertheless boosts productivity. And as governments have sought to promote business, they have encouraged universities to establish s

21、pin-off companies and to build partnerships with other fledgling organizations seeking to develop new products and new processes, which has helped to generate wealth.That may all be true, but it is not sufficient, says Chris Trimble, who co-wrote The Other Side of Innovation: Solving the Execution C

22、hallenge with Vijay Govindarajan, both of whom conduct research into innovation at Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College in America. Of course maths and science can stimulate future innovation, but promoting these disciplines is not necessarily the best way of bringing about change. He cites

23、targeted incentives, public and private spending andmost importantly, in his viewbetter management as more powerful alternatives. It is management education not technical education that is lacking, he argues. There is a surfeit of bright ideas but not enough wherewithal to implement them.Yet the abi

24、lity to create wealth not only depends on using tools that were scientifically designed; it also requires people to think both creatively and in cold, calculating ways. To misquote Thomas Edison, innovation is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. Time then, mentally, to roll up your sleeves.1.From t

25、he first paragraph, we may know that many innovations （ ）.2.The world “laudable” in Para. 1 probably meant（ ）.3.“It” in Para. 1 (the last sentence) may refer to（ ）.4.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about Chris Budd?5.To Chris Trimble, education of maths and science（ ）.问题1选项A.are engend

26、ered by maths and scienceB.bring convenient life to modern peopleC.count most for politicians to gain votesD.lead directly to world economic growth问题2选项A.understandableB.praiseworthyC.believableD.feasible问题3选项A.modern societyB.promotion of economyC.science and innovationD.importance of maths and sci

27、ence问题4选项A.He works in a British university as an applied mathematician.B.He firmly believes that mathematics will generate new economic activity.C.He may think that it is logical to expect innovations to come out of universities.D.He argues for the promotion of maths and science to foster future in

28、novations.问题5选项A.proves sufficient to stimulate future innovationB.means little compared with targeted incentivesC.is less important than management educationD.serves as the underpinning of economic productivity【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Maths and science certainly underpin ma

29、ny innovations. Indeed, they are the basis for much of modern society, from the gadgets people use to the ways in which people interact with one another and the way in which they think.（数学和科学无疑是许多创新的基础。事实上，它们是现代社会的基础，从人们使用的小工具到人们相互交流和思考的方式）可知A选项“由数学和科学产生”符合题意。第2题:词义题。understandable意为“能懂的，可理解的”；prais

30、eworthy意为“值得称赞的，值得表扬的”；believable意为“可信的”；feasible意为“可行的”。由But laudable as it is in its own right（数学和科学对于创新很重要，尽管这值得称赞）可知选B。第3题:词义题。文章第一段开篇就提出数学和科学支撑着很多创新，它们是现代社会的基础，因此可以推测主要是讲述数学与科学的重要性，故选D。第4题:推理判断题。根据题干关键此词Chris Budd定位至文章第二段，由It is difficult to predict which new scientific advance will generate ne

31、w economic activity but science nevertheless boosts productivity.（很难预测哪一项新的科学进步会产生新的经济活动，但科学却能提高生产力）可知B选项“他坚信数学将产生新的经济活动”表述过于绝对，不符合原句表达的含义。第5题:观点态度题。根据题干关键词Chris Trimble定位至文章第三段，由Of course maths and science can stimulate future innovation, but promoting these disciplines is not necessarily the best

32、way of bringing about change. He cites targeted incentives, public and private spending andmost importantly, in his viewbetter management as more powerful alternatives. It is management education not technical education that is lacking, he argues.（当然，数学和科学可以刺激未来的创新，但推广这些学科并不一定是带来变革的最佳方式。他列举了有针对性的公共和

33、私人激励措施。在他看来，支出最重要的是更好的管理是更有力的替代方案。他认为，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技术教育）可知选C。15. 单选题You will get to the church more quickly if you take this （ ）across the fields.问题1选项A.trackB.passageC.hedgeD.journey【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。track意为“小路，小道”；passage意为“通道，走廊，段落”；hedge意为“树篱，障碍”；journey意为“旅行，行程”。句意：如果你走小路穿过这片区域，能更快到教堂。16. 单选题Elect

