2022年考博英语-中国海洋大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第88期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国海洋大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Before the Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to John Steinbeck in 1962, only five Americans had been previously thus honored, the most recent being Ernest Hemingway in 1954 and William Faulkner in 1949. Steinbeck had been considered on those occasions a

2、nd also in 1945. As the honor is by far the greatest any writer can receive, Steinbeck was elated. The feeling of elation was tempered slightly, however, by the observation expressed by Steinbeck in 1956，that recipients of the Nobel Prize seldom write anything of value afterwards. He cited Hemingway

3、 and Faulkner as examples, minimizing the point that by the time of their selection most writers had already written their best work. At the age of sixty, when he received the awards himself, Steinbeck wrote to a friend that he would not have accepted the award had he not believed that he would cont

4、inue to write well, that he 4*could beat the rap Like his contemporaries, and others as well, however, he did not.There was no expectation or need that the writer does so, for Steinbeck had long before made his mark in modern American literature.1.In what year was Steinbeck sixty years old?2.Accordi

5、ng to the passage, Steinbeck wrote his best work （ ）.3.Before 1949, how many Americans had received the Nobel Prize for literature?4.In the second paragraph, the phrase does so” refers to（ ）.5.What is the authors attitude toward John Steinbeck?问题1选项A.1949B.1954C.1956D.1962问题2选项A.in an expressive sty

6、leB.before receiving the Nobel PrizeC.while he was feeling elatedD.guided by his contemporaries问题3选项A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five问题4选项A.feel elated at receiving the Nobel PrizeB.accept the Nobel Prize if nominatedC.write well after receiving the Nobel PrizeD.honor Nobel Prize winners of the past问题5选项A.St

7、einbeck was an exceptionally different authorB.Steinbeck should have received the Nobel Prize earlierC.Steinbeck wrote equally well throughout his lifeD.Steinbeck earned his reputation well before 1962【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: Before the Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to

8、 John Steinbeck in 1962 (在诺贝尔文学奖于1962年被授予John Steinbeck（约翰斯坦贝克）之前),以及后面说到: At the age of sixty, when he received the awards himself (60 岁时，在他 （约翰斯坦贝克）自己得到该奖项（即诺贝尔文学奖）后),由此可知D项 “1962年”正确。2.判断推理题。最后一段指出: There was no expectation or need that the writer does so,for Steinbeck had long before made his ma

9、rk in modern American literature (不期望或不需要)约翰斯坦贝克在得到诺贝尔文学奖后继续写出好作品，因为他在很早以前己经在现代美国文学上成名了。由此可知B项“在获得诺贝尔奖之前”正确。3.判断推理题。第一段指出: Before the Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to John Steinbeck in 1962，only five Americans had been previously thus honored, the most recent being Ernest Hemingway in 1954 a

10、nd William Faulkner in 1949 (在诺贝尔文学奖于1962年被授予John Steinbeck（约翰斯坦贝克）之前，只有五位美国人先前受到过如此殊荣，这五位在时间上最近的是1954年的欧内斯特海明威（美国作家）和1949年的威廉福克纳（美国小说家）),由此可知1949年以前获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国人有三位。4.判断推理题。does so” 出现在第二段,其所在句是顺承前面的句子: Steinbeck wrote to a friend that he would not have accepted the award had he not believed that he

11、 would continue to write well, that he “could beat the rap” (约翰斯坦贝克给一位朋友写信称，如果他不相信自己将继续写出好作品和能免受指责（诺贝尔奖得主在得奖后很少写出有价值的任何东西）的话，那么他将不会接受诺贝尔奖),由此可知C项 “获得诺贝尔奖后写出好作品”正确。5.观点态度题。最后一段指出: There was no expectation or need that the writer does so for Steinbeck had long before made his mark in modern American l

12、iterature (不期望或不需要这位作者（即约翰斯坦贝克）在得到诺贝尔文学奖后继续写出好作品， 因为约翰斯坦贝克在很早以前已经在现代美国文学上成名了)。由此可知D项 “约翰斯坦贝克在1962年前已经非常出名”正确。2. 单选题I （ ）the packages up before taking them to the post office.问题1选项A.bumpedB.bundledC.bulkedD.bunched【答案】B【解析】句意:我把包裹打包好带去了邮局。考查形近词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Bump 碰撞,颠簸而行,提高; bundle捆,匆忙地走; buckle扣住

