2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷79（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题I dont smoke now, but I used（ ）when I was young.问题1选项A.toB.to doC.to itD.to doing it【答案】B【解析】句意: 我现在不抽烟了，但是我年轻的时候常常抽烟。固定搭配。used to do 过去常常; be/get used to sth./doing sth. 习惯于。因此B符合句意。2. 单选题The speaker was regarded as a trouble maker because she （ ）the granting

2、of equality to all regardless of race, color or sex.问题1选项A.verifiedB.developedC.adoptedD.advocated【答案】D【解析】句意: 这个发言人被当作是一个制造麻烦的人，因为她鼓吹人人平等的理念一无论种族、肤色或者性别。动词辨析。Verified 核实，证实; developed发展; adopted采用; advocated鼓吹某种道德、理念或者思想。根据题目空白处后面所接的宾语“人人平等的理念”可以推断出答案为D。3. 单选题Just how much does the Constitution pro

3、tect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assu

4、mptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the impl

5、ications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updatedguidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to, say, go

6、ing through a suspects purse. The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestees reading history,

7、 financial history, medical history, and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel ap

8、plications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Ken; a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new persona

9、l domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.1.The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to （ ）.2.The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one of（ ）.3.The author believes that exploring

10、 ones phone content is comparable to（ ）.4.In Paragraph 5, the author shows his concern that（ ）.5.Orin Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate tha（ ）.问题1选项A.search for suspects mobile phones without a warrantB.check suspects5 phone contents without being authorizedC.prevent suspects from deleting thei

11、r phone contentsD.prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones问题2选项A.toleranceB.indifferenceC.disapprovalD.cautiousness问题3选项A.getting into ones residenceB.handing ones historical recordsC.scanning ones correspondencesD.going through ones wallet问题4选项A.principles are hard to be clearly expressedB.

12、the court is giving police less room for actionC.phones are used to store sensitive informationD.citizens privacy is not effectively protected问题5选项A.The Constitution should be implemented flexiblyB.New technology requires reinterpretation of the ConstitutionC.Californias argument violates principles

13、 of the ConstitutionD.Principles of the Constitution should never be altere【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest (美国最高法院现在将会

14、考虑警察在没有搜查证的情况下是否可以对被逮捕人员手边的手机内容进行搜查)，由此可知B项“在没有授权的情况下检查嫌疑犯的手机内容”正确。2.观点态度题。第四段指出: They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to, say, going through a suspects purse (他们（即法官们）应该从抛弃加州站不住脚的论点（

15、即例如仔细查阅有着大量数字信息的智能手机内容与仔细检查嫌疑犯的钱包类似）开始)，由此可推知作者对加州论点是不赞成的，故C项正确。3.细节事实题。由题干关键词exploring ones phone content定位至第四段中: But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home (但是仔细查阅一个人的手机更像进入他或她的住宅) 。因此A项“进入 个人的住宅”正确。4.判断推理题。第五段指出: New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applicat

16、ions of the Constitutions protections (颠覆性的新技术有时要求宪法保护的新应用) 。.they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.(现在他们应该解决第四条修正案如何适用于数字信息)。因此D项 “公民的隐私没有有效地被保护”正确。5.判断推理题。第五段指出: New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protection

17、s (颠覆性的新技术有时要求宪法保护的新应用), 由此可推知B项“新技 术要求重新解释宪法”正确。4. 单选题The criminal always paid（ ）cash so the police could not track him down.问题1选项A.onB.byC.forD.in【答案】D【解析】句意: 罪犯通常用现金支付，这样警察就没法逮捕到他。固定搭配。pay in cash 为固定用法, 表示 “用现金支付”。5. 单选题Most charismatic （有魅力的）leaders make extensive use of anecdotes （趣闻轶事）. Messa

18、ge-sending anecdotes relate to such subjects as a company president going out of his way to help an individual customer, or a lower-ranking employee who defied higher authority in order to meet her job responsibilities. In the latter instance, a receptionist at IBM denied admission to the company ch

19、airman, Tom Watson, because he was not wearing a security badge. Instead of firing the young woman, Watson praised her devotion to duty.Several years ago, the Ford Motor Company announced far-reaching changes that would affect how cars were manufactured and how employees would work together. A senio

20、r Ford executive was chosen to deliver the closing remarks to a group of 300 Ford managers gathered to learn about the changes.Toward the close of the speech, the executive told a story about Willie B., a gorilla who lived for twenty-seven years in isolation in a dreary Atlanta zoo. He said that he

