2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考试题库及模拟押密卷75（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题At midnight, he drove through streets（ ）of traffic.问题1选项A.emptyB.lackingC.lackD.crowded【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。empty of “无，没有”；lack of “缺乏”；crowded with “拥挤，挤满”。句意：午夜时分，他开车穿过空无一人的街道。因此选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Criticism and self-criticism is necessary（ ）it helps us to find and corre

2、ct our mistakes.问题1选项A.by thatB.at thatC.on thatD.in that【答案】D【解析】句意：批评和自我批评是必要的, 因为它有助于我们发现和改正错误。in that为固定搭配, 意为由于, 因为, 在这里引导原因状语从句。所以本题选D。3. 单选题The early pioneers had to （ ）many hardships to settle on the new land.问题1选项A.go along withB.go back onC.go throughD.go into【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。A选项go along wit

3、h “赞同，陪同前往，附合”；B选项go back on “违背，背弃”；C选项go through“经历，通过，经受”；D选项go into“进入,研究”。根据句意“为了在新大陆中定居，早期的拓荒者们需要重重苦难”，C选项“经历”正确。4. 单选题A recurring criticism of the UKs university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Ne

4、twork warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stern cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as universities are keys in the national innovation system.However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint

5、 that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization

6、 activity.When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UKs position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national date, asks the very large vari

7、ation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and mirrored across other economic. In th

8、e UK, research is concentrate; less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource conce

9、ntration have also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to max

10、imize the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.Part of the economic recovery

11、 of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer

12、 offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.1.What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?2.What does the auth

13、or say about the national data on UK universities performance in commercialization?3.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions” refers to （ ）.4.What does the author suggest research-led universities do?5.How can the university sector play a key role in the UKs economic growth?问题1选项A.T

14、hey fail to convert knowledge into money.B.They do not regard it as their responsibility.C.They still have a place among the world leaders.D.They have lost their leading position in many ways.问题2选项A.It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.B.It does not rank UK universities in a scientific

15、 way.C.It does not reflect the differences among universities.D.It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.问题3选项A.government aid to non-research-oriented universitiesB.compulsory cooperation between universities and industriesC.fair distribution of funding for universities and resear

16、ch institutionsD.concentration of resources in a limited number of universities问题4选项A.Publicize their research to win international recognition.B.Fully utilize their research to benefit all sectors of society.C.Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.D.Spread their influence amon

17、g top research institutions.问题5选项A.By establishing more regional technology transfer offices.B.By asking the government to invest in technology transfer researchC.By promoting technology transfer and graduate school education.D.By increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.【答案】第1题:C第2

18、题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.”，可知英国从一个相对较弱的起点，现在在许多商业化活动的指标上处于领先地位。可判断出在作者看来英国大学的商业化在世界上仍然在世界上有一席之地，处于领先地位。因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第四段，“Evidence suggests the UKs position is much stron

19、ger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national date, asks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities.”，可知有证据表明，英国大学的地位比过去要稳定得多，而且仍在改善。但全国数据并没有反映出各所大学存在的巨大差异。因此选项C符合题意。3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段第一句，“the policy interventions of the past decade have helped t

20、ransform the performance of UK universities.”，可知过去10年的政策干预改变了英国大学，然后在下文提及了各个大学存在巨大的差异。第五段主要对这种分配不平均的现象进行了进一步阐述，这种现象不仅发生在英国，也存在于其他国家。又根据文章第五段，“The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration have also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially

21、 active.”，可知政策主导的长期资源集中化也造就了一批独特的大学，它们以研究为主导，并且商业化。可判断出policy interventions就是指资源集中的政策。因此现象D符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第六段，“The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social eco

22、nomic and environmental benefits.”，可知以研究为主导的大学的核心目标必须是最大限度地发挥其研究的影响。这些大学应该为社会、经济和环境各方面带来效益。可判断出这些研究型大学应该充分利用他们的研究成果造福于社会。因此选项B符合题意。5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our gradu

23、ate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.”，可知如果各区域内的技术转移部门更有效的协调，同时加大研究生规模和功能的投资，大学应该能在英国下一轮经济增长中发挥关键作用。可判断出作者认为英国的大学可以通过促进技术转移和投资研究生院教育在经济增长中发挥作用。因此选项C符合题意。5. 单选题He will live （ ） what his parents expect of him.问题1选项A.onB.offC.up to

24、D.to【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配live up to “不辜负，达到”，live on “以为食”；live off “依靠生活”；live to “活到岁”，句子要表达的意思是“他将不会辜负父母对他的期望”，因此选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Young people are not （ ）to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.问题1选项A.conservativeB.contentC.confidentD.generous【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析题。A选项cons