13、,弯曲,专心做事; bunch使成一束（或一群）,隆起,成束成群。根据关键词package(包裹)可知B符合句意。3. 单选题The students were supposed to （ ）their assignment by now.问题1选项A.finishB.have finishedC.finishingD.having finished【答案】B【解析】句意:到现在为止，学生们应该已完成作业了。语法题。考查现在完成时。由关键词by now (到现在为止)可知句子 用现在完成时态。Be supposed to 后面应该接动词原形have。故选B。4. 单选题The father l

14、ost his （ ）just because his son failed again in the final exam.问题1选项A.mindB.moodC.passionD.temper【答案】D【解析】句意:父亲发脾气只是因为儿子期末考试又考砸了。考查固定搭配。lose ones temper 发脾气。5. 单选题We now come to the vital topic of money. First, we must remember that science, on any significant scale, exists only in economies where t

15、here is surplus of goods and services. A prosperous economy forms a necessary base for scientific work. Tragically, the economies of the underdeveloped countries, where the need is overwhelming, have not supported-nor have they been capable of supportingany substantial scientific and technical train

16、ing or research. Read the speech of P.M.S. Blackette, President of the Royal Society, in which the existing great disparity between the have and have-not economies is considered. The primary theme of his address is that the gap is not closing; on the contrary, it steadily grows wider.The United Stat

17、es, as the most wealthy industrial nation, spends a greater amount on research and development than any other nations. It is beyond the scope of this book to consider in detail whether the amount spent is adequate, either in relation to our own economy or in relation to our position in the world. At

18、 best the question is an open one.In the last few years, financial support for science has changed significantly. It is frustrating to report that, in spite of numerous statements about the extent and nature of these changes, it has been impossible to find sufficient agreement to be sure just what h

19、as happened. Two points do appear clear. First, there has been an overall cut in research funds, further reinforced by substantial inflation of prices. Second, there has been increased emphasis on relevant research-that is research with immediate practical applications.One report that reflects most

20、closely our own estimate of the situation was made by a five-member committee from the National Academy of Sciences. This group investigated funding of chemistry projects by the National Institutes of Health. The committee concluded that funding had been declined by an average of 20% and that the se

21、ction most closely related to basic research had funds cut in half. The committee found that various institutes, in-house research, administrative budgets, and continuing extramural （校外的）grants had been protected with the result that new and renewal grants had become a disaster area. Other reports s

22、tating that federal institutes funds have had only limited cuts have apparently ignored the point made by the National Academy Committee.1.Which of the following is true about the underdeveloped countries?2.Which of the following words means nearly the same as “disparity” used in line 6 of paragraph

23、 one?3.“At best the question is an open one” in the second paragraph means that （ ）.4.Which area of research has suffered most from the cuts in the federal institutes funds?5.Which of the following could be best used for the title of the passage?问题1选项A.They need scientific and technical training or

24、research badly.B.They are too poor to spare enough for the development of science.C.They have other priorities instead of spending a decent amount of money on science.D.All of above问题2选项A.DisputeB.DiversionC.InequalityD.Argument问题3选项A.the question has to be left to the public to decideB.the question

25、 is too self-evident to be discussed any furtherC.different people may have different opinion about this questionD.more information has to be collected before the question can be finally answered问题4选项A.Applied researchB.Basic researchC.Chemistry projectsD.New research projects问题5选项A.Dispute about re

26、search fundingB.Trends of research fundingC.Research and developmentD.Basic and applied researches【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。A: 他们对科学技术培训和研发有极强的需求,B: 他们太穷，以至于没有足够的科学发展资金,C: 他们有其他需要优先考虑的事情，而不是花大量资金在科研上。根据题干关键词the “underdeveloped” countries定位至第一段: Tragically, the economies of the underde

27、veloped” countries, where the need is overwhelming, have not supported-nor have they been capable of supporting-any substantial scientific and technical training or research(可悲的是，欠发达国家有很强的科研需求，但其经济却无法支持，或者没有能力支持任何一项实质的科学技术培训或研发),由此判断此题选D“以上所有选项”。2.词义题。“disparity”所在句为: Read the speech of P.M.S. Black

28、ette, President of the Royal Society, in which the existing great disparity between the have and have-not economies is considered (阅读皇家学会主席P.M.S.Blackette的演讲，其中就考虑了“有”和“没有”经济体之间存在的巨大),由此推测, “disparity”表示 “不同”或者 “差异”。四个选项中,C项 inequality(不同)与之意思最为接近。3.语义题。“At best the question is an open one ”表示“充其量是一

