2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第50期

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1、2022年考博英语-天津师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Early in the 1900s, the use of trucks to hand commercial（ ）developed almost simultaneously with the first widespread use of the automobile.问题1选项A.vehiclesB.equipmentC.workersD.merchandise【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。vehicle意为“车辆”；equipment意为“设备，装备”；worker意为“工 人，员工”；merchand

2、ise意为“商品，货品”。句意：20世纪初，运送商品的卡车基本上是和广泛使用的汽车一同发展的。2. 单选题Women bosses are viewed as less qualified and capable than their male （ ）according to a study.问题1选项A.equivalentsB.counterpartsC.peersD.substitutes【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“同等物”；counterpart意为“职位(或作用)相当的人”；peer意为“同龄人”；substitute意为“替代物”。句意：根据一项研究，

3、女性老板被认为不如男性老板合格、有能力。3. 单选题Do you know what a resolution is? its a promise. Most promises are made（1）other people(Mom, I promise Ill tidy my room when I get back from the beach). （2）resolutions are promises that you make to yourself. And New years resolutions are resolutions that people make at the b

4、eginning of the year in the（3）that they will improve their lives. Some people write down their resolutions to remember them. But（4）the resolution is important enough, you（5） have to write it down to remember it.There are different kinds of resolutions. Some relate to（6）health such as starting a work

5、out program or（7）the amount of junk food that you eat. Many have to do with self improvement, such as（8）a hobby live painting or photography, or learning a musical instrument. Then there are resolutions that have to do with being better organized. （9）here might include using a weekly planner or orga

6、nizing your school notes into folder.Despite these differences, there is one thing that most resolutions have（10）. People hardly ever keep them. The resolutions are too difficult to keep. For people simply forget. For this reason, some people argue that the best resolution is simply not to make any

7、resolutions!问题1选项A.forB.byC.toD.with问题2选项A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.LikewiseD.Incidentally问题3选项A.resolveB.assumptionC.pledgeD.hope问题4选项A.asB.ifC.thoughD.because问题5选项A.shouldntB.couldntC.mustntD.wouldnt问题6选项A.normalB.mentalC.publicD.physical问题7选项A.determiningB.increasingC.limitingD.retaining问题8选项A.taki

8、ng upB.giving upC.holding downD.laying do问题9选项A.ExceptionsB.ExamplesC.SamplesD.Variations问题10选项A.in conclusionB.in diversityC.in commonD.in favor【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:B第10题:C【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。make promise to意为“对许下承诺”。第2题:考查副词辨析。however意为“然而”，表转折关系，常作插入语；nevertheless意为“然而，不过”，表

9、示尽管作出完全让步，也不会发生任何影响；likewise意为“同样地”；incidentally意为“顺便”。第3题:考查上下文语义。由后面they will improve their live可知新年决心表达的是一种美好的愿望，一种希望，因此选D。第4题:考查上下文语义。由前面的“有些人写下了他们的决心来记住他们”，此处表示转折关系，因此填though（虽然，尽管）。第5题:考查上下文语义。此处表示尽管决心很重要，但你不必一定要把它写下来，因此填mustnt（不必）。第6题:考查上下文语义。由such as starting a workout program（锻炼计划）or _ the

10、amount of junk food that you eat可知与身体有关，因此填physical，physical health意为“身体健康”。第7题:考查上下文语义。or表示并列关系，由前面的“开始锻炼计划”可知此表示“限制垃圾食品”，因此填limiting。第8题:考查上下文语义。由前面Many have to do with self improvement（许多人必须自我改进）可推测此处表示开始一个新的爱好，因此填taking up（开始，从事）。第9题:考查上下文语义。由后面的using a weekly planner or organizing your school n

11、otes into folder可知这里是举例说明，因此填examples（例子）。第10题:考查上下文语义。由前面的Despite these differences（尽管有这些差异），但有一个大部分决心是相同的，因此填in common（共有的，相同的）。4. 单选题Teaching children to be （ ）in both technology and basic skills like writing by hand is a balancing act that is as much a task for parents as for teachers.问题1选项A.pro