21、had raised money for a state-of-the-art gorilla habitat. Willie B., for the first time in his life, would now live in a gorilla-friendly, close-to-nature environment. Yet somehow, Willie B. was slow to adapt to his new environment.It took the gorilla several days to fully explore his new habitat. A

22、photographer caught the moment when Willie B. tested the grass with a toe. The Ford executive hangs a framed photograph of this incident in his office. “Its there,” he said, “to remind me that no matter how attractive the new surroundings might appear, it takes time and courage to leave the comforta

23、ble security of a placeeven an ugly cramped （狭窄的）space-that you know well.”At the moment the meeting ended, meeting participants came over to the speaker to express how much the speech had touched them. The story about the gorilla brought tears to the eyes of many. Of significance to the organizatio

24、n, many probably left the conference with an understanding of how difficult the coining changes were going to be for employees.Becoming an effective storyteller requires practice. However, the skill is well worth developing because of its contribution to a persons magnetism and leadership ability. C

25、reate a useful anecdote file of your own. Collect anecdotes about things you observe personally, those you hear from others, and those you read in books, magazines, and newsletters. Anecdotes can also be found in books and newsletters about speech making. Attempt to screen out those anecdotes that a

26、re widely used because stale anecdotes bore audiences.1.Why did Tom Watson praise the female employee in the second example cited in the first paragraph?2.The life of Willie B. used to be （ ）.3.The story of Willie B. shows that（ ）.4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

27、5.We can safely conclude from the passage that the Ford senior executive（ ）.问题1选项A.Because she always receives the company chairman warmly.B.Because she defied, lower-ranking employees.C.Because she was a responsible employee.D.Because she never forgets to wear a security badge.问题2选项A.interestingB.m

28、ore comfortableC.close to natureD.isolated问题3选项A.it takes time and courage to face and adapt to a new environmentB.animals are quite reluctant to change their habitatsC.Willie B. likes to test grass with one toeD.people are always ready to meet the difficulties resulting from changes问题4选项A.Many a ch

29、arismatic leader tends to make the most of anecdotes and stories.B.It is always a good idea to collect anecdotes that are widely used.C.Personal magnetism is built up by reading books, magazines and newsletters.D.To become an effective story-teller one has only to create a useful anecdote file.问题5选项

30、A.was an effective leader who always told stories to his employeesB.was a person who often cited widely-used anecdotes to influence othersC.was able to help meeting participants understand the coming changes betterD.always used anecdotes to help employees understand company policies【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题

31、:A第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段第二句指出: .a lower-ranking employee who defied higher authority in order to meet her job responsibilities (一个低职位员工违抗高级别领导，是为了履行其工作职贵), 由此可知答案选C “因为她是一个有责任心的员工”。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: .a gorilla who lived for twenty-seven years in isolation in a dreary Atlanta zoo (在亚特兰大一个被隔离且沉闷的动物园内生

32、活27年的大猩猩), 可知D项 “隔离的”正确。3.判断推理题。第四段: no matter how attractive the new surroundings might appear, it takes time and courage to leave the comfortable security of a place (无论新环境多么有吸引力，都得花时间，且需要勇气离开舒适安全的地方)。由此可知选A项 “面对与适应新的环境是花时间且需要勇气的”。4.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句 Most charismatic leaders make extensive use of ane

33、cdotes (大部分有魅力的领导人都懂得充分利用轶事)推断A项 “许多有魅力的领导会充分利用各类奇闻轶事与故事”正确。根据文章最后一句话 Attempt to screen out those anecdotes that are widely used because stale anecdotes bore audiences (尽量排除那些被广泛引用的轶事，因为它们会让听众感到乏味)推断B “收集被广泛运用的轶事是一个很不错的主意”与原文不符。根据文章最后一段的the skill is well worth developing because of its contribution

34、to a persons magnetism and leadership ability (这项技能是非常值得学习的，因为它能帮助打造个人魅力和领导才能)推断C项 “通过阅读书籍、杂 志和时事新闻，可以打造个人魅力”与原文不符。文章并没有说要想成为一个高效的讲故事者，只需制作一个有用的奇闻轶事记录册。故D项没有根据。因此选A。5.判断推理题。第二段指出: many probably left the conference with an understanding of how difficult the coming changes were going to be for employe

