2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第18期

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1、2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weathering the storm. The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar” online extensions of stores like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, tra

2、ditional business and extend it into the online area. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internets special characteristics. Job sites and online auctioneer e-Bay are both good examples of the new breed of business that the Internet continues to foster.C is one of the lat

3、ter group. Its a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mouse pads customized with their own logos and/or slogans. By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an example of how the Internet has changed the art of marketing and customer service.C, how

4、ever, is rather remarkable for another reason. Customers dont need to print large lots of items. They dont need to worry about shipping the goods to their customers. And they dont need to talk to another human being to get their store “built” in the first place. The site lets you upload an image and

5、 choose what sort of item youd like it to appear on. You can then choose how much to mark the item upthe difference between the items base cost and your mark-up price is your profitBase prices are high, but understandable when you consider what does for the initial investment. An 11 ounce mug starts

6、 at $10.99, For that, prints the mug on a piece-by-piece basis, provides the ordering software, handles the money, packs it, and ships it for you. The mugs purchaser pays shipping and handling costs; the store owners effort is limited to uploading the original image for the mug, setting the cost, an

7、d writing a brief description of the item.It seems to be catching on. “More and more companies come to us, who want to do some kind of merchandising, who want to offer a range of products to their users, but dont want the hassles associated with it,” says Maheesh Jain, s co-founder and vice-presiden

8、t. “Thats where we come inwere one of the few companies that offer this kind of full-service solution.”But the most exciting aspect of is not its ability to help major corporations outsource and customize their merchandising efforts. Whats remarkable about the system is how simple it is to open a st

9、ore. An average individual with an idea that could sell 50 T-shirts or mugs cant justify a traditional merchandising effort, but with , users can easily bring ideas to fruition with very little time and no financial risk. Moreover, the quality of the merchandise is good; Ive ordered a mug and a shir

10、t from , and both were shipped relatively promptly, and arrived exactly as promised.C is an idea thats easy to get excited about. Its a small but tangible example of how the Internet can change the way we live.6. The expression “weathering the storm” in the first sentence means .7. The first kind of

11、 site differs from the second kind of site in that .8. Which of the following about C is NOT true?9. What kind of customers need C most according to its vice-president?10. What is the most outstanding about C according to the author?问题1选项A.coming into being（形成，产生）B.surviving a crisisC.struggling in

12、the stormD.being dominated by a stormy high tech wave问题2选项A.the first kind sells commodities while the second offers serviceB.the first kind extends items sold beyond the traditional categoriesC.the second kind is rising while the first kind is declining in the world of online commerceD.the second k

13、ind offers untraditional jobs to people experienced ill auctioning问题3选项A.Its customers are those who want to sell things rather than buy things.B.It along with similar sites, has changed the traditional way of marketing.C.It keeps its profit to a minimum in order to attract online customers.D.Its us

14、ers dont have to transact the items to be sold face-to-face with their customers.问题4选项A.Those who sell a great variety of items.B.Those who sell unconventional commodities.C.Those who want to avoid the trouble of negotiating with clients.D.Those who have problem keeping their commodities moving.问题5选

15、项A.The help it offers major companies in marketing their commodities.B.The conveniences it gives to companies in selling their commodities.C.The high quality of the merchandise it offers to customers.D.The speed and security it offers users to put their ideas into practice.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5

16、题:B【解析】6.词汇推测题，定位到文章第一段第一句As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weathering the storm，目标词前面半句的the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through“高科技的大低潮席卷而过”，后面的内容是两种网站中第一种公司的其中一个在蓬勃发展，所以这里weathering the storm是指这两种科技网站度过危机所以答案选B选项“生存危机”。A选项“形

17、成”，定位到第一段第三句They take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online area.（他们将现有的传统业务扩展到网络领域），由此可知不是形成，某些是早就存在，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“在风暴中挣扎”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“被暴风骤雨般的高科技浪潮所主宰”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。7.判断推理题，定位到第一段第二三四句The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar” online extensions of st

18、ores like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online area. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internets special characteristics.“第一种类型通常被称为“点击和实体店”沃尔玛或西尔斯(Sears)等商店的在线延伸。他们将现有的传统业务扩展到网络领域。第二种类型提供独特的服务，这是由于互联网的特点”，从这里可以看出第一