34、ric vehicles are potential game changers in transportation, a sector which （ ）largest share of oil consumption.问题1选项A.posesB.assumesC.representsD.owes【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。pose意为“产生，提出，摆好姿势”；assume意为“假定，认为”；represent意为“代表”；owe意为“欠，归功于，应给予”。句意：电动汽车是交通运输中潜在的游戏变革者，是占石油消费比重最大的部门。17. 单选题The helicopter （ ）a lig

35、ht plane and both pilots were killed.问题1选项A.coincided withB.stumbled onC.tumbled toD.collided with【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。coincide with意为“与一致”；stumble on意为“无意中发现”；tumble to意为“跌到”；collide with意为“与相撞”。句意：直升机与一架轻型飞机相撞，两名飞行员都遇难了。18. 单选题If a girls eyes （ ）when she looks at you, it means she is interested in you.

36、问题1选项A.glitterB.sparkleC.flashD.flicker【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。glitter意为“闪烁，闪现(某种强烈情感)”；sparkle意为“闪耀，闪烁”；flash意为“使闪光，使闪烁”，带有“兴奋、喜悦、高兴之色”，指快速地发出强光；flicker意为“闪烁”，指闪出不太强的光。句意：如果一个女孩看着你，她的眼睛放光，意思是她对你感兴趣。19. 单选题Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physic

37、ian just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the speci

38、alist rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors -two primary care physicians and five specialists-in a given year. Contrary to popular belief,

39、 the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical

40、 service. The more a physician does. Regardless of quality or outcome, the better hes reimbursed. Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialists who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary car

41、e physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patients disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements，physicians are faces with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are eith

42、er driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S medical

43、students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.How do we fix this problem?It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to

44、squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference betwee

45、n specialist and primary care physician salaries.Were at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.Who will

46、 be there to treat them?1.The authors chief concern about the current U.S health care system is（ ）.2.We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that（ ）.3.Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately primary care physicians have to（ ）.4.Why do many new medical g

47、raduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?5.What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?问题1选项A.the inadequate training of physiciansB.the declining number of doctorsC.the shrinking primary care resourcesD.the ever-rising health care costs问题2选项A.the more c

48、ostly the medicine, the more effective the cureB.seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errorsC.visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good healthD.the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better问题3选项A.increase their income by working overtimeB.improve their expertise and servi

49、ceC.make various deals with specialistsD.see more patients at the expense of quality问题4选项A.They find the need for primary care declining.B.The current system works against primary care.C.Primary care physicians command less respect.D.They think working in emergency rooms tedious.问题5选项A.Bridge the sa

50、lary gap between specialists and primary care physicians.B.Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.C.Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.D.Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。通读全文，可知作者提出了美国目前初

51、级护理医师比例的严重失衡，造成这一现象的主要原因是薪酬，以及解决的方法，因此C选项“初级保健资源萎缩”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care.（与人们普遍的看法相反，医生照顾你的次数越多，就不能保证更好的护理）可知人们通常认为医生照顾病人越多，就越好。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第四段和第五段中physicians are faces with no choice but to increase quant

52、ity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices（医生们别无选择，只能增加数量以增加收入。拒绝妥协质量的初级保健医师要么被逐出行业，要么从事与一些现金相关的行业）可知D选项“以牺牲质量为代价看更多的病人”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章第六段They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against p

53、rimary care.（他们看到了费用返还体制是如何严重地弄虚作假，不利于初级护理）可知B选项“现行制度是针对初级护理”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章倒数第三段提出了解决初级护理的一些措施，包括：改革医生返还费用制度；减轻初级保健医生压力；免除选择初级护理作为职业的学生贷款；缩小专科医师与初级护理医师薪水的差异。因此A选项“缩小专家和初级保健医生之间的工资差距”符合题意。20. 单选题Engineering offers men and women an （ ）opportunity to experience the joy of improving the quality of life for humankind through development of engineering solutions to societal problems.问题1选项A.absoluteB.unparalleledC.elaborateD.obsessive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。absolute意为“绝对的，完全的”；unparalleled意为“无比的，空前的”；elaborate意为“复杂的，详尽的”；obsessive意为“着迷的”。句意：工程学为男性和女性提供一个前所未有的机会，通过开发解决社会问题的工程解决方案来让他们体验改善人类生活质量的乐趣。