2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第86期

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1、2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题to acclaim A as X: to praise A publicly and enthusiastically as X.an anatomist: a medical scientist who cuts open dead bodies to study them to commission X: to order X (to be made or obtained) a corpse: a dead body to disinter: to unbury gynecology: the med

2、ical field dealing with womens diseases a henchman: a supporter or assistant willing to use violence or criminal means leukemia: blood cancer lucrative profitable a midwife: a person trained to help women give birthobese: very fat obstetrics: the medical field that deals with pregnancy and the deliv

3、ery of babies pajamas: light clothes for sleeping in a par: a level a poorhouse: (historical) a public shelter in which jobless poor people were fed in exchange for work a practitioner: someone works actively in (a profession) proximity: nearness a serial killer: someone who murder a number of peopl

4、e in separate incidents Sherlock Holmes: the most famous detective in English literature a spree: a period of wild activity unsavoury: dishonest, untrustworthy and probably involved in crime1. William hunter and William Smellie commissioned a regular supply of corpses so they could study the physica

5、l effects of pregnancy, argues respected historian Don Shelton. These men are giants of medicine, pioneers of the care that women receive during childbirth and were the founding fathers of obstetrics. The names of William hunter and William Smellie still inspire respect among todays doctors, more th

6、an 250 years after they made their contributions to healthcare, Such were the duos reputations as outstanding physicians the clienteles of their private practices included the rich and famous of mid-18th-centruy London.2. But were they also serial killers? New research published in the JOURNAL OF TH

7、E Royal Society of Medicine (JRSM) claims that they were. A detailed historical study accuses the doctors of arranging for the killing of dozens of women, many in the later stages of pregnancy, to dissect their corpses. “Smellie and Hunter were responsible for a series of 18th-century burking murder

8、s of pregnant women, with a death total greater than the combined murders committed by Burke and Hare and Jack the Ripper” writes Shelton. (“Burking” involved murdering people to order, usually for medical research; to avoid trouble with the law, it was important to kill the victims in such a way th

9、at they seemed to have died of natural causes. The verb “to burke” is derived from the name of William Burke, an Irishman convicted in Endinburgh in 1829of killing people so he could sell their bodies for medical experiments.)3. According to Shelton, Hunter and Smellie were between them responsible

10、for the murders of-40 pregnant women and their unborn children. Acting separately, and using henchmen to deliver. Their supply, they organized a killing spree in London between 1749 and 1755and, after a period of inactivity enforced by mounting suspicion about the source of heir corpses, resumed bet

11、ween 1764 and 1774. Motivated by ego, personal rivalry and a shared desire to benefit from being acclaimed as the foremost childbirth doctors of their time, Hunter and Smellie sacrificed life after life in their quests to study pregnancys physical effects and to develop new techniques, the author sa

12、ys. “Although it sounds absolutely incredible, the circumstantial literary evidence suggests they were most likely competing with each other in experimenting with secret caesarean sections on conscious, or freshly murdered, victims, with a view to extracting and reviving the babies,” Shelton told th

13、e Observer.”4. Shelton examined the mens anatomical atlases, containing detailed images ofpregnant women who had been opened up, and medical literature and the causes of death in London at the time. Glasgows Hunterian museum and gallery is named after Scottish-born Hunter, who in 1762 became physici

14、an to Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, He helped her to deliver the future king George IV, Smellie, a fellow Scot, is no less distinguished, From Witchcraft to Wisdom, a textbook on the history of obstetric and gynaecological medicine, hails him as “the greatest obstetrician in the history of Br

15、itish obstetrics”. He has also been called “the father of British midwifery”.5. Shelton, though, regards the duo as on a par with Burke and Hare, who murdered 17 citizens of Edinburgh in 1827 and 1828, selling their remains to a local anatomist, The London of Hunter and Smellies time was unhealthy a

16、nd semi-anarchic, and early death from disease was widespread, as was grave robbing. In his JRSM paper, Shelton claims to prove that the rival doctors could not have obtained their supply of corpses by any other means than murder. It was rare for Mothers-to-be to die or be murdered soon before they

17、were due to give birth, says the historian, People from poorhouses who died were usually old, unwell or children, Thus the grave robbers of the time could not have fulfilled the obstetricians need for such a specific type of female, Concludes Shelton.6. Each used an assistant to commission killers,

18、he says, naming Dr Colin Mackenzie as Smellies accomplice and John Hunter-Williams brother, who was a celebrated anatomistas his helper. Young women from the countryside were apparently favourite targets in a city where plenty of people “disappeared”. “There is great suspicion about the abundance of