19、类是把传统门店拓展到网络上，第二类是基于网络来为客户提供服务的，所以答案选B选项“第一类扩展了传统类别以外的销售项目”正确；A选项“第一种是卖商品，第二种是提供服务”，见正确选项，文中并没有说第一类只提供商品第二类只提供服务，A选项错误，属于无中生有；C选项“在电子商务的世界里，第二类正在崛起，而第一类正在衰落”，定位到第一段第一句two kinds of sites are weathering the storm.“有两类网站正经受住这场风暴的考验”，从这里可以看出，这两类网站都在发展，都没有衰落，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“第二种提供非传统的工作给那些经历过糟糕拍卖的人”文章没有提及，属于

20、无中生有。8.事实细节题，C选项“为了吸引在线客户，它将利润保持在最低水平”，文章没有提及，这里属于无中生有，所以答案选C；A选项“它的顾客是那些想卖东西而不是想买东西的人”，定位到第二段第二句话Its a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mouse pads customized with their own logos and/or slogans.“这是一个为用户提供在线商店的网站，在那里他们可以出售带有自己的商标和/或口号的衬衫、马克杯和鼠标垫”从这

21、里可知选项A正确；B选项“它和类似的网站一起改变了传统的营销方式”，定位到第二段第三句话By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an example of how the Internet has changed the art of marketing and customer service.“就其本身而言，这是一项相当有用的服务，也是互联网如何改变营销和客户服务艺术的一个例子”从这里可知B选项正确；D选项“它的用户不需要与他们的客户面对面地交易出售的物品”，定位到第三段第三句话They dont need to worry abou

22、t shipping the goods to their customers.“他们不需要担心把货物运送给他们的客户”从这里可知D选项正确。9.事实细节题，根据题干定位到第五段第二三句“More and more companies come to us, who want to do some kind of merchandising, who want to offer a range of products to their users, but dont want the hassles associated with it,” says Maheesh Jain, s co-fo

23、under and vice-president. “Thats where we come inwere one of the few companies that offer this kind of full-service solution.”的联合创始人兼副总裁Maheesh Jain表示：“越来越多的公司来找我们，他们想做某种商品推销，想向用户提供一系列产品，但不想为此带来麻烦。这就是我们的切入点，我们是少数几家提供这种全方位服务解决方案的公司之一。”从这里可知答案选C“那些想要避免与客户谈判的麻烦的人”；A选项“那些卖各种各样商品的人”，见正确选项，选项中提到的是a great

24、variety但是文章提到的some，这里属于偷换概念；B选项“那些出售非传统商品的人”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“那些无法保持商品流通的人”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。10.事实细节题，定位到倒数第二段第二三句Whats remarkable about the system is how simple it is to open a store. An average individual with an idea that could sell 50 T-shirts or mugs cant justify a traditional merchandising effor

25、t, but with , users can easily bring ideas to fruition with very little time and no financial risk.“这个系统的非凡之处在于，开店非常简单。一个普通人的想法可以卖出50件t恤或杯子，这并不能证明传统的营销努力是合理的，但有了，用户可以在很少的时间和没有财务风险的情况下轻松实现想法”从这里可知答案选B选项“它给公司销售商品带来的便利”；A选项“它为大公司营销其商品提供的帮助”，定位到倒数第二段第一句话But the most exciting aspect of is not its ability

26、 to help major corporations outsource and customize their merchandising efforts.“但是，最令人兴奋的方面并不是它能够帮助大公司外包和定制他们的销售工作”，从这里可知选项A错误，属于反向干扰；C选项“向顾客提供高质量的商品”定位到倒数第二段第四句Moreover, the quality of the merchandise is good“此外，商品的质量也很好”，文章虽然提到商品质量好，但是这只是补充点，在方便开店的基础上他们商品的质量也很好，这里属于出处错误；D选项“它为用户将他们的想法付诸实践提供的速度和安全

27、性”，见正确选项解析，文章虽然有和选项的同义替换句，即倒数第二段第三句，但是这只是为了解释说明开店的简单程度，所以不选，这里属于偷换概念。2. 单选题I know cold. And all you Minnesota people may discount me because I am from Phoenix, but trust me, I know cold. I have climbed the highest peak on each continent (the famed Seven Summits) and have skied to both the North and

28、South Poles a feat known as the Adventure Grand Slam. Each mountain and polar expedition was very different with the exception of one thing: the cold.Of all the remote places I have been, Antarctica land of the frozen tundra is perhaps my favorite. It also happens to be the coldest place on earth. T