29、个开放的问题”,因此C项“对此问题，不同的人有不同的观点”比较符合这句话意思。4.细节事实题。第四段指出: The committee concluded that funding had been declined by an average of 20% and that the section most closely related to basic research had funds cut in half (委员会得出的结论是，资金平均己经削减了20%,与此最密切相关的基础研究的基金减少一半)。故选B “基础研究”。5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了财政对科研的支持的不同报道和不同观

30、点。经济实力强的国家能为科研提供更多支持，经济欠发达国家更需要发展科研，但是却没有足够的资金支持，因此人们对于财政支持科研发展有不同的观点看法。因此A项 “关于研究经费的讨论”比较适合做文章标题。6. 单选题The hotel （ ）only $50 for a double room in the slack season.问题1选项A.claimsB.pricesC.chargesD.demands【答案】C【解析】句意:在淡季，这家旅馆的双人间只需要50美元。考查固定搭配。charge for 索价,要价。7. 单选题The Canterbury Tales （ ）written by

31、Chaucer.问题1选项A.has beenB.wereC.wasD.had been【答案】C【解析】句意:坎特伯雷故事集是乔叟写的。语法题。考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语为The Canterbury Tales(一本书),后面又有关键信息written by Chaucer,所以谓语动词应该用一般过去时和第三人称单数形式。故选C。8. 单选题（ ） both the largest and northernmost state in the United States, Alaska has thesmallest population.问题1选项A.Despite beingB.Des

32、pite it isC.Despite thatD.In spite being【答案】A【解析】句意:虽然阿拉斯加州是美国最大且位置最靠北的州，但是人口却是最少的。语法题。考查现在分词引导状语从句。分析题干跟选项可知,空格处表示让步 “尽管”,句子后半句为主句,所以前半句为be动词的现在分词形式引导的让步状语从句。故选A。9. 单选题（ ） . a car knocked her down.问题1选项A.Walking homeB.While walking homeC.As she was walking homeD.Having walked home【答案】C【解析】句意:在她回家的路

33、上，一辆汽车把她撞到了。语法题。考查时间状语从句。题干后半部分已经是完整句子,联系选项判断空白处需要填时间状语。从句的逻辑主语和主句主语不一致,因此不能用分词作状语,排除A,B,D。as可以引导时间状语从句。故选C。10. 单选题I can meet you at eight oclock; （ ）you can call for me.问题1选项A.incidentallyB.actuallyC.alternativelyD.accordingly【答案】C【解析】句意:我可以八点钟跟你见面，或者你也可以来接我。考查副词辨析。Incidentally顺便,偶然地; actually 实际上;

34、 alternatively 二者择一地,或者; accordingly 因此。故C符合句意。11. 单选题He has been in China for a year and studied the market to discover the （ ）for profitable investment.问题1选项A.necessityB.realityC.capacityD.potential【答案】D【解析】句意:他在中国待了一年来研究市场，以便发现投资获利的可能性。考查名词辨析。Necessity必然,必要,需要; reality现实,事实; capacity容量,能力,职位; pot

35、ential 可能,潜能。故D符合句意。12. 单选题In education there should be a good （ ）among the branches of knowledge thatcontribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.问题1选项A.distributionB.combinationC.assignmentD.balance【答案】D【解析】句意:教育领域内，在促进有效思考和机智判断的不同知识分支中应该有一个良好的平衡。考查名词辨析。Distribution分配,分布,分发; combination结合,联合

36、,混合; assignment (分派的)工作，任务,(工作等的)分派; balance平衡。分析题干可知此处表示“保持平衡”。故选D。13. 单选题It is always my height that gives me （ ）.问题1选项A.offB.upC.awayD.out【答案】C【解析】句意:一直以来都是我的身高把我暴露了。考查短语辨析。give off 发出(光)等,长出 (枝)等; give up 放弃,交出; give away 泄露, 使露出真面目; give out 分发,公布。根据题干中的my height可知C符合句意。14. 单选题The manager needs

37、 an assistant that he can （ ）to take care of problems in his absence.问题1选项A.count inB.count onC.count upD.count out【答案】B【解析】句意:这个经理需要一位靠得住的助手，以便他不在时去处理问题。考查短语辨析。count in把算入,包括; count on预计,指望,依靠,依赖; count up计算（或清点）总数; count out不把算在内。根据句意可知B正确。15. 单选题（ ）my colleague and myself, Id like to give a warm

38、welcome to you all.问题1选项A.On behalf ofB.On account ofC.In place ofD.In memory of【答案】A【解析】句意:我代表我的同事和自己，向你们表示热烈的欢迎。考查短语辨析。on behalf of代表,为了; on account of因为; in place of代替; in memory of纪念。因此A符合句意。16. 单选题True patriotism （ ）putting the interests of ones country above everything, including ones own life