19、 undelivered ninthmonth corpses procured, dissected and depicted in the anatomical atlases of Smellie and Hunter,” writes Shelton. “The impossibility of supply from random resurrections, taken with a careful analysis of events, and of 18dl-century medical literature, shows compelling evidence for bu

20、rking,” By 1755 rumours were circulating that the women in Smellies journal had been murdered, and associates began pressing him on their origins. “As a result Smellie and Hunter both halted their research, both presumably fearing trial and execution,” although Hunterwho used his links to powerful f

21、amilies to ensure no investigation was ever undertakenresumed ordering murders, about once a year, in 1764, Shelton adds.7. Anthony Kenny, a gynaecologist in London for 40 years until his retirement in 2007, said: “These two guys are my heroes. The idea that they could have been involved in the murd

22、er of subjects is absolutely staggering.” Kenny is now the curator of the museum of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. “They were the first proper obstetricians in the country because of their pioneering work practicing what was then still a new branch of medicine.” While Kenny d

23、escribes Sheltons paper as “extremely impressive” in its research, he cannot believe that his heroes were guilty of such terrible crimes. The trade in corpses was very lucrative and probably attracted unsavoury, unscrupulous characters, he pointed out.”And it could be that they didnt make proper inq

24、uiries as to the origins of the bodies, and so may not have known that the women were murdered.8. Ludmilla Jordanova, a professor of modem history at Kings College London who specializes in the history of medicine, says Sheltons assertion that Hunter and Smellie could not have come across so many de

25、ad pregnant women from any other source as “a striking claim, important research. is revealing the complexities of anatomical activities in 18thcentury London. This is an exciting and controversial area of historical investigation.” While Shelton acknowledges that the idea of pioneering medical rese

26、archers resorting to burking is shocking. He likes to quote Sherlock Holmes, “When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, is the truth.”1.According to the information in paragraph 2, William Burke （ ）2.According to Don Shelton, pregnant women in 18th century London

27、 （ ）,3.The strongest support for Sheltons thesis comes from（ ） .4.In paragraph6, the word apparently means （ ）.5.What Shelton writes about the pioneering gynecologists Hunter andSmellie （ ）.问题1选项A.was a henchman of Hunter and SmellieB.gave his name to the practice of killing people without leaving a

28、ny signs of murderC.is believed to have killed people for his own medical researchD.made money by killing people to provide bodies for medical research问题2选项A.Generally were not very likely to die in the last month of pregnancyB.Seldom died soon after giving birthC.were a very small part of the overa

29、ll urban populationD.were quite numerous in its many poorhouses问题3选项A.the testimony of contemporary eyewitnessesB.statistics and probabilityC.police records of the timeD.literary reports of the abundant violence and crime in 18th century London问题4选项A.it is obvious thatB.there is no doubt thatC.it ap

30、pears thatD.some people assert that问题5选项A.seems quite persuasive to Anthony KennyB.appalls and horrifies Anthony KennyC.clears them, in Anthony Kennys opinion, of any guilt or blame.D.Seems completely groundless to Anthony Kenny【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段对William Burke进行了解释: an Iris

31、hman convicted in Endinburgh in 1829of killing people so he could sell their bodies for medical experiments(爱尔兰人, 1829年在恩丁堡被判杀人罪-出售尸体进行医学实验)。故选D。2.细节事实题。第五段指出: It was rare for Mothers-to-be to die or be murdered soon before they were due to give birth, says the historian, People from poorhouses who

32、died were usually old, unwell or children(这位历史学家说，母亲在临产前不久死亡或被谋杀是很罕见的，来自贫民区的人通常都是老人、不舒服或孩子)。故选A。3.推理判断题。文章多出提到Sheltons的理论来源。第二段提到JOURNAL OF THE Royal Society of Medicine(皇家医学会杂志),后面又提到medical literature(医学文献)。故选D: 18世纪伦敦大量暴力和犯罪的文学报道。4.词义题。此处句意为: 在一个很多人都“消失”了的城市里，来自农村的年轻妇女显然是最受欢迎的目标。5.推理判断题。第七段: The

33、idea that they could have been involved in the murder of subjects is absolutely staggering(他们可能参与了谋杀目标的说法绝对令人震惊), 后面也表达了他们难以置信的态度。故选B。2. 单选题Finally he lowered his eves in a show of respect and said, That room is reserved for honored guests from rich countries. I was so shocking that I didnt know how

34、 to reply.问题1选项A.lowered his eves inB.a show of respectC.honored guestsD.was so shockingE.没有错误【答案】D【解析】形容词误用。shocking改为shocked。句意:最后，他目光低垂以表尊敬，并且说:那个房间时专门招待富裕国家的尊客。我感到非常震惊,以至于不知道如何回答。shocking 令人震惊的。shocked 感到震惊的。3. 单选题His schedule is jammed with meetings and other sorts of events; I very much doubt