35、es (在离会时很多人可能都了解了接下来的改变对员工来说意味着多大的困难), 因此C项 “能够帮助与会人员更好理解即将到来的变化”正确。而A项“是个高效率的领导，且习惯于向员工讲故事”和B项“是个经常喜欢引经据典影响他人的人”在原文中并没有体现。D项“习惯于引经据典帮助员工理解公司政策的人”, 文章中也找不到根据。6. 单选题（ ） you come yesterday, you would have seen him.问题1选项A.HadB.ifC.whenD.should【答案】A【解析】句意: 如果你昨天来了，就可以见到他了。语法题。考查虚拟语气。此句是对过去的虚拟,从句要用过去完成时。

36、Had you come yesterday =if you had come yesterday。7. 单选题This traditional entertainment for children in America has never, （ ）I know, become popular in China.问题1选项A.as far asB.as muchC.to the extent thatD.so long as【答案】A【解析】句意:据我所知，美国小孩的这种传统娱乐方式在中国并不流行。固定搭配。as far as I know 据我所知。8. 单选题Nothing in the

37、history of modem astronomy has excited as much speculation as the object, or event, known as a black hole. Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists. They are one of the more exotic manifestations of the theory

38、 of general relativity, and their fascination lies in the way their tremendous gravity affects nearby space and time.A black hole is very simple in structure: it has a surface the event horizon and a center the singularity. Everything else is gravity. The standard model for the formation of a black

39、hole involves the collapse of a lager star. The imaginary spherical surface surrounding the collapsed star is the event horizon an artificial boundary in pace that marks a point of no return. Outside the event horizon, gravity is strong but finite, and it is possible for objects to break free of its

40、 pull. However, once within the event horizon, an object would need to travel faster than light to escape.For extremely massive stars, the exclusion principle the resistance between the macular particle within the star as they are compressed 一 will not be strong enough to offset the gravity generate

41、d by the stars own mass. The stars increasing density will overwhelm the exclusion principle. What follows is runaway gravitational collapse. With no internal force to stop it, the star will simply continue to collapse in on itself. Once a collapsing star has contracted through its event horizon, no

42、thing can stop it from collapsing further until its entire mass is crushed down to a single point a point of infinite density and zero volume-toe singularity.The star now disappears from the perceivable universe, like a cartoon character that jumps in to a hole and pulls the hole in after him. What

43、this process leaves behind is a deterrent kind of hole a profound disturbance in space-time, a region where gravity is, so intense that nothing can escape from it. Any object falling within the boundary of a black hole has no choice but to move inward toward the singularity and disappear from our un

44、iverse forever. Moreover, a black hole can never be plugged up or filled in with matter: the more matter that is pound into a black hole the bigger it gets.A What would happen to objects, such as astronauts, as they vanished into a black hole? B Physicists have been amusing themselves with this ques

45、tion for years, and most believe that the intense gravitational forces would rip apart the astronauts long before they were crushed at the singularity. C Theoretically, any astronauts who mortgaged to survive the passage would encounter some very strange things. D For instance, they would experience

46、 acute time distortion, which would enable them to know, in a few brief seconds, the entire future of the universe.Inside a black hole, space arid time are so warped that the distance from the event horizon to the singularity is not a distance in space in the normal sense what we can measure in kilo

47、meters. Instead, it becomes a distance in time. The time it takes to reach the singularity from the event horizon as measured by someone falling in is proportional to the mass of the black hole.The only way what astronauts would know whether they had crossed the event horizon would be if tried to ha

48、lt their fall and climb out again by firing their engines enough to push themselves back from the center of the hole. However, because of the time warp, if the astronauts tried to do this, they would reach the singularity faster than if they had left their engines off. Moreover, since they could get

49、 no farther once they reached the singularity, this point would mark the end of time itself.1.The word fodder in paragraph I is closest in meaning to （ ）.2.The opposing force between the molecular particles inside a star is called（ ）.3.Why does the author mention a cartoon character in paragraph 4?4

50、.Astronaut who fell into a black hole would probably experience all of the following EXCEPT（ ）.5.The phrase “this point” in paragraph seven refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.materialB.stonesC.supportD.problems问题2选项A.general relativityB.the exclusion principleC.infinite densityD.the singularity问题3选项A.To illustrate

51、 the complete disappearance or a collapsing starB.To warn of the danger of being sucked in to a black holeC.To point out a humorous phenomenon in astrophysicsD.To announce the creation of a cartoon about black holes问题4选项A.distortion of space and timeB.knowledge of the universeC.strong gravitational

52、forcesD.traveling faster than light问题5选项A.the event horizonB.firing their enginesC.the time warpD.the singularity【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。Fodder所在句为: Black holes have provided endless imaginative fodder for science fiction writers and endless theoretical fodder for astrophysicists (黑洞为