12、ficientB.adeptC.capableD.suitable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。proficient意为“精通的，熟练的”，be proficient in意为“精通于，熟练掌握”；adept意为“擅长于的”，一般指有技巧的事情；capable意为“有能力的”，常与of连用；suitable意为“合适的”，常用for连用。句意：教孩子们熟练掌握技术和基本技能，比如手写，是一种平衡行为，对家长和教师来说都是一项任务。5. 单选题The waters were rising about the rock and would soon（ ）it.问题1选项A.floodB.sub

13、mergeC.underrateD.yield【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。flood意为“淹没，泛滥”，指淹没大片区域；submerge意为“浸没，淹没”，指淹没某个物体；underrate意为“过低评价，低估”；yield意为“屈服，投降”。句意：水在岩石周围上升，很快就会淹没它。6. 单选题Maths and science certainly underpin many innovations. Indeed, they are the basis for much of modern society, from the gadgets people use to the ways

14、in which people interact with one another and the way in which they think. So close is the relationship that politicians seeking to persuade voters that they are promoting economic growth use science and innovation almost interchangeably. But laudable as it is in its own right, does promoting maths

15、and science represent the best way to stimulate future innovation?Chris Budd, an applied mathematician at Bath University in Britain, points to the mathematical foundations of the commercial world: the internet, computers, mobile phones, modern medicine and even transport systems. These employ branc

16、hes of mathematics that were considered obscure until recently but have found applications in areas such as building search engines, he argues. It is difficult to predict which new scientific advance will generate new economic activity but science nevertheless boosts productivity. And as governments

17、 have sought to promote business, they have encouraged universities to establish spin-off companies and to build partnerships with other fledgling organizations seeking to develop new products and new processes, which has helped to generate wealth.That may all be true, but it is not sufficient, says

18、 Chris Trimble, who co-wrote The Other Side of Innovation: Solving the Execution Challenge with Vijay Govindarajan, both of whom conduct research into innovation at Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College in America. Of course maths and science can stimulate future innovation, but promoting the

19、se disciplines is not necessarily the best way of bringing about change. He cites targeted incentives, public and private spending andmost importantly, in his viewbetter management as more powerful alternatives. It is management education not technical education that is lacking, he argues. There is

20、a surfeit of bright ideas but not enough wherewithal to implement them.Yet the ability to create wealth not only depends on using tools that were scientifically designed; it also requires people to think both creatively and in cold, calculating ways. To misquote Thomas Edison, innovation is 1% inspi

21、ration and 99% perspiration. Time then, mentally, to roll up your sleeves.1.From the first paragraph, we may know that many innovations （ ）.2.The world “laudable” in Para. 1 probably meant（ ）.3.“It” in Para. 1 (the last sentence) may refer to（ ）.4.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about

22、Chris Budd?5.To Chris Trimble, education of maths and science（ ）.问题1选项A.are engendered by maths and scienceB.bring convenient life to modern peopleC.count most for politicians to gain votesD.lead directly to world economic growth问题2选项A.understandableB.praiseworthyC.believableD.feasible问题3选项A.modern

23、societyB.promotion of economyC.science and innovationD.importance of maths and science问题4选项A.He works in a British university as an applied mathematician.B.He firmly believes that mathematics will generate new economic activity.C.He may think that it is logical to expect innovations to come out of u

24、niversities.D.He argues for the promotion of maths and science to foster future innovations.问题5选项A.proves sufficient to stimulate future innovationB.means little compared with targeted incentivesC.is less important than management educationD.serves as the underpinning of economic productivity【答案】第1题

25、:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Maths and science certainly underpin many innovations. Indeed, they are the basis for much of modern society, from the gadgets people use to the ways in which people interact with one another and the way in which they think.（数学和科学无疑是许多创新的基础。事实上，它们是现代社会的基础，从

26、人们使用的小工具到人们相互交流和思考的方式）可知A选项“由数学和科学产生”符合题意。第2题:词义题。understandable意为“能懂的，可理解的”；praiseworthy意为“值得称赞的，值得表扬的”；believable意为“可信的”；feasible意为“可行的”。由But laudable as it is in its own right（数学和科学对于创新很重要，尽管这值得称赞）可知选B。第3题:词义题。文章第一段开篇就提出数学和科学支撑着很多创新，它们是现代社会的基础，因此可以推测主要是讲述数学与科学的重要性，故选D。第4题:推理判断题。根据题干关键此词Chris Budd