35、that he will have time to attend the annual drama festival on our campus.问题1选项A.jammed with meetingsB.very much doubtC.have time to attendD.on our campusE.没有问题【答案】E【解析】4. 填空题A: Are you going to tell your boss today that youre quitting your（1） ?B: I cant make up my mind（2） to tell him today or not.A:

36、 Id tell him today if I （3）you. Why delay?B: But what if I （4）my mind?A: I （5）that youd made a firm decision.B: Well, yesterday I had a conversation with someone who（6）to work for the company that wants to hire me.（7） to him, theres alot of dissatisfaction among the employees.A: Did he say what the

37、（8）of the dissatisfaction was?B: He mentioned a number of things. Ill stay with my current firm if the alternative is a company with major management problems. Theyre offering me a higher，but is the additional pay enough to make up for a bunch of new（9）headaches?A: It sounds to me as if youd（10）talk

38、 to some（11） current or past employees before you accept the new firmsoffer.大意:A. 你会今天告诉老板，你要离职的事吗？B. 我不确定是否今天告诉他。A. 如果我是你，我会今天告诉他。为什么推迟呢？B. 但是，要是我改变主意了呢？A. 我觉得你己经决定了。B. 昨天，我和一个之前在想雇我的那个公司中工作过的人谈话。据他所说，员工间有很多不满。A. 他有说不满的原因是什么吗？B. 他说了很多事。如果这个公司主要是管理问题的话，我会呆在现在的公司。他们会给我提供更高的薪水，但是，这额外的工资足以弥补一连串新的麻烦吗？A.

39、 这听起来，在接受新工作之前，好像，你最好和现在或者之前的雇员多谈谈。【答案】1.job2.whether3.were4.change5.thought6.used7.According8.cause9.salary10.better11.more【解析】1.词汇题。根据上下文推测此处填job。Quit ones job 辞职。2.固定搭配。Whether or not 是否。3.语法题。考查虚拟语气。根据If以及主句中动词时态 “would/should tell”可知,此处是if引导的虚拟语气。而且,根据today判断,这是对现在的虚拟,故填4.词汇题。句意: 但是，要是我改变主意了呢？5

40、.词汇题。句意:我觉得你已经做好了决定。再根据后面的youd made判断此处为think的过去式thought。6.词汇题。此处为定语从句修饰someone。此处的someone指在这个公司工作或曾经工作过的人,所以此处填used，与后面的to搭配表示 “曾经”。7.固定搭配。According to 根据。8.词汇题。句意: 他有说不满的原因是什么吗？9.词汇题。根据语境推测此处填salary(工资,薪水)。10.固定搭配。Youd better 你最好是。11.词汇题。A希望B能在接受新公司邀请之前和目前或之前的员工谈谈。此句已经完整,因此应填入程度副词，故填more，即多了解情况。5.

41、 填空题When Li San went to the hospital for his （1）health check-up, the doctoronce again advised him to quit smoking and （2）weight. He also told Li to get more（3）and cut down on the （4）of salt in has diet. Li has heard this many times before, but he will probably （5）the advice, （6）he has in the past. I

42、m afraid it will take a heart attack to make him（7） his attitude.【答案】1.regular2.lose3.exercise4.amount5.ignore6.as7.change【解析】1.语义题。regular health check-up 常规健康体检2.固定搭配。Lose weight 减肥。3.语义题。get more exercise 加强锻炼4.语义题。Amount 数量。5.语义题。Ignore the advice忽视意见。6.语义题。As 正如。7.固定搭配。change ones attitude 转变观念

43、。6. 单选题As you can tell from how animated he is. Charles is not tired enough to go to bed yet. He wouldnt sleep if he goes to bed now.问题1选项A.As you canB.how animated he isC.tired enoughD.he goes to bedE.没有问题【答案】D【解析】时态错误。he goes to bed改为were to go to bed,主句和从句部分都是表示与将来事实相反，主句用would/could+动词原形，从句用were

44、 to/should+动词原形。7. 单选题I put mv ear to the object and listened carefully as I first tapped it lightly with a chopstick and then striked it with a hammer; I wanted to find out if it was hollow, preferably without breaking it.问题1选项A.I put mv ear to the objectB.as I first tapped it lightlyC.then striked

45、 it with a hammerD.was hollow, preferablyE.没有问题【答案】C【解析】动词误用。striked 改为knocked。后面提到“without breaking it”,这种程度应该用Knocked合适。8. 单选题1. Twelve months ago, Lululemon Athletica was one of the hottest brands in the world. Sales of its high-priced yoga gear were exploding; the company was expanding into new