25、ervative “保守的，守旧的”；B选项content “满足，愿意”； C选项confident “自信的，有把握的”；D选项generous “慷慨的”。根据空格后的第二个分句句意他们想要那种能参与其中的艺术可知空格所在句句意是轻人不满足于站在那里观看艺术作品， B选项正确。7. 单选题It is time the nations of the world （ ）a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.问题1选项A.would callB.callC.calledD.will call【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。It is time

26、( that) sb. did sth.意为“是做某事的时候了.”。句意：世界各国是时候停止制造核武器了。所以选项C正确。8. 翻译题Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English.国际足联宣布海外球迷观看7月13日决赛的最低门票价格是440美元（约台币288英镑）。支持者称，他成功的运动生涯以及对2012年伦敦奥运会做出的努力，足以令他拿到这项荣誉。髙尔夫运动己成为2016年奥运会比赛项目，因此，高尔夫运动及该运动的赞助商都将对关天朗寄以厚望，希望他能够进一步促进该运动蓬勃发展。2007年10月28日，足协在北京召开新闻

27、发布会，宣布前法国女足主教练伊丽莎白洛伊塞尔就任中国女足主教练。不过每日邮报此前报道说，穆雷在2013年的新年嘉奖名单上刚刚拿到了大英帝国勋章，以表彰他获得奥运金牌并摘下美网公开赛桂冠，因此他在2014的嘉奖名单上会受到冷落。【答案】FIFA announced that the cheapest ticket for overseas fans for the final on July 13 is $440(about 288 pounds).Supporters said that his successful sports career and his efforts towards

28、the London 2012 Olympics made him qualified to gain this honor.Golf has been included in the 2016 Olympic Games, so golf sports and its sponsors will place high expectations on Guan Tianlang, hoping he will promote the further development of golf.The football association held a news conference in Be

29、ijing and announced that France womens coach Elizabeth Loisel has been appointed as chief coach of Chinese womens football team in Beijing on October 28th, 2007.The Daily Mail reported that Murray was awarded an OBE in the 2013 New Years honours list in recognition of his Olympic gold medal and US O

30、pen Laurel, so would be left out in the 2014 New Years honours list.9. 单选题During the operas most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestras conductor seemed （ ）, without necessary relation to what had gone before.问题1选项A.tediousB.melodiousC.capriciousD.moderation【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。tedious沉闷的，冗长乏味的；m

31、elodious旋律优美的；capricious反复无常的，任性的；moderation适度，节制。句意：在歌剧最著名的咏叹调中，管弦乐队指挥所选择的节奏似乎有些随意，与之前的情况没有必要的联系。选项C更符合语境。10. 单选题The clothes a person wears may express his （ ）or social position.问题1选项A.curiosityB.statusC.determinationD.significance【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析题。A选项curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”;B选项status“地位，身份”;C选项determina

32、tion “决心，果断，坚定”；D选项significance “（尤指对将来有影响的）重要性，意义”。根据表示并列的连词or和后面的名词“social position社会地位”确定B选项正确。11. 单选题But for his poverty, he（）more students living in the poverty stricken areas to go to universities.问题1选项A.has assistedB.would have assistedC.assistD.will assist【答案】B【解析】句意：假如不是因为贫穷，他会资助更多贫困地区的孩子上大

33、学。本题应用虚拟语气，是对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，故B选项正确。12. 单选题The editor-in-chief begs （ ）tomorrows meeting.问题1选项A.to be excused to attendB.to be excused to attendingC.to excuse to attendD.to excuse from attending【答案】A【解析】为了参加明天的会议，主编请求准予离开。固定搭配题。excuse sb. from sth.为固定用法，表示“同意某人不做；免除某人”，根据句意是同意，所以排除因此排除C项和D项。“to attend

34、tomorrows meeting”为不定式短语作目的状语，因此答案选A。13. 单选题The （ ）of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.问题1选项A.manifestationB.implementationC.expeditionD.demonstration【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。manifestation表现，显示；implementation实现，履行；expedition远征；demon

35、stration示范，证明。句意：文化现象的 通常是人们生活习惯中某些物质方面的逻辑结果。选项A更符合语境，所以正确。14. 单选题To visit zoos that simulate the natural habitats of animals （ ）of great interest to zoologists.问题1选项A.areB.beC.wereD.is【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句是不定式做主语，也就是参观动物园这件事为主语，所以谓语动词应该为单数，首先排除选项A和C；句子时态为一般现在时，所以选项D正确。15. 单选题It was very kind