27、定位至文章第二段，由It is difficult to predict which new scientific advance will generate new economic activity but science nevertheless boosts productivity.（很难预测哪一项新的科学进步会产生新的经济活动，但科学却能提高生产力）可知B选项“他坚信数学将产生新的经济活动”表述过于绝对，不符合原句表达的含义。第5题:观点态度题。根据题干关键词Chris Trimble定位至文章第三段，由Of course maths and science can stimula

28、te future innovation, but promoting these disciplines is not necessarily the best way of bringing about change. He cites targeted incentives, public and private spending andmost importantly, in his viewbetter management as more powerful alternatives. It is management education not technical educatio

29、n that is lacking, he argues.（当然，数学和科学可以刺激未来的创新，但推广这些学科并不一定是带来变革的最佳方式。他列举了有针对性的公共和私人激励措施。在他看来，支出最重要的是更好的管理是更有力的替代方案。他认为，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技术教育）可知选C。7. 单选题The government has a big role to play in creating laws that protects earths natural water resources from total destruction and （ ）information to the pub

30、lic with ways and means to conserve water.问题1选项A.dispersingB.annotatingC.announcingD.disseminating【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。disperse意为“（使）分散，驱散”；annotate意为“注解，注释”；announce意为“宣布，宣告”；disseminate意为“散布，传播”。句意：政府在制定保护地球自然水资源免遭全面破坏的法律方面发挥着重要作用，通过各种方法向公众宣传信息提倡节约用水。8. 单选题To be rooted is perhaps the most important and

31、 least recognized need of the human soul. Simone Weil argued in the mid-twentieth century. Even our virtual playgrounds pay homage to the deeply felt need for place: MySpace was, until recently, called “a place for friends; Second Life mimics real-life places with its homes, offices, and restaurants

32、. What is different about mobile playgrounds is that mobile devices force real life and virtual life (and real places and virtual places) to try to coexist in a way they never have before.We want to see this as a good, enabling thingI can fire off that e-mail to the office and then get back to relax

33、ing on my vacation!but it is instructive to go to a playground today: even on a weekend, you will see parents engrossed in their iPhones and BlackBerrys while their children make increasingly loud bids for their attention. The November 2, 2009 cover of The New Yorker sadly and beautifully satirized

34、this trend: it shows an illustration of children out trick-or-treating, basked in the glow of houselights, while their parents bask in the glow of the smart-phone in which they are rapt. Even our leisure time, it seems, has been colonized by our need to stay connected and it is a constant struggle t

35、o set limits on our engagement with the virtual world so that we can attend to the real one in front of us.And when we decide to leave home entirely, we find it difficult to leave the demands of work behind. Consider the cruise ship industry: every year, more than three million people board a Carniv

36、al Cruise ship to take a vacation. They spend a great deal of time eating and gambling, and then eating some more. The perpetual buffets that have long been a staple of the cruise ship lifestyle cater to one kind of hunger; Carnival now caters to another one that seems counterintuitive in vacationer

37、s eager to get away from it all: staying connected. With their twenty-four-hour Internet cafes, onboard WiFi, and an advertising campaign that features bikini-clad patrons lounging on deck chairs with laptop computers, Carnival Cruise Lines has enthusiastically responded to the demands of patrons wh

38、o seek an ideal of maritime escape but still want to check their e-mail several times a day.This, too, is the strange new world of leisure: never disconnected, and never really free from the demands of daily life. Notwithstanding all the talk of mobility, we find ourselves tethered in novel waysnot

39、to a hometown, or to a particular social background, but to our devices themselves and the feeling of connection they provide, which we seemingly cannot sit still without.1.According to the first paragraph, what can we learn about MySpace and Second Life?2.When saying it is instructive to go to a pl