46、markets; experts were in awe of its “cult-like following.” As one observer put it, “Theyre more than apparel. Theyre a life style.” But then customers started complaining about pilling fabrics, bleeding dyes and, most memorably, yoga pants so thin that they effectively became transparent when you be

47、nt over. Lululemons founder made things worse by suggesting that some women were too fat to wear the companys clothes. And that was the end of Lululemons charmed existence: the founder stepped down from his management role, and, a few weeks ago, the company said that it had seen sales “decelerate me

48、aningfully.”2. Its a truism of business school thinking that a companys brand is its “most important asset,” more valuable than technology or patents or manufacturing prowess. But brands have never been more fragile. The reason is simple: consumers are supremely well informed and far more likely to

49、investigate the real value of products than to rely on logos. Absolute Value, a new book by Itamar Simonson, a marketing professor at Stanford, and Emanuel Rosen, a former software executive, shows that, historically, the rise of brands was a response to an information-poor environment. When consume

50、rs had to rely on advertisements and their past experience with a company, brands served as proxies for quality; if a car was made by General Motors, or a ketchup by Heinz, people assumed that it was pretty good. It was hard to figure out if a new product from an unfamiliar company was reliable or n

51、ot, so brand loyalty was a way of reducing risk. As recently as the 1980s, nearly four-fifths of American car buyers stayed loyal to a brand.3. Today consumers can read reams of research about whatever they want to buy. Thisstarted back with Consumer Reports, which published objective studies of pro

52、ducts, and with JD Powers quality rankings, which revealed what ordinary customers thought of the cars they had bought. But what has really weakened the power of brands is the internet, which has given ordinary consumers easy access to expert reviews, user reviews and detailed product data, in an ar

53、ray of categories. A recent PricewaterhouseCoopers study found that 80 percent of consumers look at online reviews before making major purchases, and a host of studies have logged the strong influence those reviews have on the decisions people make. The rise of social media has accelerated the trend

54、 to an astonishing degree: a dud product can become a laughingstock in a matter of hours. In the old days you might buy a Sony television set because you had owned one before, or because you trusted the brand. Today such considerations matter much less than reviews on Amazon and Engadget and CNET. A

55、s Simonson told me, “each product now has to prove itself on its own.”4. It has been argued that the welter of information will actually make brands more valuable. As the influential consultancy Interbrand puts it, “In a world where consumers are often overwhelmed with information, the role a brand

56、plays in peoples lives has become all the more important.” But information overload is largely a myth. “Most consumers learn very quickly how to get a great deal of information efficiently and effectively,” Simonson says. Most of us figure out how to find what were looking for without spending huge

57、amounts of time on line. And this has made customer loyalty pretty much a thing of the past. Only 25 percent of American respondents in a recent Ernst & Young study said that brand loyalty affected how they shopped.5. For established brands this is a nightmare. You can never coast on past performanc

58、e the percentage of brand-loyal car buyers has plummeted in the past twenty years and the price premium that a recognized brand can charge has shrunk. If you are making a better product, you can still charge more, but, if your product is much like that of your competitors, your price needs to be sim

59、ilar too. That is the clearest indication that the economic value of brands traditionally assessed by the premium a company could charge is waning. This isnt true across the board: brands retain value where the brand association is integral to the experience of a product (Coca-Cola, say), or where t

60、hey confer status, as with luxury goods. But even here the information deluge is transformative; luxury travel, for instance, has been profoundly affected by websites like TripAdvisor.6. For consumers this is ideal: they are making better choices, and heightened competition has raised quality and he

61、ld down prices. And they are not the only beneficiaries; upstarts now find it easier to compete with the big boys. If you build a better mousetrap, people will soon know about it. A decade ago, personal-computer companies like Asus and Acer had almost no brand identity outside Taiwan. Now they are m

62、ajor players. Roku, a maker of streaming entertainment devices, has thrived even though its products have to compete with similar ones made by Apple (which is usually cited as the worlds most valuable brand). And the Korean carmaker Hyundai has gone from being a joke to selling four million cars a y

63、ear. For much of the 20th century, consumer markets were stable. Today they are tumultuous, and you are only as good as your last product. For brands like Lululemon there is only one consolation: make something really great and your past sins will be forgotten.1.According to text A, which was publis

64、hed recently, within the past year Lululemon Athletica（ ） .2.The best opposite of the verb to decelerate (used in paragraph 1) is to （ ）.3.A companys brand is its “most important asset”(paragraph 2). Text A （ ）.4.American consumers used to be loyal to brands （ ）.5.In paragraph 3, social media are mentioned（ ） .6.Based on the evidence presented in text A,（ ）7.To judge from what he writes, the aut