39、.问题1选项A.derives fromB.lies withC.rests onD.consists in【答案】D【解析】句意:真正的爱国精神在于把国家的利益看得高于一切，包括个人生命。考查短语辨析。四个选项均为对应动词短语的三单形式。derive from起源于,来自,导出; lie with取决于; rest on依靠,信赖,停留在; consist in在于,存在于。故D符合句意。17. 单选题I have been living in a dorm room, （ ）faces north, for three years and have suffered a lot.问题1选项

40、A.the windowB.which windowC.whose windowD.its window【答案】C【解析】句意:我在一个窗户朝北的宿舍里已住了三年，这让我受了很多苦。语法题。考查定语从句。分析题干和选项可知,句子主干为I have been living in a dorm room for three years and have suffered a lot, 而“ faces north” 为room的定语, window（窗户）和room (房间)是从属关系,所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。18. 单选题Mathematics as well as other s

41、ubjects （ ）a science.问题1选项A.wasB.isC.areD.belong to【答案】B【解析】句意:如其它学科一样，数学是一门科学。语法题。考查主谓一致。名词+as well as/no less than/but/except/with/like +其他名词做主语吋，谓语与第一个名词一致。Mathematics(数学)为单数，故谓语动词也应该用三单形式。此处是陈述事实,所以时态选用一般现在时。故选B。19. 单选题Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and

42、have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption materials through the economy and increased quantities of metals and other substances in use per capita. The history of industrial development abounds with examples.In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on US farms. One hor

43、se or mule was required to support four human beings a ration that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and mule population for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic

44、or technological turn of mind. Had they been “economists”, they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population to be more than 50 million. Had they been “technologists”，they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean tr

45、ansport. They would have recognized further that it would be only a matter of time before steam would be the prime source of power on the farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly.1.According to the passage, what supp

46、lied most of the power on U.S. farms in 1870?2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a consequence of new technological developments?3.It can be inferred from the passage that by 1870（ ）.4.In the second paragraph, the author suggests that “economists” would（ ）.5.What is the author

47、s attitude toward changes brought on by technological innovation?问题1选项A.AnimalsB.HumansC.EnginesD.Water问题2选项A.Older technologies die away.B.The quality of life is improved.C.Overall productivity increasedD.More raw materials become necessary问题3选项A.technology began to be more commercialB.the steam en

48、gine had been inventedC.the U.S. horse population was about 10 millionD.a national commission on agriculture had been established问题4选项A.plan the economy through yearly forecastsB.fail to consider the influence of technological innovationC.value the economic contribution of farm animalsD.consult for

49、the national commission on the economy问题5选项A.He is excited about themB.He accepts them as naturalC.He is disturbed by themD.He questions their usefulness【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on US farms (在1870年，马和骡子是美国农场的主要劳动力),由此可知A

50、项“动物”正确。2.细节事实题。题干问的是:下列哪项不属于作者所述技术革新的结果?第一段指出: Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption materials through the economy (成功的新发明让很多较旧的技术消失，带来了更高的生产力，通过经济发展带来更多数量的消耗材料)。故作者并未提及B项“人的生活质量得到 了改善”。3.判断推理题。第二段指出: .

51、they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport (他们将认识到蒸汽动力已被使用到工业、土地和海洋运输)。由此推测B项“蒸汽引擎已被发明”正确。4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词“economists”定位至第二段: Had they been “economists”，they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population

52、to be more than 50 million (如果他们是经济学家，那么他们会认为到1970年马或骡子的数量要达到5000万),因此选B项“未能考虑到技术革新的影响”。5.观点态度题。由第一段中“Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity(成功的新发明让很多较旧的技术消失,提高了生产力)”和最后一段中“It would have been difficult for them to avoid the c

53、onclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly (他们最后很可能会得出这样的结论:马和骡子的数量会迅速减少)”可知作者对于技术革新带来的改变的态度是“自然地接受了他们”。20. 单选题Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from （ ）on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.问题1选项A.contaminationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.configuration【答案】B【解析】句意:最近科学杂志上的一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化合物主要来自于地球上的组成物质，而非是火星上的细菌。考查形近词辨析。Contamination污染,污染物; constitution宪法,章程,构造,组成物质; condemnation谴责,指责; configuration结构,构造,格局。rather than连接空格跟“bacteria on Mars (火星上的细菌)”,因此空格处应该是 “组成物质”。