40、ayground today, the author means that （ ）.3.The following statements are TRUE except（ ）.4.The word tethered in the last paragraph probably means（ ）.5.This passage is intended to （ ）.问题1选项A.They function as real life venues for entertainment.B.They deserve credit for reflecting the human soul.C.As vi

41、rtual playgrounds, they resemble reality in terms of place.D.Through mobile devices, they represent engagement with society.问题2选项A.smart phones are the culprit for the poor relations between parents and childrenB.responsible parents are supposed to engage their children with outdoor activitiesC.play

42、grounds are the places for parents and children to spend time togetherD.peoples indulgence in staying connected can be witnessed there问题3选项A.people vacationing on Carnival Cruise ships have access to the Internet todayB.eating and gambling are the exclusive things people can enjoy on cruise shipsC.C

43、arnival Cruise Lines cater to vacationers demands to stay in contact with othersD.peoples desire to remain connected makes it difficult for them to escape from work问题4选项A.confinedB.disconnectedC.immuneD.indifferent问题5选项A.analyze the various reasons for humans to settle downB.advocate the necessity o

44、f virtual connection in leisure timeC.enumerate the enormous benefits of mobile devices for work and lifeD.highlight the transformation of mobility through ubiquitous connection【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Even our virtual playgrounds pay homage to the deeply felt need for place

45、: MySpace was, until recently, called “a place for friends”; Second Life mimics real-life places with its homes, offices, and restaurants.（即使是我们的虚拟游戏场地，也会对对位置的深刻需求表示敬意：MySpace直到最近才被称为“朋友的地方”；Second Life模仿现实生活中的地方，有它自己的家、办公室和餐馆）可知选C。第2题:推理判断题。由文章第二段Even our leisure time, it seems, has been colonized

46、by our need to stay connected and it is a constant struggle to set limits on our engagement with the virtual world so that we can attend to the real one in front of us.（就连我们的闲暇时间，似乎也被我们保持联系的需要所占据，这是一个不断的斗争，以限制我们与虚拟世界的接触，以便我们能够处理我们面前的真实世界）可推测作者认为人们太沉溺于虚拟世界，而忽略现实世界，因此提出如今去操场是很有教育意义的，故选D。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第

47、三段中They spend a great deal of time eating and gambling, and then eating some more. The perpetual buffets that have long been a staple of the cruise ship lifestyle cater to one kind of hunger; Carnival now caters to another one that seems counterintuitive in vacationers eager to get away from it all:

48、 staying connected. 可知B选项是人们过去在游轮上的主要消遣方式，不再适合如今的需求。第4题:词义题。confine意为“限制”；disconnect意为“切断”；immune意为“免疫的”；indifferent意为“漠不关心的”。由we find ourselves tethered in novel ways（我们发现自己被新的方式束缚住了）可知选A。第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了移动设备让人们时刻保持联系以及对生活的影响，强调无处不在的联系带来的影响，因此选D。9. 单选题There is concern that police use the law to（ ）

49、assets from people who have committed minor offences.问题1选项A.confiscateB.offsetC.submitD.intensify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。confiscate意为“没收”；offset意为“抵消”；submit意为“顺从”；intensity意为“加强，增强”。句意：有人担心警察利用法律从轻微犯罪分子那里没收财产。10. 单选题A great amount of work has gone into （ ）the Cathedral to its previous splendor.问题1选项A.refre

50、shingB.restoringC.renovatingD.renewing【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。refreshing意为“使恢复精神，提醒”；restoring意为“修复，整修”，强调恢复原貌，一般指被毁坏的艺术品或建筑物；renovating意为“翻新，修复”，一般整修旧建筑物；renewing意为“重新开始，重申”。句意：大量的工作已投入恢复大教堂以前的辉煌。11. 单选题Many in the business world accept that the success of a commercial venture heavily dependent on the peop

51、le working within it. People are（1）make a business successful, whether it is the lowest paid employees within the organization or（2）management. Engaged employees are usually happy employees who are more（3）as they have a natural and genuine interest in the（4）of the organization.Staff becomes engaged