53、科幻小说家提供了无穷无尽的想象素材，也为天体物理学家提供了无尽的理论素材)。其中fodder 词作provide的宾语并且既可以被imaginative修饰也可以被 theoretical修饰，因此A项 “材料,素材”意思最为接近。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: the exclusion principle the resistance between the macular particle within the star as they are compressed will not be strong enough to offset the gravity generated by t

54、he stars own mass (排他原理恒星内的黄斑粒子在被压缩时的阻力将不足以抵消恒星自身质量产生的引力)。因此题干 “恒星内部分子粒子间的反作用力”就是排他原理。3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至第四段: The star now disappears from the perceivable universe, like a cartoon character that jumps in to a hole and pulls the hole in after him (这行星从我们的宇宙消失了，就像是一个跳进洞里然后消失在洞里的卡通人物)。由此可知cartoon character

55、 的例子是为了形象说明行星消失的过程，选项A “为了举例说明行星的消失或坍缩”正确。4.细节事实题。关于进入黑洞中的宇航员会经历什么的设想主要集中在文章第五段: the intense gravitational forces would rip apart the astronauts long before they were crushed at the singularity (在宇航员还没到奇点之前就己经被强大的引力撕碎了), 故C“强大的引力”表述正确。they would experience acute time distortion, which would enable t

56、hem to know, in a few brief seconds, the entire future of the universe (他们会经历严重的时间畸变，这会使他们在短短几秒之内了解整个宇宙的未来), 故选项A “畸变的时间和空间”和B“宇宙的知识”表述正确。而D “比光速还快”不属于进入黑洞中的宇航员会经历的事件设想， 故答案为D。5.语义题。this point所在句为: Moreover, since they could get no farther once they reached the singularity, this point would mark the

57、 end of time itself (而且, 由于当到达奇点后他们就不能继续往前了，这个点将标志着时间的完结)。因此this point指the singularity(奇点)。9. 单选题Henrys close to （ ）his brother made people mistake them for one another.问题1选项A.resemblanceB.identityC.appearanceD.relationship【答案】A【解析】句意: 麦克和弟弟长得十分相像，因此人们常常把他们俩认错。名词辨析。Resemblance相似,后面可接介词to; identity 身

58、份; appearance外貌; relationship 关系。因此排除B ,D。另外,没有 “appearance to”的用法, 故选A。10. 单选题It is absolutely essential that William （ ）his study in spite of some learning difficulties.问题1选项A.will continueB.continuedC.continueD.continues【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管有着一些学习困难，但是威廉却完全有必要继续自己的学习。语法题。考查虚拟语气。Its+形容词（essential, necess

59、ary, important等）+从句（谓语是should do,其中should可以省略）。由句中关键词“It is absolutely essential that完全有必要”可知C项“continue”正确。11. 单选题“You （ ）borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend问题1选项A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can【答案】A【解析】句意: 我对我的朋友说“假如你好好保管，你就可以借用我的笔记。”。语法题。考查情态动词。由句中关键词“borrow my notes用我的笔记”

60、与“provided you take care of them假如你照顾他们”的对应知这里表示一种“现实可能性”，故A “could”正确。此外，虽然“can”也可用来表示现在的可能性，但是它一般用在问句或否定句中。should “应该”；must “必须；一定”。12. 单选题Operations which left patients （ ）and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.问题1选项A.exhaustedB.unhealthyC.ups

61、etD.fearful【答案】A【解析】句意: 以前，病人手术后精疲力竭，需长时间才能恢复，现在的手术却让他们感到轻松和舒适。形容词辨析。Exhausted精疲力竭的; unhealthy不健康的; upset苦恼的; fearful担心的，可怕的。因此A符合句意。13. 单选题He would have finished his college education, but he （ ）to quit and find a job to support his family.问题1选项A.had hadB.hasC.hadD.would have【答案】C【解析】句意: 他本来会完成自己的大

62、学教育，但是他却不得不放弃，然后找一份工作来养家。语法题考查一般过去吋态。由句中关键词“would have finished本来会完成”表示对过去事情的假设,因此这里表示对过去情况的描述，故C项“had （其为动词have 的过去时态）”正确。14. 单选题He spoke so （ ）that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.问题1选项A.bluntlyB.convincinglyC.emphaticallyD.determinedly【答案】B【解析】句意: 他讲话非常有说服力以至于连他的对手都被他的论点说服了。副词辨析。Bluntly 直率地; convincingly有说服力地; emphatically强调地; determinedly坚定地。根据后面句意 “以至于连他的对手都被他的论点说服了”判断B符合句意。15. 单选题Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people （ ）harm them.问题1选项A.more than