29、he continent is approximately 98 percent ice and 2 percent rock. Temperatures in the winter have reached 128-below. I have been there twice; once to climb the Vinson Massif and once to ski six-hundred miles from the edge of the western Antarctic ice shelf all the way to the South Pole. “Why would yo

30、u want to suffer like that” is a question I get all the time. And sure, there are times when you are feeling like you want to take a break from the frigid conditions and go inside the lodge and get a cup of hot cocoa. but you cant. There is no ski lodge in the middle of Antarctica. Theres just you,

31、your 1501b sled which is harnessed to your waist (containing all of your gear and supplies), your teammates (unless you are on a solo trip no thanks) and the cold. So you make peace with the sub-zero temperatures, because youre going to be in them for the better part of two months.So thinking back o

32、n my experiences heres why you should be okay with a couple of days of polar vortex because 1) you can go inside, and 2) because it makes you smarter or at least smarter than the warm weather does. Yep. Good news for those in cities affected by the vortex: cold weather can actually be really good fo

33、r you. Not just because you burn more fat when its cold, but because your brain works better when its cold. According to an article by Adrian Ward that appeared in Scientific American, it takes more energy to cool your body when its hot than it does to warm it up when youre cold. The energy comes fr

34、om glucose. which is also necessary for the brains mental processes. So basically, cooling off when it is hot uses more glucose than warming up when its cold; thus leaving less available glucose for the brain. Therefore, we can assume that cold weather is better for the brain. Quick everyone go take

35、 the MENSA test before the temperature warms up again!1. What do the mountains the author has climbed have in common?2. What can we learn about Antarctica?3. What is not available in the middle of Antarctica?4. Why is cold weather better for the brain?5. We can learn from the test that the MENS A te

36、st is a kind of_.问题1选项A.They are all located in the North Pole.B.They are all located in the South Pole.C.They have the same elevations.D.They are all very frigid.问题2选项A.There is about 98% water and 2% ice.B.The temperatures there can reach 128 degree centigrade.C.It is the second coldest place on e

37、arth.D.There is a mountain called Vinson Massif.问题3选项A.Ski lodge.B.Sled.C.Supplies.D.Camera.问题4选项A.Because you can burn more fat when it is cold.B.Because you can go inside ski lodges and take a break when it is cold.C.Because you can leave more glucose for the brain when it is cold.D.Because the en

38、ergy you need for the brain comes from ice.问题5选项A.psychiatric testB.intelligence testC.personality testD.admission test【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。定位到第一段最后一句话Each mountain and polar expedition was very differentwith the exception of one thing: the cold.“每一个山脉和极地探险都非常不同除了一件事：寒冷”从这里可以知道答案

39、选D选项“他们都非常寒冷”；A选项“它们都位于北极”，定位到第一段第三句话have skied to both the North and South Poles“曾经南极和北极都滑过”，从这里可知A属于反向干扰；B选项“它们都位于南极”，见A选项，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“他们有相同的海拔高度”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。2.事实细节题。定位到第二段第五句话have been there twice; once to climb the Vinson Massif“到过这两次；有一次去爬文森山”，从这里可知D选项“那有一座山叫文森山”正确；A选项“大约98%是水，2%是冰”，定位到第二段第

40、三句话The continent is approximately 98 percent ice and 2 percent rock.“这块大陆大约98%是冰，2%是岩石”，从这里可知A选项错误，属于反向干扰；B选项“那里的温度可以达到128摄氏度”，定位到第二段第四句话Temperatures in the winter have reached 128-below.“冬天的气温已经达到零下128度”从关键词below可知B选项错误，属于反向干扰；C选项“它是地球上第二冷的地方”，第二段第二句话It also happens to be the coldest place on earth

41、.“它也是地球上最冷的地方”，从这里可知C选项错误，属于反向干扰。3.事实细节题。定位到第二段倒数第三句There is no ski lodge in the middle of Antarctica.“南极洲中部没有滑雪旅馆”，从这里可知答案选A“滑雪旅馆”；B选项“雪橇”，定位到第二段倒数第二句话Theres just you, your 1501b sled which is harnessed to your waist (containing all of your gear and supplies), your teammates and the cold.“只有你，腰间系着1

42、501b雪橇(包括你所有的装备和补给)，你的队友，还有寒冷”，从这里可知B选项不符合题意，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“补给”，见B选项，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“照相机”文章没有提及属于无中生有。4.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段倒数第三句So basically, cooling off when it is hot uses more glucose than warming up when its cold; thus leaving less available glucose for the brain.“所以基本上，在热的时候降温比在冷的时候升温需要更多的葡萄糖；这样就减少了大脑可用