52、because of a number of issues and it is essential that business owners and managers（5）these emotions. However, the first part of ensuring that people are connected with a common goal is to get recruitment（6）. Recruiting should include a number of questions（7）at getting an understanding of a persons

53、motivations and desires. Once recruited, communication is key to ensuring that levels of engagement do not wane. For instance, change is often（8）with workers. However they are far more likely to（9）into change when the reasons for it and the potential benefits are clearly laid out.Instilling a sense

54、of pride and passion in a brand, product or ethos is vital in（10）engaged employees. If people enjoy what they do and feel empowered to shape the direction of a company, they are far more likely to produce better results and work to the best of their ability.问题1选项A.whoB.howC.thatD.what问题2选项A.seniorB.

55、chiefC.highD.tall问题3选项A.productiveB.effectiveC.validD.available问题4选项A.estatesB.assetsC.fortunesD.possessions问题5选项A.applyB.utilizeC.executeD.hire问题6选项A.wellB.overC.rightD.up问题7选项A.aimedB.focusedC.intendedD.engaged问题8选项A.addictiveB.unpopularC.satisfyingD.rewarding问题9选项A.shiftB.fallC.buyD.revolve问题10选项

56、A.bearingB.raisingC.feedingD.delivering【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B【解析】第1题:考查连词。分析句子结构，可知“（ ）make a business successful”为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，排除how与that，再根据句意“人是使企业成功的关键”，因此用what引导表示从句并在句中做主语。第2题:考查上下文语义。or表示并列关系，由前面的the lowest paid employees within the organization（组织内薪酬最低的员工）可知此

57、处对应的是“高级管理层”，因此选A。第3题:考查形容词辨析。productive意为“多产的”；effective意为“有效的”；valid意为“有根据的，有效的”；available意为“可获得的”。此处表示有参与感的员工通常是多产的。第4题:考查名词辨析。estate意为“财产，遗产”；asset意为“资产，财产”；fortune意为“命运”；possession意为“拥有”。此处表示关注组织的命运。第5题:考查动词辨析。apply意为“应用，运用”；utilize意为“利用，使用”；execute意为“执行”；hire意为“聘用”。此处表示企业主和管理者必须利用这些情绪。第6题:考查副词

58、辨析。well意为“相当，大大地”；over意为“穿过，落下”；right意为“合理地，正确地”；up意为“向上，在上面”；get recruitment意为“招聘”，后面的内容提到如何招聘，可推测此处指正确地招聘，因此选C。第7题:考查固定搭配。aim at意为“旨在，目标在于”。此句表示招聘应包括一些问题旨在了解一个人的动机和愿望。第8题:考查上下文语义。be unpopular with意为“不受欢迎”，此处表示改变往往不受员工欢迎。第9题:考查动词辨析。shift意为“改变”；fall意为“落下”；buy意为“购买”；revolve意为“旋转，环绕”。此处表示当明确说明其原因和潜在利益

59、时，他们更有可能发生改变。第10题:考查上下文语义。bear意为“忍受”；raise意为“增加，提高”；feed意为“喂养”；deliver意为“发表，递送”。由后面的produce better results and work to the best of their ability（获得更好的结果，并能最大限度地发挥他们的能力）可推测前面指提高员工的参与度，因此选B。12. 单选题As soon as the boy was able to earn his own living, he （ ）his parents strict rules.问题1选项A.defiedB.refuted

60、C.excludedD.vetoed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。defy意为“不服从”；refute意为“驳斥，驳倒”；exclude意为“排除，不包括”；veto意为“反对，否定”。句意：一旦这个男孩能够自食其力，他就不会服从他父母的严格规定。13. 单选题Stress is a state of imbalance between demands made on us from outside sources and our capabilities to meet those demands. Often, it precedes and occurs concurrently wi

61、th conflict. Stress, as you have seen, can be brought on by physical event, other peoples behavior, social situations, our own behavior, feelings, thoughts, or anything that results in heightened bodily awareness. In many cases, when you experience pain, anger, fear, or depression, these emotions are a response to a stressful situation like conflict.Sometimes, in highly stressful conflict situations, we must cope with the stress before we cope with the conflict. Relieving some of the intensity of the immediate emotional response will allow u