36、of you to get me something for my birthday, but you （ ）me such an expensive present.问题1选项A.didnt need buyingB.neednt buyC.neednt have boughtD.hadnt needed to buy【答案】C【解析】考查语法结构。根据句意可知，这里指其实你没有必要给我买这么贵重的礼物。neednt have done sth. 意为本没必要做某事却做了，所以选项C正确。16. 单选题The government gave a very （ ）explanation of

37、its plan for economic development.问题1选项A.comprehensiveB.compoundC.considerableD.complacent【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。comprehensive综合的，全面的；compound混合的；considerable重要的，相当大的；complacent满足的。句意：政府对其经济发展计划作了非常全面的解释。选项A符合句意。17. 单选题Not until shouted at the top of my voice（ ） his head.问题1选项A.that he turnedB.did he turnC

38、.he didnt turnD.he had turned【答案】B【解析】考查倒装句的用法。Not until 放在句首时使用部分倒装主句倒装，从句不倒装。选项B符合题意。18. 单选题M: Well, what did you think of Mr. Brokaws speech?W: I guess it was OK, but I was often in the dark in more ways than one!Q: What do we learn from the conversation?问题1选项A.The speech was given in the evening

39、.B.The woman didnt quite understand the speech.C.The woman was somewhat in a dark place.D.The woman couldnt hear the speech clearly【答案】B【解析】对话中的“in the dark”的引申含义是女士没有听懂演讲，所以B选项正确。19. 单选题It is well known that when an individual joins a group he tends to accept the groups standards of behavior and th

40、inking. He is expected to behave in accordance with these norms in other words, the group expects him to conform. Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which peoples judgments and opinions can be changed as

41、a result of group pressure.In a typical experiment, the experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group that is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven peopl

42、e who are collaborating with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card, one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say

43、which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. The volunteer sees that the other members of the group unanimously choose a

44、line which is obviously not the same length as the one on the standard card.When it is his turn to answer he is faced with the unanimous opinion of the groupall the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will he do? According to Asch, more than half of the victim

45、s chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they knew the group choice was incorrect but that they yielded to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion.1.Psychol

46、ogists are interested in （ ）.2.In the experiment, who have been told to pick the wrong line?3.In what circumstances do most people yield to pressure?4.The experiments demonstrate that （ ）.5.The best title of this passage would be （ ）.问题1选项A.how far group pressure can influence peoples judgmentsB.how

47、 to make judgments according to everyday experienceC.how to change peoples judgmentsD.the groups standards of social behavior问题2选项A.The victims.B.The volunteer.C.The experimenter.D.The other members.问题3选项A.When the group is separated.B.When the group is unanimous.C.When they know they are the victim

48、s.D.When they are forced to answer questions.问题4选项A.nearly every individual will behave differently from othersB.group pressure is caused by the interference of the psychologists.C.psychologists wish to change the peoples judgments and opinions.D.people will change their ideas under group pressure.问

49、题5选项A.A Typical ExperimentB.Are We Afraid to be DifferentC.The Groups Standards of Behavior and ThinkingD.Dose an Individual Need to Follow a Groups Standards【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which peoples judgments an

50、d opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure.”心理学家特别感兴趣的是，团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。选项A符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据关键词“wrong line”定位到第二段倒数第二句“The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines.”小组的其他成员先回答，但志愿者不知道的是

51、，他们被告知要选错一条线。这里的“they”指的是上句提到的“The other members of the group”，所以选项D正确。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，这个实验中超过一半的被选中的受害者会改变他们的观点。大多数人解释说，他们知道小组的选择是错误的，但他们最终屈服于小组的压力，因为小组的选择是全体一致的。所以选项B正确。4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，这个实验实际上是想证明第一段提出的观点“the extent to which peoples judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group p

52、ressure.”团体的压力究竟会在多大程度上改变人们的判断和观点。最后得出结论，大多数会在团体压力下改变他们的想法。所以选项D符合原文。5.主旨大意题。文章在第一段提出观点“当一个人加入一个群体时，他往往会接受这个群体的行为和思维标准”，后面通过实验来证明这个观点。选项A和C表述太笼统，相对于选项D，选项B“我们害怕与众不同吗?”这个标题更好。20. 单选题The dictator relied on abuse of its opponents （ ）on sounding reasoning.问题1选项A.more thanB.rather thanC.other thanD.better than【答案】B【解析】词组辨析题。more than不仅仅；rather than而不是；other than除了.不同于.；better than超过，好于.。句意：这个独裁者依靠的是辱骂反对者，而不是有力的说服。所以选项B正确。