43、的葡萄糖”，从这里可知答案选C“因为冷的时候你可以给大脑留下更多的葡萄糖”；A选项“因为天气冷的时候可以燃烧更多的脂肪”，定位到最后一段第四句话Not just because you burn more fat when its cold, but because your brain works better when its cold.“这不仅是因为你在冷的时候燃烧了更多的脂肪，还因为你的大脑在冷的时候工作得更好”，从这里可知这不是大脑在冷环境中运行的更好的原因，这里属于出处错误；B选项“因为天气冷的时候你可以去滑雪小屋休息一下”，定位到第二段倒数第三句There is no ski l

44、odge in the middle of Antarctica“南极洲中部没有滑雪旅馆”，这不是大脑在冷环境中运行的更好的原因，这里属于出处错误；D选项“因为你大脑所需的能量来自冰”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。5.推理判断题，寻找句内线索，定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句Therefore, we can assume that cold weather is better for the brain.“因此，我们可以假设寒冷的天气对大脑更好”，这里说完冷的环境对大脑运行有利就赶紧督促别人去考MENS，就说明这考试与大脑也就是智力有关，所以答案选B“智力测试”；A选项“心理测试”，文章没有提及

45、，属于无中生有；C选项“性格测试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“入学考试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。3. 单选题The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual develop

46、ment of these and all other societies, however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people

47、 through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.I

48、ronically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U. S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U. S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains,

49、 the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U. S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterpartsa result of the training that U. S. workers received on the job.More recently, while exa

50、mine housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industrys work.What is the real relationship between education and economi

51、c development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. After all, thats how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didnt have time to wonder much about anything

52、besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanitys productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn affor

53、d more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be

54、possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesnt constrain the ability of the developing worlds workforce to substantially improve productivity to the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isnt developing

55、 more quickly there than it is.1. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries _.2. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system_.3. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that_.4. The author quotes the example

56、of our ancestors to show that education emerged_.5. According to the last paragraph, development of education_.问题1选项A.is subject groundless doubtsB.has fallen victim of biasC.is conventional downgradedD.has been overestimated问题2选项A.requires sufficient labor forceB.takes efforts of generationsC.deman

57、ds priority from the governmentD.challenges economists and politicians问题3选项A.the U.S. workforce is more organizedB.the Japanese workforce is better disciplinedC.the Japanese workforce is more productiveD.the U.S. workforce has a better education问题4选项A.as a result of pressure on governmentB.when peop

58、le no longer went huntingC.when people had enough timeD.prior to better ways of finding food问题5选项A.follows improved productivityB.results directly from competitive environmentsC.does not depend on economic performanceD.cannot afford political changes【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。寻找句内线索，定位

59、到文章第一段第二三句话however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve eco

60、nomic performance would require two or three generations.“然而，传统观点认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的首要任务之一，这种观点是错误的。我们很幸运，因为在那里建立新的教育系统，并让足够多的人通过这些系统来改善经济表现，需要两三代人的努力”，从这句可知很多人都会认为不发达国家要想获得快速发展就的通过发展教育来达成，但事实是仅仅是新的教育体系发展起来都得需要经历两到三代人的努力才能实现，达不到快速这个目标，所以教育的作用是被高估了的，所以答案选D“被高估了”。A选项“受到无端质疑”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。B选项“变成了偏见的受

61、害者”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“通常被贬低”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。2.事实细节题。定位到第一段第三句话We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.“我们很幸运，因为在那里建立新的教育系统，并让足够多的人通过这些系统来改善经济表现，需要两三代人的努力”，

62、从这里可知答案选B“需要几代人的努力”；A选项“需要足够的劳动力”，第一段没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“要求政府放在首位”，定位到第一段第二句话however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.“然而，传统观点认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的首要任务之一，这种观点是错误的”，这里只是提到人们会下意识的认为要把教育放在第一

63、位，与题目描写的新教育体系的建立无关，这里属于出处错误；D选项“挑战经济学家和政治家”，定位到第一段第一句The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike“在贫穷国家，正规教育和经济增长之间的关系被经济学家和政治家们广泛误解”，这说的是经济学和政治学家的一种误解，与题目描写的新教育体系的建立无关所以不选，这里属于出处错误。3.事实细节题，定位到第二段倒数第一句话Yet the research revealed that the U. S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts“然而，研